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Pembuatan Bioplastik Dari Pati Ubi Kayu Berpenguat Nano Serat Jerami dan ZnO Amni, Chairul; Marwan, Marwan; Mariana, Mariana
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 5, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Production of biodegradable plastic film had been done using cassava starch which serves as a main raw material, distilled water as a solvent, as well as nano fiber straw, ZnO, and a mixture of nano fiber straw and ZnO that function as a reinforcement of bioplastic. Cassava starch was chosen as the raw material for making plastics because of easy to obtain and inexpensive, moreover the use is still very low when compared to other plants that as staple food stuffs, such as rice, corn, potatoes, wheat, and so forth. This research was aimed to make plastics that can reduce the environmental impact by looking at the effect of reinforcing the concentration used for the mechanical properties of the film, water absorption, and the decomposition rate of the plastic. The reinforcer used was nano fibers straw, ZnO, and a mixture of both with a concentration of 1%, 3%, 6%, and 9% of each reinforcer. Testing of mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation) used the Electronic System Universal Testing Machines, testing of water absorption was done by immersing the film in water for 24 hours, and testing of decomposition rate was done by burying the film into the ground. The results showed the highest tensile strength values was 0.32 kgf/mm2obtained at a concentration of 9% ZnO, whereas the highest percent elongation was 34% obtained at a concentration of 1% nano-fiber straw. The lowest water absorption was 16% obtained at a concentration of 9% ZnO. The highest absorption of water was 27.23% obtained at a concentration of 1% nano-fiber straw and the decomposition process occured for 18-27 days.ABSTRAKPembuatan film plastik biodegradable telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan pati ubi kayuÂ yang berfungsi sebagai bahan baku utama dan bahan-bahan lain yaitu aquades yang berfungsi sebagai pelarut, sertaÂ nano serat jerami, ZnO dan campuran dari serat jerami dan ZnO yang berfungsi sebagai penguat bioplastik. Pati ubi kayu dipilih sebagai bahan baku pembuatan plastik karena selain mudah didapat dan harganya murah, penggunaannya juga masih sangat minim jika dibandingkan dengan tumbuhan lainnya yang merupakan bahan makanan pokok masyarakat, seperti beras, jagung, kentang, gandum, dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat plastik yang dapat mengurangi dampak lingkungan dengan melihat pengaruh konsentrasi penguat yang digunakan terhadap sifat mekanikÂ film, daya serap air, dan laju penguraian dari plastik tersebut. PenguatÂ yang digunakan adalah serat jerami yang berukuran nano, ZnO dan campuran keduanyaÂ dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3%, 6%, dan 9% dari masing-masing penguat. Pengujian sifat mekanik (kuat tarik dan elongasi) menggunakan Electronic System Universal Testing Machines, pengujian daya serap air dilakukan dengan cara merendam film tersebut di dalam air selama 24 jam, dan pengujian laju penguraian dilakukan dengan cara menguburkan film ke dalam tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai kuat tarik tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi 9% ZnO yaitu 0,32 kgf/mm2, sebaliknya persen elongasi tertinggi diperolehÂ pada konsentrasi 1% nano serat jeramiÂ yaitu 34%. Daya serap air terendah yaitu 16% diperoleh pada konsentrasi 9% ZnO. Penyerapan air paling tinggi adalah 27,23% pada konsentrasi nano serat jerami 1% dan proses penguraian terjadi selama 18-27 hari.

PENETAPAN HARGA JUAL ES BALOK PADA PT. ES MUDA PERKASA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE TARGET PROFIT PRICING Amni, Chairul
Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 7, No 2 (2019): Agustus 2019
Publisher : Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics & Business

Company pricing must be very careful so that the price offered is not too expensive or cheap but still produces more profits for the company, but this becomes a weakness for the company if competitors are able to provide lower prices. PT. Es Muda Perkasa has a selling price that is considered sufficient to compete in the industrial world but the prices offered by PT. Es Muda Perkasa allegedly still low. It is certainly difficult for companies to be able to compete because the price determination applied is only based on estimates, so the prices set are not in accordance with production costs. Therefore the company needs to review the way of pricing strategies so that the benefits can be maximized. This study aims to determine the price of selling ice blocks by using profit pricing targets to get profits according to their production costs. The research method used in this study is to use a profit pricing target method that uses break-even analysis, where the company will not get profits and shortages of capital that has been spent. Data collection using the approach of observation, interviews, and literature study. The results of the study show that the price set by the company is still low at Rp. 16000; / stem compared to the price made by the Target Profit Pricing method which is the product cost of Rp. 18.496412 / stem assuming a profit of Rp.20,551 / stem for a profit of 10%, then Rp.21,760 / stem for a profit of 15% and Rp.23,120 / stem for a profit of 20%

ANALISIS BREAK EVENT POINT (BEP) PADA PT. ES MUDA PERKASA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI (HPP) Amni, Chairul; Indrayani, Indrayani
Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 8, No 1 (2020): Februari 2020
Publisher : Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics & Business

The survival of the company or the growth of the company, one part of the planning of profit planning profit used in the company is Break Even Point (BEP), which explains the relationship between costs, production volume, selling price in order to obtain the results of the company's research. This pricing is one of the determinants of competition in the market with similar industries. PT. Es Muda Perkasa is a company engaged in the industry of making ice blocks. In the competition, PT. Es Muda Perkasa has an approved selling price sufficient to compete in the industrial world but the prices offered by PT. Mighty Ice Young is still low. This is of course difficult for companies to be able to compete because the pricing that is applied is only based on estimation, so the price determined is not in accordance with production costs. Therefore the company needs to return to how the strategy of determining the price so that it can be achieved maximally, the determination and achievement of the BEP of the company can reach within a specified time. This study aims to analyze Break Event Point (BEP) at PT. Es Muda Perkasa, by determining the optimal selling price of ice blocks. The research method used in this study uses the calculation of event break-even points using the method of calculating the cost of production. Data collection using collection of observations, interviews, and literature studies. The results of the study showed break-even (break-even point) PT. Perkasa Es Muda after selling beam products as many as 2400 blocks with a turnover obtained for BEP amounting to Rp.605,812 with a selling price of ice blocks of Rp. 18.496 / stem.

Analysis of the Addition of CMC to Biodegradable Plastics from Banana Hump Amni, Chairul; Ismet, Ismet; Irmayanti, Irmayanti; Supardi, Joli; Miftahurrahmah, Miftahurrahmah
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research Vol 4, No 1 (2021): ICMR
Publisher : Universitas Serambi Mekkah

The use of banana hump flour as a raw material for making biodegradable plastic is an alternative to using banana starch plastic in an effort to reduce plastic waste. Bananas contain 66% carbohydrates, protein, water and essential minerals . To get biodegradable plastic, starch is added along with CMC (carboxy methylcellulose), glycerol and citronella oil as anti-bacterial and antioxidant. In this research, a research was conducted on the manufacture of biodegradable plastic mixture of starch, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), glycerol as a plasticizer and citronella oil by modifying CMC, glycerol and citronella oil. This study includes two variables, namely fixed variables and variable variables. Fixed variables include starch concentration with water 1:5, stirring speed 100 rpm and starch gelatinization temperature 70oC, while variables including CMC concentration include levels (5.5; 6.5 ; and 7.5) % (w/w), Citronella oil concentrations included (15; 20; and 25) % (w/v), and glycerol concentrations included (25; 35; and 45)% (w/v). This study aims to determine the effect of adding CMC citronella oil and glycerol as a plasticizer to the mechanical properties, morphology, and biodegradability tests , as well as the antioxidant activity of the resulting plastic . The results of this study indicate that biodegradable plastic has a tensile strength value of 0.210.38 kgf/mm2; elongation value between 16.3-54.20%; Morphological examination showed that the surface of the plastic was smooth and the plastic completely decomposed in the soil within 27 days. Keywords: Biodegradable plastic, CMC, banana starch.

Analisis Penambahan Carboxy Methyl Cellulose Pada Plastik Biodegradable Dari Bonggol Pisang Chairul Amni; Joli Supardi; Irma Irmayanti; Miftah Miftaurrahmah
Jurnal Mekanova : Mekanikal, Inovasi dan Teknologi Vol 7, No 2 (2021): Oktober
Publisher : universitas teuku umar

Penggunaan tepung bonggol pisang sebagai bahan baku pembuatan plastik biodegradable merupakan salah satu alternatif penggunaan plastik pati pisang dalam upaya mengurangisampah plastik. Pisang mengandung 66% karbohidrat, protein, air dan mineral penting. Untuk mendapatkan plastik biodegradable, ditambahkan pati bersama dengan CMC (carboxy methylcellulose), gliserol dan minyak sereh sebagai anti bakteri dan antioksidan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan plastik biodegradable campuran pati, CMC, gliserol sebagai plasticizer dan minyak sereh dengan memodifikasi CMC, gliserol dan minyak sereh. Penelitian ini mencakup dua variabel, yaitu variabel tetap dan variabel. Variabel tetap meliputi konsentrasi pati dengan udara 1:5, kecepatan pengadukan 100 rpm dan suhu gelatinisasi pati 70oC, sedangkan variabel yang meliputi konsentrasi CMC meliputi kadar (5,5; 6 ,5; dan 7,5 ) % (b/b), sereh wangi konsentrasi minyak termasuk (15; 20; dan 25) % (b/v), dan konsentrasi gliserol termasuk (25; 35; dan 45)% (b/v). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose), minyak sereh dan gliserol sebagai plasticizer terhadap sifat mekanik, morfologi,dan uji biodegradabilitas , serta aktivitas antioksidan plastik yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa plastik biodegradable memiliki nilai kuat tarik sebesar 0,210,38 kgf/mm2; nilai elongasi antara 16 , 3 - 54,20%; Pemeriksaan morfologi menunjukkan bahwa permukaan plastik halus dan plastik terurai sempurna dalam tanah dalam waktu 27 hari. Kata kunci - biodegradable plasti k , CMC , Minyak Sereh, Pati Pisang.

Pembuatan Bioplastik Dari Pati Ubi Kayu Berpenguat Nano Serat Jerami dan ZnO Chairul Amni; Marwan Marwan; Mariana Mariana
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 5, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Production of biodegradable plastic film had been done using cassava starch which serves as a main raw material, distilled water as a solvent, as well as nano fiber straw, ZnO, and a mixture of nano fiber straw and ZnO that function as a reinforcement of bioplastic. Cassava starch was chosen as the raw material for making plastics because of easy to obtain and inexpensive, moreover the use is still very low when compared to other plants that as staple food stuffs, such as rice, corn, potatoes, wheat, and so forth. This research was aimed to make plastics that can reduce the environmental impact by looking at the effect of reinforcing the concentration used for the mechanical properties of the film, water absorption, and the decomposition rate of the plastic. The reinforcer used was nano fibers straw, ZnO, and a mixture of both with a concentration of 1%, 3%, 6%, and 9% of each reinforcer. Testing of mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation) used the Electronic System Universal Testing Machines, testing of water absorption was done by immersing the film in water for 24 hours, and testing of decomposition rate was done by burying the film into the ground. The results showed the highest tensile strength values was 0.32 kgf/mm2obtained at a concentration of 9% ZnO, whereas the highest percent elongation was 34% obtained at a concentration of 1% nano-fiber straw. The lowest water absorption was 16% obtained at a concentration of 9% ZnO. The highest absorption of water was 27.23% obtained at a concentration of 1% nano-fiber straw and the decomposition process occured for 18-27 days.ABSTRAKPembuatan film plastik biodegradable telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan pati ubi kayu yang berfungsi sebagai bahan baku utama dan bahan-bahan lain yaitu aquades yang berfungsi sebagai pelarut, serta nano serat jerami, ZnO dan campuran dari serat jerami dan ZnO yang berfungsi sebagai penguat bioplastik. Pati ubi kayu dipilih sebagai bahan baku pembuatan plastik karena selain mudah didapat dan harganya murah, penggunaannya juga masih sangat minim jika dibandingkan dengan tumbuhan lainnya yang merupakan bahan makanan pokok masyarakat, seperti beras, jagung, kentang, gandum, dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat plastik yang dapat mengurangi dampak lingkungan dengan melihat pengaruh konsentrasi penguat yang digunakan terhadap sifat mekanik film, daya serap air, dan laju penguraian dari plastik tersebut. Penguat yang digunakan adalah serat jerami yang berukuran nano, ZnO dan campuran keduanya dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3%, 6%, dan 9% dari masing-masing penguat. Pengujian sifat mekanik (kuat tarik dan elongasi) menggunakan Electronic System Universal Testing Machines, pengujian daya serap air dilakukan dengan cara merendam film tersebut di dalam air selama 24 jam, dan pengujian laju penguraian dilakukan dengan cara menguburkan film ke dalam tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai kuat tarik tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi 9% ZnO yaitu 0,32 kgf/mm2, sebaliknya persen elongasi tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi 1% nano serat jerami yaitu 34%. Daya serap air terendah yaitu 16% diperoleh pada konsentrasi 9% ZnO. Penyerapan air paling tinggi adalah 27,23% pada konsentrasi nano serat jerami 1% dan proses penguraian terjadi selama 18-27 hari.

PENETAPAN HARGA JUAL ES BALOK PADA PT. ES MUDA PERKASA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE TARGET PROFIT PRICING Chairul Amni
Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 7, No 2 (2019): Agustus 2019
Publisher : Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics & Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jak.v7i2.1842

Company pricing must be very careful so that the price offered is not too expensive or cheap but still produces more profits for the company, but this becomes a weakness for the company if competitors are able to provide lower prices. PT. Es Muda Perkasa has a selling price that is considered sufficient to compete in the industrial world but the prices offered by PT. Es Muda Perkasa allegedly still low. It is certainly difficult for companies to be able to compete because the price determination applied is only based on estimates, so the prices set are not in accordance with production costs. Therefore the company needs to review the way of pricing strategies so that the benefits can be maximized. This study aims to determine the price of selling ice blocks by using profit pricing targets to get profits according to their production costs. The research method used in this study is to use a profit pricing target method that uses break-even analysis, where the company will not get profits and shortages of capital that has been spent. Data collection using the approach of observation, interviews, and literature study. The results of the study show that the price set by the company is still low at Rp. 16000; / stem compared to the price made by the Target Profit Pricing method which is the product cost of Rp. 18.496412 / stem assuming a profit of Rp.20,551 / stem for a profit of 10%, then Rp.21,760 / stem for a profit of 15% and Rp.23,120 / stem for a profit of 20%

ANALISIS BREAK EVENT POINT (BEP) PADA PT. ES MUDA PERKASA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI (HPP) Chairul Amni; Indrayani Indrayani
Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 8, No 1 (2020): Februari 2020
Publisher : Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics & Business

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jak.v8i1.2327

The survival of the company or the growth of the company, one part of the planning of profit planning profit used in the company is Break Even Point (BEP), which explains the relationship between costs, production volume, selling price in order to obtain the results of the company's research. This pricing is one of the determinants of competition in the market with similar industries. PT. Es Muda Perkasa is a company engaged in the industry of making ice blocks. In the competition, PT. Es Muda Perkasa has an approved selling price sufficient to compete in the industrial world but the prices offered by PT. Mighty Ice Young is still low. This is of course difficult for companies to be able to compete because the pricing that is applied is only based on estimation, so the price determined is not in accordance with production costs. Therefore the company needs to return to how the strategy of determining the price so that it can be achieved maximally, the determination and achievement of the BEP of the company can reach within a specified time. This study aims to analyze Break Event Point (BEP) at PT. Es Muda Perkasa, by determining the optimal selling price of ice blocks. The research method used in this study uses the calculation of event break-even points using the method of calculating the cost of production. Data collection using collection of observations, interviews, and literature studies. The results of the study showed break-even (break-even point) PT. Perkasa Es Muda after selling beam products as many as 2400 blocks with a turnover obtained for BEP amounting to Rp.605,812 with a selling price of ice blocks of Rp. 18.496 / stem.

ANALISA SISTEM PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU PADA INDUSTRI BINTANG PRIMA ACEH BESAR Chairul Amni; Teuku Zulfadli
Jurnal Geuthèë: Penelitian Multidisiplin Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Geuthee : Penelitian Multidisiplin
Publisher : Geuthèë Institute, Aceh

Perencanaan persediaan bahan baku merupakan salah satu peranan yang sangat penting dalam dunia industri untuk meningkatkan permintaan pasar. Sebuah perencanaan produksi akan berjalan dengan baik jika di dukung dengan adanya persediaan bahan baku yang memadai. Persediaan bahan baku juga memberikan kontribusi biaya yang cukup besar sehingga komponen biaya ini juga perlu untuk dikendalikan. Melihat pentingnya fungsi perencanaan produksi dan pengendalian persediaan bahan baku, maka perlu adanya usaha untuk mengelolanya secara efisien untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Perencanaan bahan baku merupakan hal yang sangat penting dilakukan untuk mendukung proses produksi, sehingga tidak terjadi masalah seperti keterlambatan pengiriman barang kepada konsumen, dan pemborosan biaya bahan baku. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sistem pengendalian bahan baku yang diterapkan serta untuk mengetahui jumlah ekonomis bahan baku pada setiap kali pemesanan yang di analisis dengan menggunakan metode EOQ (Economic Order Quantity). Dari penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode EOQ dalam pemesanan bahan baku jauh lebih optimal dan efisien dibanding metode yang selama ini diterapkan, terlihat dari selisih total biaya pemesanan bahan baku pada tepung mencapai 1,21% (404.950 rupiah) selisih pada bahan baku gula 0,02% (4.450 rupiah) dan selisih biaya pada pemesanan ragi dan garam sebesar 14,31% yaitu sebesar Rp. 82.500 untuk Ragi dan Rp. 8.250 untuk selisih pemesanan garam. dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode EOQ mempuanyai hasil baik dalam melakukan pemesanan bahan baku sehingga bahan baku untuk produksi tidak mengalami penumpukan dan tidak mengalami kekosongan dalam gudang

ANALISA SISTEM PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU PADA INDUSTRI BINTANG PRIMA ACEH BESAR Chairul Amni; Rita Astarina
Jurnal Biology Education Vol 8, No 1 (2020): Edisi Maret 2020
Publisher : Universitas Serambi Mekkah

Perencanaan persediaan bahan baku merupakan salah satu peranan yang sangat penting dalam dunia industri untuk meningkatkan permintaan pasar. Sebuah perencanaan produksi akan berjalan dengan baik jika di dukung dengan adanya persediaan bahan baku yang memadai. Persediaan bahan baku juga memberikan kontribusi biaya yang cukup besar sehingga komponen biaya ini juga perlu untuk dikendalikan. Melihat pentingnya fungsi perencanaan produksi dan pengendalian persediaan bahan baku, maka perlu adanya usaha untuk mengelolanya secara efisien untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Perencanaan bahan baku merupakan hal yang sangat penting dilakukan untuk mendukung proses produksi, sehingga tidak terjadi masalah seperti keterlambatan pengiriman barang kepada konsumen, dan pemborosan biaya bahan baku. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sistem pengendalian bahan baku yang diterapkan serta untuk mengetahui jumlah ekonomis bahan baku pada setiap kali pemesanan yang di analisis dengan menggunakan metode EOQ (Economic Order Quantity). Dari penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode EOQ dalam pemesanan bahan baku jauh lebih optimal dan efisien dibanding metode yang selama ini diterapkan, terlihat dari selisih total biaya pemesanan bahan baku pada tepung mencapai 1,21% (404.950 rupiah) selisih pada bahan baku gula 0,02% (4.450 rupiah) dan selisih biaya pada pemesanan ragi dan garam sebesar 14,31% yaitu sebesar Rp. 82.500 untuk Ragi dan Rp. 8.250 untuk selisih pemesanan garam. dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode EOQ mempuanyai hasil baik dalam melakukan pemesanan bahan baku sehingga bahan baku untuk produksi tidak mengalami penumpukan dan tidak mengalami kekosongan dalam gudang.

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