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Dewi Larasati, Dewi
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Journal : Sinergi

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A systematic review of methods for reducing embodied energy in building materials: a quantitative cradle-to-gate analysis Kautsar, Reihan Hafizah; Larasati, Dewi; Suhendri, Suhendri
SINERGI Vol 29, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.3.020

Abstract

Reducing embodied energy (EE) in building materials is a critical aspect of achieving sustainable building construction. Embodied energy refers to the total energy consumed in the extraction, processing, transportation, and manufacturing of building materials before they reach the construction site. In conventional buildings, total energy consumption is predominantly influenced by operational energy (OE), which includes energy used for heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation throughout the building’s lifespan. However, in energy-efficient buildings, the proportion of EE to total energy demand becomes more significant, sometimes equaling or surpassing OE. This shift highlights the growing importance of minimizing EE in sustainable building design. This study conducts a systematic review using the PRISMA framework, extracting relevant data from the Scopus database to categorize methods for reducing EE within cradle-to-gate systems. These methods are classified into three phases: the material phase, the construction method phase, and the design phase. The material phase includes three approaches: mixed material intervention, production process intervention, and material substitution. The construction method phase encompasses two approaches: building component substitution and process or method substitution. Finally, the design phase focuses on interventions at the building design level. Despite these classifications, the findings suggest that no single phase or approach demonstrates a significantly greater impact on EE reduction than the others. Each approach contributes comparably to reducing EE, highlighting that while notable progress has been made, the relative effectiveness of individual methods remains consistent across phases. Integrated approaches combining strategies across multiple phases hold promise for substantial reductions in EE, emphasizing the need for future research to refine and innovate these methodologies. 
Co-Authors Agirachman, Fauzan Alfi Anes, Anggun V. M. Annisa, Sri Rizqi Arditra, Arditra Askari, Heri Astri Proborini Aswanti, Coral Bambang Kunarto Bekti K, Endang Carissa Carissa, Carissa Dewanti, Lintang Dian Pratiwi Ekawati, Novya Ernaning Setiyowati Eva, Murtiari Fidia Fibriana fitriana, ika Hanson E. Kusuma Hanson Endra Kusuma Haslina Haslina Herina, Stefanus Junliem Nugratama Indah Widiastuti Indarto Indarto INDRAPRASTHA Aswin Ivada, Nursella Juliardi, Robby Dwiko K, Endang Bekti Kasman, Tamiya Miftau Saada Kautsar, Reihan Hafizah Khalid, Fikri Azmi Nur Kiki Zakiyatus Solihah, Kiki Zakiyatus Lestari, Netia Lestari, Rohmini Indah Lusianus Heronimus Sinyo Kelen Madina, Rizki Fitria Mardhiyana, Ghina Maulidha, Maulidha Mochamad Nursalim Monica, Risda Muhammad Iqbal Nana Kariada Trimartuti Naura, Yasintha Rahma Noveryna Dwika Reztrie Novizar Nazir Nurdian Susilowati Pangestu, Roiswahid Dimas Permana, Permana Prasetia, Sandy Pratiwi, Ery Prayudi, Wahyu Triya Puspitasari, Windhy Putri, Aldila Sagitaning Radhiah, Radhiah Reforma, Adira Damai Rifai, Julfian Rizal Sabrina, Jihan Safira, Annisa Sagitaning Putri, Aldila Saida Rahma, Fathati Salsabila, Adinda Sani, Elly Yuniarti Sarah Nadia, Sarah Sari, Siti Lusi Arum Siregar, Putri Romaito Slamat, Virginia Sobri, Hanif Sugeng Triyadi, Sugeng Suhendri Suhendri Sukmawati Anggraeni Putri, Sukmawati Anggraeni Sunarto Sunarto Sunyoto Sunyoto Suratman Suratman Suri, Anggun Tambunan, Lily Tirtadi, Sugeng TJAHJADI PURWOKO Triadi, Fajar Triyadi S., Sugeng Triyono Triyono Wardah, Zahratul Widiantoro, Fajar Widowati, Amerti Irvin Widowati, Eny Hari Wonorahardjo, Surjamanto Yudo, Hasan Yuli Budiati