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Determination of Occupational Disease in Worker with Liver Cirrhosis That Exposed by Vinyl Chloride Superimposed with Hepatitis B Infection Dewi Sumaryani Soemarko; Aditya Agung Prasetyo
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (305.183 KB) | DOI: 10.53773/ijcom.v1i2.11.78-83

Abstract

Background: Liver cirrhosis is the final pathological result of various chronic liver diseases that characterized by the formation of regenerative nodules and fibrotic tissue. The etiology of liver cirrhosis are hepatitis C, hepatitis B, alcohol, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and can also be caused by chemicals in the workplace. The occupational diagnosis of Liver Cirrhosis that exposed by vinyl chloride superimposed with hepatitis B infection with was performed by using The Seven Steps of Occupational Diagnosis, a method that issued by PERDOKI (Indonesian Occupational Medicine Association-IOMA). The aim of this case report is to determine whether liver cirrhosis in this patient is an occupational disease or not.Case Presentation: Fifty years old man came to Emergency Room with complaints of vomiting black blood since 4 hours. Vomiting blood as much as 5 times with a volume of about 200 cc each time. One day before, patient admitted that his defecation is black, watery, and smell bloody. Volume of defecation was unknown. Three months before, patient complainted that the stomach often felt bloated, enlarged, and got full quickly. There was no icteric in eyes and body.This complaints (vomiting black blood and black stools) were often occured since 2017. In 2017, 2018 and 2020, this patient was hospitalized once while in 2019, the patient was hospitalized twice for this complaint. In 2017, when the complaint first appeared, the patient was declared to have hepatitis B and in 2019, the patient underwent an endoscopy and was said to have enlarged blood vessels in the esophagus, and an abdominal ultrasound was performed and was said to be suspected of liver cirrhosis.This patient works as a family owned chemical industry. The chemical produced is called zamitex, a mixture for paints. These chemicals contain formaldehyde, Vinyl Chloride, and CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose). This patient had worked in this field for 21 years, and was exposed to these chemicals. In addition, there are also dangers of heat, awkward positions, and psychosocial.Conclusion: Based on The Seven Steps of Occupational Diagnosis, Liver cirrhosis in this patient can be categorized as an occupational disease superimposed with hepatitis B infection. Liver cirrhosis in this patient can be caused by prolonged exposure to Vinyl Chloride. Vinyl Chloride is known to cause damage to the liver, especially to cause carcinoma of the liver. There is a synergistic effect between exposure to Vinyl Chloride and hepatitis B infection, exacerbating the condition of liver damage. However, because the exposure to Vinyl Chloride has been going on for a longer time, compared to hepatitis B infection, the condition of liver cirrhosis in this patient is still categorized as an occupational disease.
Occupational Stress and its Relation to Grave’s Disease Ade Mutiara; Dewi S Soemarko; Indah S Widyahening
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (165.386 KB) | DOI: 10.53773/ijcom.v1i2.14.72-7

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Background: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune thyroid gland disease that causes increased activity of the thyroid hormones. But, the mechanism by which the autoantibodies are generated is still unclear. Some theory suggests that daily life stress may be a risk factor that triggers Graves’ disease. The aim of this report is to enrol a systematically searching in order to get an answer about the risk factor of the Grave’s disease and the prevention measure.Methods: In this case report, a 47-year-old career woman with prominent occupational stress was diagnosed with Graves’ disease. Literature searching was done on database such as Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct with occupational stress, stressful life event, and Graves’ disease as the keywords. One article was selected and critically appraised. Results: One case-control study showed that patients with Graves’ disease had odds ratio (OR) of having stressful life events as big as 8.59; 95%CI = 2.35-20.80, and the number needed to harm (NNH) is 2.35.Conclusion: Occupational stress is a prominent risk factor for developing Graves’ disease. However, this is based on one article
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia In Farmer And Vegetable Seller Firly Ratsmita; Dewi S. Soemarko
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (54.133 KB) | DOI: 10.53773/ijcom.v1i2.22.84-8

Abstract

Background: One of the risk factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is chemical exposure at work. The aim is to determine the relationship between patient who work as a farmer and vegetable seller with the incidence of CLL.Case presentation: A-69-year-old man who has been working as a vegetable seller since 15 years and a chili farmer since 4 years ago. The patient was diagnosed with CLL. In his work as a vegetable seller and chili farmer, the patient gets five hazards ranging from physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial hazards so it is necessary to analyze whether there is a relationship between the patient’s work and the current CLL disease.Discussion: There are seven steps needed in the enforcement of occupational diseases. In addition, additional examinations are needed to determine the biomarkers of pesticides that can cause disease. This requires control for farmers and vegetable sellers who may be exposed to pesticides found in vegetables and chilies. Conclusion: Vegetable seller and farmer have potential hazards, especially chemicals contained in pesticides which have a risk relationship with the incidence of CLL. However, to cause CLL, sufficient doses are required which are influenced by occupation, intensity of use and the type of specific chemical without the need for a long duration of exposure.
Chronic Lower Back Pain and Its Relationship with Vibration Exposure and Sitting Duration; A Cross-Sectional Study Among Commercial Motorcycle Driver Bernath Siagian; Ambar W Roestam; Dewi S Soemarko; Sudadi Hirawan; Indah S Widyahening; Suryo Wibowo
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2022): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53773/ijcom.v1i3.30.154-61

Abstract

Background: Lower back pain (LBP) complaints are a health issue that may lead to restrictions on work activities. Motorcycles vibrations and long sitting duration on the motorcycles can cause chronic lower back pain complaints. Base motorcycles drivers receive motorcycles vibration exposure while riding a motorcycle. With the large number of base motorcycles drivers in Indonesia, the specific health problems (LBP complaints) in this group need to be examined.Methods: This research method uses a cross sectional study design to examine the relationship of motor vibration exposure and length of sitting to chronic low back pain with sampling technique used is Consecutive sampling. Consecutive sampling is a way of taking samples by selecting samples that meet the inclusion criteria until a certain time period so that the number of samples is met. The sampling period in this study is 2 days. The variables that measured were chronic lower back pain complaints, vibration, long sitting time, age, IMT, smoking, and working time. Data analysis using SPSS Statistics version 25.0. Results: A total of 95 subjects were included in this study. Based on Fisher’s test, the result of the correlation of chronic lower back pain complaints with motor vibrations > 0.5 m/s2 was obtained p = 0.102; OR = N / A). While for long sitting time of >4 hours result in p = 0.717; OR 0.85; CI 95% = 0.34-2.09. There is no difference in age-related chronic lower back pain complaints. At age> 35 years of age p = 0.722; OR 1.57; CI 95% = 0.31-7,9. No significant association between IMT and chronic lower back pain was found. In the IMT group> 25, p = 0.103 was obtained; OR 2.14; 95% CI = 0.85-5.36. There was no significant difference in chronic lower back pain complaints based on smoking status, where smoking group had p = 0.451; OR 1,45; CI 95% = 0.55-3.78. According to the Fisher test, there was no difference in chronic lower back pain complaints based on working age, where groups with> 4 years of work had a p = 0.908 value; OR 1.07; CI 95% = 0.31-3.91. Conclusion: In this study the hypothesis was rejected. There is no association between motorcycles vibration exposure and the occurrence of chronic lower back pain complaints in the base motorcycles driver in Bekasi city. There is no association long sitting time with the occurrence of chronic lower back pain complaints in the base motorcycles driver in Bekasi city.
The Association between Heat Exposure and Hydration Status Among Production Workers in Fish Processing Company Tenny Sutarto; Dewi S Soemarko; Slamet Ichsan
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2022): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53773/ijcom.v1i3.33.146-53

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Background: Hot work environment can cause various subjective and objective complaints for workers. When workers perform activities under hot work environment, their body will react by balancing the amount of heat received by the body from outside the body and the loss of water in the body. Hydration status is the condition achieving the balance between water intake and water discharge from the body. Bad hydration status or de-hydration can cause various changes in the body physiological functions. This study was intended to see the association between heat exposure and hydration among production workers in Fish Processing Company Sawangan, Depok.Method : A cross sectional study with 88 respondents, selected as a total sampling. The study was conducted on November 2017 until January 2018. Data analysis were used by SPSS version 20.0.Result: There is no significant difference between the specific gravity of urine before and after working (p=0.076). However, 37.5% of the workers had dehydration. There is a significant association between the work environment temperature and hydration status (p=0.002), and also between water intake and status of hydration (p=0.013). Work environment temperature is the most dominant risk factor to influence dehydration (p=0.000; OR= 9.305; 95%CI=2.727-31.748)Conclusions: There is a significant association between heat exposure and hydration status (p=0.000; OR=9.305). The number of workers that were exposed to heat and experienced dehydration is 33 people (37.5%). Water intake turns to be the individual factor that influences the status of hydration of the workers exposed to heat. The work factor that influences the hydration status of the workers is the work environment temperature.
Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in an informal porter Dewi S. Soemarko; Herlinah Herlinah
Universa Medicina Vol. 39 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2020.v39.207-211

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BackgroundUpper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is a rare condition, in which job-related arm movements and repetitive, forceful or overhead arm activities have been recognized as the predisposing factor for this condition. UEDVT can occur among informal porters. This report describes a case of UEDVT in an informal porter due to manual lifting of heavy goods and reviews the literature for occupational reports of this condition.Case descriptionA 35-year-old male informal porter presented with marked swelling, pain, and numbness of his right arm 3 days after a prolonged episode of lifting heavy goods. A Doppler ultrasound showed thrombosis in the right subclavian and axillary veins and laboratory tests found elevated D-dimer. Patient was diagnosed as having axillo-subclavian thrombosis and treated with low molecular-weight heparin. One month after the last follow-up, patient returned to work with modified capacity and after 3 months of return to work, patient was able to resume his regular duties without impairment or disability.ConclusionThe occupation of informal porter should be considered a risk factor for upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT), thus the occupational medicine physician should be aware of this condition in the context of manual workers. Detailed occupational history to aid the diagnosis and future risk assessment are needed, and education for preventing UEDVT should be provided to porters.
The Effect Of Cyclohexanone Exposure On Incidence Of Irritant Contact Dermatitis Denta Aditya Episana; Dewi Sumaryani Soemarko; Indah Suci Widyahening
The Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): ijcom
Publisher : ILUNI MKK FKUI and PRODI MKK FKUI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53773/ijcom.v2i1.47.48-57

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Background: Skin disorders or abnormalities occur in more than 35% of all occupational disorders. Contact dermatitis is the most recognized occupational disease in many countries (with irritant contact dermatitis accounting for 80% of the cases), yet these cases are often not reported. One of the causes of irritant contact dermatitis is Cyclohexanone, a chemical recognized as an oxidizing agent that can irritate the skin. This evidence-based case report aims to gather evidence about the effect of cyclohexanone exposure on the incidence of irritant contact dermatitis.Method: The case in this study is about a 37-year-old woman who worked as a logo printing operator in a shoe manufacturing company that is exposed to cyclohexanone and was diagnosed with irritant contact dermatitis. A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest and performed with the hand searching method. The inclusion criteria included systematic review study, cohort study, case-control study, cross-sectional study, irritant contact dermatitis, cyclohexanone, and occupational. Then, critically appraised using relevant criteria by the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine. Result: Three relevant cross-sectional studies were found through literature searching and are critically appraised. The estimate’s magnitude and precision regarding the association between the exposure and outcome in the first study cannot be assessed; the study only stated no statistically significant p-value in the prevalence of occupational skin dermatitis between departments and the examination between departments. The second study showed that workers with solvent chemical mixture exposure, including cyclohexane, are correlated with skin symptoms, dry or itchy skin on the hands or arms, POR 1.46 (95% CI 1.06-2.01), and redness on hands or arms, POR 1.50 (95% CI 1.09-2.70). In comparison, the third study showed that workers with a high dermal single exposure to cyclohexane have a higher risk for the incidence of hand dermatitis OR 2.15 (95% CI 0.59-7.95) without any statistical significance.Conclusion: The available evidence from cross-sectional studies did not prove an association between cyclohexanone exposure and irritant contact dermatitis in workers; only one study shows a significant association statistically. However, it is recommended to provide tools to prevent direct contact with the chemical; workers should also wear appropriate protective gloves to avoid occupational irritant contact dermatitis. A better study design such as cohort or case-control is needed to provide substantial evidence that cyclohexanone exposure can cause irritant contact dermatitis in workers.
Chronic Kidney Disease in Hospital Cooks Rita Ingewaty Wijaya; Dewi Sumaryani Soemarko
eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 10, No. 3 - Desember 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23886/ejki.10.125.271-5

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Chronic kidney disease is still a concern for health problems in Indonesia. Complications of chronic kidney disease include hypertension, cardiovascular disease, decreased kidney function to the end stage and even death. One of the potential dangers is heat, which not only causes the risk of kidney and cardiovascular health problems but it can also worsen the condition of the disease. Workplaces such as hospital kitchens have a risk of heat exposure. This shows the importance of fit-to-work assessment based on occupational medicine management. A 55-year-old cook worker with stage IV chronic kidney disease came to the hospital. The result from the last visit suggested that she had dyslipidemia and uncontrolled hypertension. We recommend the worker with job restrictions. She can still work in the nutrition department of the hospital but with restrictions on cooking duties. She can still work in the food filter and serving area. The goal of limiting work assignments is to maintain chronic kidney failure at stage IV. In addition, the hospital is also required to take control measures so that other workers do not have the risk of kidney disease health problems. Keywords: chronic kidney disease, cook, occupational medicine management
Urtikaria pada Perawat di Bangsal COVID-19: Laporan Kasus Rita Ingewaty Wijaya; Dewi Sumaryani Soemarko
Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 72 No 2 (2022): Journal of The Indonesian Medical Association - Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia, Vo
Publisher : PENGURUS BESAR IKATAN DOKTER INDONESIA (PB IDI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47830/jinma-vol.72.2-2022-676

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Introduction: Chlorhexidine is widely used in health centers as an antiseptic and disinfectant. Several cases of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine have been reported. Case report: We reported a case of a 26-year-old nurse working in Hospital X that came with a complaint of itch in several areas of the body that started four days before presenting at the hospital. The itch was continuously felt, and it started to form multiple large red bumps. Redness accompanied by dry skin was present between the fingers and palms. Cetirizine and dexamethasone did not relieve the symptoms. The patient has been working for six years in the inpatient unit and six months in the COVID-19 ward. Since the pandemic, she had been using alcohol-based hand rubs more frequently. The hospital uses chlorhexidine as an alcohol-based hand rub, which may cause hypersensitivity reactions to exposed health workers. The patient was finally diagnosed with acute urticaria. Based on the seven steps of occupational diagnosis of disease, it was still inconclusive whether the urticaria is an occupational disease because there was no data regarding the causal relationship between chlorhexidine exposure and the incidence of urticaria. Conclusion: Hence, it is necessary to carry out further diagnostic test with a puncture test. The hospital is still required to implement control measures toward chlorhexidine exposure.
Occupational skin cancer and precancerous lesions Raissa, Fifinela; Rahmayunita, Githa; Menaldi, Sri Linuwih; Soemarko, Dewi
Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology & Venereology Indonesia Vol. 1, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Occupational skin cancer and precancerous lesions are skin disorders caused by exposure to chemical carcinogens such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and arsenic, or radiation, such as ultraviolet light and ionizing light in the workplace. Annual increase in skin cancer incidence is believed to be related to various factors such as frequent intense sunlight exposure (i.e. at work, recreational activities, and sun-tanning habit), ozone depletion, an increase in number of geriatric population, and an increase of public awareness in skin cancer. The most common occupational skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Examples of occupational precancerous lesion of the skin are actinic keratosis and Bowen’s disease. Particular diagnostic criteria to diagnose occupational diseases has been developed. Early detection of occupational skin cancer and precancerous lesion is necessary. An effective prevention program consists of primary prevention such as prevention of hazardous material exposure, secondary prevention such as early detection of disease for early intervention, and tertiary prevention such as minimizing long-term impact of the disease.
Co-Authors -, Herqutanto Ade Mutiara Aditya Agung Prasetyo Agus Sugiharto Agustina, Amilya Ahmad Fuadi Ahmad Fuady Aldri Frinaldi Ambar Roestam Ambar W Roestam Amran Anggraeni, Caroline Anitasari Kusumawati Ari F Syam Aria Kekalih Arman, Fitri Arriz Akbar Sukadi Asep Barliana, Julie D. Bastaman Basuki Bernath Siagian Brastho Bramantyo Cahyono, Arie Denta Aditya Episana Desdiani, Desdiani Dewi Friska Dewi Yunia Fitria Dewi Yunia Fitriani Endang Parahyanti Ermita I. Ibrahim Evy Yunihastuti Faisal Yunus Ferdy Nurhadi Fifinela Raissa Finna Fitriana Firly Ratsmita Fita Rahmasari Fuk, Liem Jen Githa Rahmayunita Harahap, Ummi Chairani Herikurniawan, Herikurniawan Herlinah Herlinah Herqutanto - Herqutanto Herqutanto Herqutanto2 Imron Khazim Indah S. Widyahening Indri, Olieve Irwan Suhadi Isbayuputra, Marsen Iwan Sugiarta Iwan Susilo Joko Izzatul Abadiyah Khoe, Levina Chandra Kresna, Andreas Landauw, Martha Lim Jen Fuk Listya Tresnanti Mirtha, Listya Tresnanti Lusi Sandra Hutahaean Mardianto, Umar Mariska, Tara Candida Marsen Isbayu Putra Marsen Isbayuputra Mohammad Firmansyah Monintja, Keyne Christa Muchtaruddin Mansyur Muhammad Ilyas Muhammad Ilyas Muhammad Ilyas Muhammad Ilyas Mulyana Mulyana Mulyantini, Astri Novi Silvia Hardiany Nuri Purwito Adi Nuri Purwito Adi Nuri Purwito Adi Prihartanto, Joedo Priyono, Harim Pukovisa Prawiroharjo, Pukovisa Purnama, Ahmad Angga Putra, Marsen Isbayu Ray Wagiu Basrowi Restuti, Ratna Dwi Retno A. Werdhani Riani Dwianasari, Riani Rita Ingewaty Wijaya Rita Ingewaty Wijaya Rosady, Dony Septriana Salim, Stellon SEPTELIA INAWATI WANANDI Sjarifuddin, Citra Nurhayati Slamet Ichsan Sofyan, Marwan Sri L. Menaldi Sri Linuwih Susetyo Wardhani, Sri Linuwih Susetyo Sudadi Hirawan Tenny Sutarto Tri Mawanti, Wening Tukimun, Suci Tria Meirisa Vani Nur Pratami Wibowo, Suryo Wiraguna, Andrian Yessi Kualasari Yusuf, Prasandhya Astagiri Zarni Amri  Sugiarta,  Iwan