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All Journal Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi Jurnal Teknik ITS IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences International Research Journal of Business Studies (E-Journal) Jurnal Teknik Industri: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Aplikasi Teknik Industri Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Rekayasa Proses International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Journal of Marine-Earth Science and Technology Makara Journal of Science Makara Journal of Technology Sewagati Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Mineral Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis International Research Journal of Business Studies Jurnal Rekayasa Proses
Sjarief Widjaja
Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 6011
Arts Humanities Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility and Lignin Production of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) by Green Deep Eutectic Solvent Wijaya, Candra; Pertiwi, Urania Noor Lintang; Apol, Tabina Raissa; Rohmah, Ika Putri Nikmatur; Muharja, Maktum; Widjaja, Tri; Riadi, Lieke; Widjaja, Arief
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20526

Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is an abundant lignocellulosic residue whose high lignin content restricts its bioconversion into sugars and value-added products. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), particularly choline chloride–lactic acid, offer a green and tunable platform for selective delignification and biomass fractionation. This study investigates the effects of ChCl:LA (1:2) DES pretreatment under varying temperatures (100–140 °C) and reaction times (3-6 h) on the chemical composition, structural modification, delignification kinetics, and enzymatic digestibility of OPEFB. A modified combined delignification factor (CDF) was developed to unify temperature, time, and DES acidity into a single severity descriptor. Delignification followed a biphasic pattern successfully captured by the CDF-based kinetic model (R² = 0.9961), with activation energy of 63.5 kJ.mol⁻¹. Increasing pretreatment severity enhanced hemicellulose and lignin removal (up to 95.5% and 84.4%), while cellulose remained largely preserved. SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses confirmed progressive disruption of the lignin–carbohydrate matrix, increased cellulose exposure, and removal of amorphous domains. As a result, enzymatic hydrolysis yield improved by more than twofold relative to untreated biomass, reaching 75.5% at 140 °C for 6 h. Mass-balance evaluation demonstrated that from 100 g OPEFB, DES pretreatment yielded 21.6 g glucose and 24.7 g recoverable lignin under optimal conditions. Compared to other pretreatment strategies, the ChCl:LA DES system achieved a balanced co-production of sugars and lignin in significantly shorter processing time. Overall, this work provides mechanistic, kinetic, and mass-balance insights into DES-assisted fractionation of OPEFB and highlights its potential in integrated multiproduct biorefineries. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Optimization of the Number of Boat Passengers Using the Intact Stability Survival Approach Aditya Dwi Saputra; Sjarief Widjaja; Hasanudin
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v10i4

Abstract

Passenger ship accidents in Indonesia’s domestic waters are frequently linked to overloading and stability failures, particularly on non-classed vessels with open decks. This study proposes an analytical method to determine the optimal passenger capacity based on intact stability survival criteria. The method begins with hydrostatic calculations of the hull to generate the KN curve, which is then adjusted for the mass distribution of the vessel and passengers to produce the actual GZ curve. Optimization is performed iteratively by comparing the calculated righting moment (Mst) with the regulatory criterion moment (Mkr), following both BKI and ISO 12217-1:2015 standards, while also accounting for the limiting condition at the downflooding angle. A case study on a V-hull boat (L = 10.5 m; B = 3.2 m; H = 1.4 m) reveals a substantial divergence between the two regulatory frameworks. Under light displacement (LWT = 1 ton), ISO permits up to 138 passengers, whereas BKI limits capacity to only 17. Conversely, at a high LWT of 8 tons, ISO does not allow any passengers, while BKI still permits approximately 29. Validation against Maxsurf software demonstrates excellent agreement (R² = 0.9993), confirming the reliability of the developed program. These findings establish that the proposed method is both valid and practical, offering a technical guideline for determining the safe passenger capacity of non-classed open-deck vessels operating in domestic waters.
Co-Authors Achmad Chumaidi, Achmad Achmad Zubaydi Adi Soeprijanto Aditya Dwi Saputra Adrian Nur Adrian Nur Afan Hamzah, Afan Agra Bachtiar Ahmad Zubaydi Akbarningrum Fatmawati Akbarningrum Fatmawati Akhmad Basuki Widodo Al-Ghifari, Admiral Yagi Anwar, Nadiem Aparamarta, Hakun Wirawasista Aparamarta, Hakun Wirawista Apol, Tabina Raissa Ari Anggoro Arif , Irfan Syarief Artaraharja, Yoseph Daniswara Bagiyo Suwasono Bagiyo Suwasono Bagiyo Suwasono Bagiyo Suwasono, Bagiyo Baiq Firyal Salsabilla Safitri Candra Wijaya, Candra Debra Arlin Puspasari Debra Arlin Puspasari Denistira Fazlur Rahman Desi Liah Martasari Desy Nurwijayanti Dwina Moentamaria Eny Setyowati F Ferry Fadilah, Siska Nuri Firmansyah, Arfian Alwi Fredi Susanto Hanny F. Sangian Hasanudin Hellen Kartika Dewi Hellen Kartika Dewi Hermawan, Yuda Apri Heru Setyawan I Nyoman Budiantara I. Wuled Lenggoro Ilham Alamsah Ilham Alamsyah Integrity, Justian Immanuel Irfan Albana Irfin, Zakijah Irma Nurhanifah Fenda Putri Jayyid Zuhdan Junaidi Kristian Junaidy Kristian Junaidy Kristian Junianti, Fitri Kamila Adila Muslim Karima, Nur Kurniawan Candra Eka Prasetya Mamuji Putra Laila Nur Rahmah Laila Nur Rahmah Lidya Lorenta Sitompul Lieke Riadi M Musmariadi M. Rasyid, Daniel M. Zaed Yuliadi Ma'ruf, Buana Marcus Tukan Maulidarsyah, Muhammad Fauzan Muhammad Nurul Hakim Muharja, Maktum Mukti Mulyawan Nadiem Anwar Novandira, Belva Angeline Nur Fadhilah Nur Fadhilah Nurkhamidah , Siti Nurul Maziyah Nurul Maziyah Panunggal, Eko Patdono Suwignjo Pertiwi, Urania Noor Lintang Rachma, Fanina Aulia Ratna Purwaningsih Ratna Purwaningsih Ratna Purwaningsih Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Rohmah, Ika Putri Nikmatur Samsudin Affandi Sangadji, Ningsi Lick Setiyo Gunawan Silvya Yusnica Agnesty Silvya Yusnica Agnesty Silvya Yusnica Agnesty Silvya Yusnica Agnesty Siska Nuri Fadilah Siska Nuri Fadilah Soedarmodjo, Thea Prastiwi Soegiono, Soegiono Sri Gunani Partiwi Sri Gunani Partiwi Sugeng Winardi Sukma Rahma Sukma Rahma Sukmawati Rahma Tantular Nurtono Thea Prastiwi Soedarmodjo Tri Achmadi Tri Widjaja Winardi, Sugeng Yakub Hendrikson Manurung Yakub Hendrikson Manurung Yuliadi, M. Zaed Zaed Yuliadi Zaed Yuliadi, Zaed Zubaydi, Ahmad Zuhroh, Saiyyidah Tus