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All Journal Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi Jurnal Teknik ITS IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences International Research Journal of Business Studies (E-Journal) Jurnal Teknik Industri: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Aplikasi Teknik Industri Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Journal of Marine-Earth Science and Technology Makara Journal of Science Makara Journal of Technology Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Mineral Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis International Research Journal of Business Studies Jurnal Rekayasa Proses
Sjarief Widjaja
Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 6011
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences

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Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility of Coconut Husk using Nitrogen-assisted Subcritical Water for Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Tantular Nurtono; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5337.84-95

Abstract

Coconut husk (CCH) as an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia has the potential to be utilized for sugar production, which is the intermediate product of biofuel. In this study, subcritical water (SCW) assisted by nitrogen (N2) was developed to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of CCH. SCW process was optimized by varying the operation condition: the pressure of 60-100 bar, the temperature of 150-190 °C, and the time of 20-60 min. The SCW-treated solid was subsequently hydrolyzed by utilizing a mixture of commercial cellulase and xylanase enzymes. The result shows that the optimum total sugar yield was obtained under the mild condition of SCW treatment, resulting in the sugar of 15.67 % and 10.31 % gained after SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis process, respectively. SEM and FTIR analysis of SCW-treated solid exhibited the deformation of lignin and solubilization of cellulose and hemicellulose, while XRD and TGA revealed an increase of the amount of crystalline part in the solid residue. The use of N2 in SCW treatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis in this study suggested that the method can be considered economically for biofuel production from CCH waste in commercial scale. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Mathematical Modelling of Alkaline and Ionic Liquid Pretreated Coconut Husk Enzymatic Hydrolysis Akbarningrum Fatmawati; Ari Anggoro; Kamila Adila Muslim; Arief Widjaja; Tantular Nurtono; Hanny Frans Sangian
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 2 Year 2021 (June 2021)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10306.331-341

Abstract

The problem of crude oil reserve shortage and air quality decline currently have led researches on renewable fuel such as bioethanol and biohydrogen. The attempt to provide such biofuel involves the utilization of enormously available wasted materials, lignocellulose. Coconut husk is one of such materials available in Indonesia. The previous work had reported the quantity of total reducing sugar produced after the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated coconut husk. The pretreatment methods used were dilute sodium hydroxide solution (1 and 4% w/v), 1,3-methylmethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate ionic liquid and the combination of both methods. This work focused on constructing the mathematical model which describes the kinetic of those enzymatic hydrolysis reactions. Mathematical model expressions help describing as well as predicting the process behavior, which is commonly needed in the process design and control. The development of mathematical model in this work was done based on the total reducing sugar concentration resulted in batch hydrolysis reaction. The kinetic parameters including initial available substrate (S0), maximum reaction rate (rmax), and half-maximum rate constant (KM). According to the values of half-maximum rate constant (KM), the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of coconut husk treated using ionic liquid is better than that treated using dilute alkaline solution as the former had shown lower KM value and hence higher enzyme affinity to the substrate. The best hydrolysis result was performed using combination of 1% dilute sodium hydroxide solution and ionic liquid with kinetic model parameter of 0.5524 g/L.h of rmax, 0.0409 g/L of KM, and 4.1919 g/L of S0. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
PENINGKATAN UNJUK KERJA HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIK JERAMI PADI MENGGUNAKAN CAMPURAN SELULASE KASAR DARI Trichoderma reesei DAN Aspergillus niger Anwar, Nadiem; Widjaja, Arief; Winardi, Sugeng
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 14, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Increasing the Performance of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Rice Straw Using Mixed Crude Cellulases from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. The objective of this work is to compare the effectiveness of mixed crude enzyme cellulase from T. reesei and A. niger with commercial enzyme from A. niger, and to investigate effect of enzyme to substrate ratio to performance of enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw. The commercial enzyme from Fluka Biochemica was used, and crude enzyme were prepared by solid fermentation with simple media. Before hydrolized, the rice straw was grinded and sieved and then heated at 85 o C with 2% sodium hydroxide for six hours. Hydrolysis was conducted in 300 mL beaker flask equipped with mechanical stirrer. Samples were analyzed by dinitrosalicylic acid method and measured by spectrophotometer. Both of commercial and mixed crude enzyme show that, the higher enzyme to substrate ratio was higher the glucose concentration obtained. However, ratio of glucose obtained to enzyme used become smaller. The mixture of crude enzyme from T. reesesi dan A. niger that produced in this work was two fold more effective to hydrolyze rice straw than using cellulase enzyme of A. niger from Fluka Biochemika
Development of a Novel Support Modification for Efficient Lipase Immobilization: Preparation, Characterization, and Application for Bio-flavor Production Moentamaria, Dwina; Irfin, Zakijah; Chumaidi, Achmad; Widjaja, Arief; Widjaja, Tri; Muharja, Maktum; Darmayanti, Rizki Fitria
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2024 (August 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20130

Abstract

The low cost and excellent catalytic properties of lipase for industrial processes are highly desirable. A promising new approach involves the support modification of lipase and spacer arm, which enables the enhancement of lipase properties. This study investigates the immobilization of crude lipase from Mucor miehei onto a Polyurethane Foam (PUF) surface using various coating techniques. The PUF matrix was obtained through isocyanate and polyol reactions. Subsequently, the PUF was coated by adsorbing lipase and adding edible support material. The immobilized lipase was then utilized in the hydrolysis of coconut oil to produce fatty acids. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme was employed in the esterification of fatty acids to produce bio-flavors. The results demonstrate that the attachment reaction using support material, namely lecithin, gelatin, MgCl2, and Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG), all of which are simple and edible, was able to enhance the stability and reusability of lipase. This immobilization technique increased triglyceride hydrolysis into FFA by 422%. The successful edible support modification of immobilized lipase from M. miehei on PUF, coupled with significantly enhanced enzyme stability and catalytic activity, offers a promising, environmentally friendly solution for diverse applications in the food industry. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Desain Pabrik LNG dengan Proses Refrigerasi Propane Pre-Cooled Mixed Refrigerant (C3MR) di Bangkudulis, Kalimantan Utara Novandira, Belva Angeline; Integrity, Justian Immanuel; Widjaja, Arief
Jurnal Teknik ITS Vol 13, No 2 (2024): IN PRESS (Artikel masih bisa bertambah)
Publisher : Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (DRPM), ITS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j23373539.v13i2.147783

Abstract

Indonesia diketahui memiliki cadangan gas alam yang berlimpah dengan total per tahun 2021 yaitu sebesar 60,61 TSCF atau sekitar 6.061.000 MMSCFD menjadikannya energi primer terbanyak ketiga setelah minyak bumi dan batu bara. Pemanfaatan gas alam pun mulai banyak dilakukan sebagai salah satu solusi dalam pemenuhan kebuhan berbagai sektor di Indonesia. Pengolahan gas alam menjadi produk Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) menempati urutan pertama dalam presentase pemanfaatan gas alam. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan LNG, dilakukan perancangan pabrik LNG yang berlokasi di Bangkudulis, Kalimantan Utara. Kalimantan diketahui memiliki potensi sumber gas alam yang cukup besar dengan cadangan terbukti sebesar 2924,71 per tahun 2021. Kapasitas produksi pada pabrik ini sebesar 250 MMSCFD. Empat unit yang digunakan dalam proses pengolahan pabrik LNG ini yaitu unit separasi dengan two phase horizontal separator, aMDEA Acid Removal Gas, Dehydration menggunakan molecular sieve berukuran 4A, 5A, dan 13X, fraksinasi menggunakan 2 fraksinator yaitu de-ethanizer dan de-butanizer, serta liquifikasi C3MR. Produk utama yang dihasilkan pabrik ini adalah LNG sebesar 181.085,70 kg/jam (211,5 MMSCFD) dengan produk samping LPG sebesar 22.921,890 kg/jam dan kondensat sebesar 7.245,16 kg/jam. Pabrik LNG ini memiliki kebutuhan panas atau energi sebesar 38.218,34 kW. Untuk mendirikan pabrik ini, diperlukan Total Capital Investment (TCI) sebesar Rp 12.443.702.392.877,70 dengan perkiraan umur pabrik selama 10 tahun. Perhitungan untuk menganalisis ekonomi dilakukan dan diperoleh nilai IRR sebesar 22,52%, dengan waktu pengembalian modal (POT) selama 4,54 tahun dan BEP sebesar 28,28%.
Desain Pabrik Proses Produksi LNG Dengan Metode Refrigerasi Dual Mixed Refrigerant (DMR) Di Bangkudulis, Kalimantan Utara Al-Ghifari, Admiral Yagi; Maulidarsyah, Muhammad Fauzan; Widjaja, Arief
Jurnal Teknik ITS Vol 13, No 2 (2024): IN PRESS (Artikel masih bisa bertambah)
Publisher : Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (DRPM), ITS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j23373539.v13i2.147820

Abstract

Desain Pabrik Proses Produksi LNG ini menggunakan metode refrigerasi Dual Mixed Refrigerant (DMR) dengan bahan baku sebesar 250 MMSCFD dan kapasitas produksi sebesar 2,08277 MTPA yang berlokasi di Bangkudulis, Kalimantan Utara. Proses utama dari pabrik ini terdiri dari pre-treatment section, fractionation section, dan liquefaction section. Berdasarkan serangkaian proses yang telah dibuat, gas alam dengan laju alir massa 262.975,95 kg/jam dapat diolah menjadi beberapa produk berupa 183.384,14 kg/jam LNG, 22.828,34 kg/jam LPG, dan 7.345,33 kg/jam Condensate. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa didapatkan nilai Capital Expenditure sebesar Rp 10.296.417.582.839; Operational Expenditure sebesar Rp 7.027.731.887.247; Internal Rate of Return sebesar 27,41%; Pay Out Time selama 4 tahun 9 bulan dengan estimasi umur pabrik selama 15 tahun; dan Break Even Point sebesar 35,53%. Dari data analisis kelayakan diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik ini menguntungkan dan layak untuk didirikan.
PRODUKSI GULA REDUKSI DARI SABUT KELAPA MELALUI PRETREATMENT AUTOCLAVE Junianti, Fitri; Widjaja, Arief
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA MINERAL Vol 1 No 1 (2022): JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA MINERAL
Publisher : Politeknik ATI Makassaar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (191.067 KB) | DOI: 10.61844/jtkm.v1i1.18

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi gula reduksi dari bahan biomassa. Pemilihan biomassa ini dengan melihat kandungan dari selulosa dan hemiselulosa pada biomassa tersebut. Sabut kelapa memiliki 22 % selulosa, 10% hemiselulosa, 47% lignin, 12% air (moisture), 1,5% abu dan 7,5% ekstrak. Tahapan pada penelitian ini dimulai dengan pretreatment mekanik untuk memperbesar luas permukaan sabut kelapa sehingga mudah untuk didegradasi dan tahan lama. Tahapan selanjutnya yaitu dipretreatment dengan autoclave pada kondisi operasi 121oC dan 1 bar dengan waktu reaksi 15, 30, 45, dan 60 menit. Konsentrasi gula reduksi terbesar didapatkan pada kondisi operasi 121oC dan 1 bar dengan waktu reaksi 60 menit.
Coconut husk to reducing sugar conversion using combined ultrasound and surfactant aided subcritical water Zuhroh, Saiyyidah Tus; Fatmawati, Akbarningrum; Widjaja, Arief
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 16 No 2 (2022): Volume 16, Number 2, 2022
Publisher : Jurnal Rekayasa Proses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.69231

Abstract

The first purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of operating variables and surfactant concentration in subcritical water to after ultrasonic process on the sugar-producing yield from coconut husk. The second purpose was to obtain the optimum operating condition of the subcritical water process. The sonication before the subcritical water process was done by dispersing 40 mesh coconut husk powder in water at 60°C, and 35 kHz. The effect of sonication time was studied by comparing the material crystallinity and composition after being treated for 30 minutes. In this research, the optimization was done by using a Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design with 3 factors (temperature, time, and surfactant concentration). The designed lower and upper levels were 130°C and 170°C, 40, and 80 minutes, as well as 1 and 3% (w). The results showed that the quadratic response surface model predicted the maximum reducing sugar yield to be 12.0%, which was achieved at the optimum condition of 170°C, 77.5 minutes, and 2.3% SDS surfactant addition. The experiment run at the obtained optimum condition resulted in a reducing sugar yield of 11.7%, which was close to that obtained from the model prediction.
Enhancing Monomeric Sugar Production from Coconut Husk by FeCl3-assisted Hydrothermal Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Wijaya, Candra; Sangadji, Ningsi Lick; Muharja, Maktum; Widjaja, Tri; Riadi, Lieke; Widjaja, Arief
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20444

Abstract

Coconut husk (CCH), an abundant agricultural byproduct of the coconut processing industry, holds significant potential as a renewable feedstock for monomeric sugar production. However, efficient fractionation remains a challenge due to its recalcitrant lignocellulosic structure. This study investigates FeCl₃-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) as a selective and scalable approach to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and sugar recovery. The effects of FeCl₃ concentrations, temperatures, and unified of pretreatment conditions as combined hydrolysis factor (CHF) on biomass fractionation, modeling xylan dissolution, and monomeric sugar production were evaluated. Results indicate that 0.06 M FeCl₃ at 150 °C achieved the highest total monomeric sugar concentration of 7.364 g/L, an 11-fold increase compared to the non-catalyzed control (0.667 g/L) during HTP. This condition also facilitated 81.2% hemicellulose removal while minimizing cellulose and lignin degradation, thereby improving enzymatic digestibility. Furthermore, xylan hydrolysis also successfully developed with high correlation with unified CHF parameter. FeCl₃-assisted HTP CCH coupled with enzymatic hydrolysis further enhanced overall sugar recovery, with a total monomeric sugar yield of 18.4 g per 100 g raw CCH, representing a 4.4-fold increase compared to hydrothermally pretreated CCH without FeCl₃. These findings highlight FeCl₃-assisted HTP as a promising, cost-effective strategy for biomass fractionation, supporting its integration into lignocellulosic biorefineries for bio-based product development. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
SIMULASI KENAIKAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI GULA PADA PROSES KARBONATASI DI PT. INDUSTRI GULA GLENMORE MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT LUNAK ASPEN PLUS Muharja, Maktum; Darmayanti, Rizki Fitria; Widjaja, Arief; Firmansyah, Arfian Alwi; Karima, Nur
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (315.192 KB) | DOI: 10.23887/jstundiksha.v11i1.39521

Abstract

PT Industri Gula Glenmore (PT. IGG) merupakan salah satu industri gula di Indonesia yang menggunakan metode defekasi remelt karbonatasi (DRK) pada proses pemurnian nira. Dalam beberapa tahun ke depan, PT IGG berencana menaikkan kapasitas produksi sebesar 8.000 ton/hari dari kapasitas semula sebesar 6.000 ton/hari. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk menyimulasikan peningkatan produksi gula dari 6.000 menjadi 8.000 ton/hari dengan menganalisis neraca massa dan neraca energi dan mensimulasikannya menggunakan software Aspen Plus V11. Proses yang disimulasikan dalam studi ini berfokus pada kinerja karbonator. Hasil penghitungan kapasitas 6.000 ton/hari menunjukkan massa keluar dan energi yang dibutuhkan (∆H) pada karbonator 2 secara berturut-turut adalah 72.766,20 kg/jam dan -1.828,32 kkal/jam. Sedangkan pada kapasitas 8.000 ton/hari, massa keluar dan energi yang dibutuhkan pada karbonator 2 secara berturut-turut adalah 97.015,61 kg/jam dan -2.441,30 kkal/jam. Simulasi menggunakan aspen plus menunjukkan hasil dengan selisih perbedaan yang dapat ditoleransi dibandingkan dengan penghitungan neraca massa dan energi. Dari studi ini, simulasi peningkatan produksi gula akan berguna untuk mempermudah proses desain karbonator pada kenaikan kapasitas produksi atau penggantian metode pemurnian.
Co-Authors Achmad Chumaidi, Achmad Achmad Zubaydi Adi Soeprijanto Adrian Nur Adrian Nur Afan Hamzah, Afan Agra Bachtiar Ahmad Zubaydi Akbarningrum Fatmawati Akbarningrum Fatmawati Akhmad Basuki Widodo Al-Ghifari, Admiral Yagi Anwar, Nadiem Aparamarta, Hakun Wirawasista Aparamarta, Hakun Wirawista Ari Anggoro Artaraharja, Yoseph Daniswara Bagiyo Suwasono Bagiyo Suwasono Bagiyo Suwasono Bagiyo Suwasono, Bagiyo Baiq Firyal Salsabilla Safitri Candra Wijaya, Candra Debra Arlin Puspasari Debra Arlin Puspasari Denistira Fazlur Rahman Desi Liah Martasari Desy Nurwijayanti Dwina Moentamaria Eny Setyowati F Ferry Fadilah, Siska Nuri Firmansyah, Arfian Alwi Fredi Susanto Hanny F. Sangian Hellen Kartika Dewi Hellen Kartika Dewi Hermawan, Yuda Apri Heru Setyawan I Nyoman Budiantara I. Wuled Lenggoro Ilham Alamsah Ilham Alamsyah Integrity, Justian Immanuel Irfan Albana Irfin, Zakijah Irma Nurhanifah Fenda Putri Jayyid Zuhdan Junaidi Kristian Junaidy Kristian Junaidy Kristian Junianti, Fitri Kamila Adila Muslim Karima, Nur Kurniawan Candra Eka Prasetya Mamuji Putra Laila Nur Rahmah Laila Nur Rahmah Lidya Lorenta Sitompul Lieke Riadi M Musmariadi M. Rasyid, Daniel M. Zaed Yuliadi Ma'ruf, Buana Marcus Tukan Maulidarsyah, Muhammad Fauzan Muhammad Nurul Hakim Muharja, Maktum Mukti Mulyawan Nadiem Anwar Novandira, Belva Angeline Nur Fadhilah Nur Fadhilah Nurul Maziyah Nurul Maziyah Panunggal, Eko Patdono Suwignjo Rachma, Fanina Aulia Ratna Purwaningsih Ratna Purwaningsih Ratna Purwaningsih Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Samsudin Affandi Sangadji, Ningsi Lick Setiyo Gunawan Silvya Yusnica Agnesty Silvya Yusnica Agnesty Silvya Yusnica Agnesty Silvya Yusnica Agnesty Siska Nuri Fadilah Siska Nuri Fadilah Soedarmodjo, Thea Prastiwi Soegiono, Soegiono Sri Gunani Partiwi Sri Gunani Partiwi Sugeng Winardi Sukma Rahma Sukma Rahma Sukmawati Rahma Tantular Nurtono Thea Prastiwi Soedarmodjo Tirta Sumadilaga, Ibrahim Tri Achmadi Tri Widjaja Winardi, Sugeng Yakub Hendrikson Manurung Yakub Hendrikson Manurung Yuliadi, M. Zaed Zaed Yuliadi Zaed Yuliadi, Zaed Zubaydi, Ahmad Zuhroh, Saiyyidah Tus