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Hubungan Frekuensi Gen Knock-Down Resistance (KDR) V1016G, V410L, dan F1534C dengan Tingkat Resistensi Populasi Aedes aegypti di Denpasar, Bali Erly Sintya; Kartika Sari; Ni Wayan Widhidewi; Ni Made Hegard Sukmawati; Ni Putu Diah Witari; Tangking Widarsa
Jurnal Vektor Penyakit Vol 15 No 2 (2021): Edisi Desember
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Donggala, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/vektorp.v15i2.4907

Abstract

ABSTRACT Insecticides are used to reduce the number of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, a vector of the dengue virus that causes dengue hemorrhagic fever in Indonesia, including in Bali. However, in recent years, the resistance of the Ae. aegypti mosquito to insecticides has been reported in Bali. In addition, Ae. aegypti is also identified to be resistant to several types of insecticides whose resistance mechanism is not yet clear. Several studies have stated that the KDR genes are one of the causes of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the frequency of the KDR genes in the Ae. aegypti population in Denpasar, Bali which had been previously shown resistance to permethrin (type of pyrethroid). Forty-three females Ae. aegypti specimens from bioassay testing using permethrin stored in tubes containing 100% ethanol were used in this study. Each mosquito is put in a different tube. The mosquito DNA was then extracted. Three KDR genes, V1016G, V410L, and F1534C, were analyzed using the quantitative-PCR melt curve method at the Biomolecular Laboratory, FKIK Unwar. In this study, the mutation frequency of 1016G was 98%, 410L was 50%, and 1534C was 3.4%. The 410L mutant gene was shared by all specimens, although only in one allele (heterozygous). Of the 43 specimens, 39 had homozygous mutant V1016G, heterozygous V410L, and wild typehomozygous F1534C. It indicated that the frequency of the 1016G and 410L mutant genes is quite high, while the 1534C gene is low. The combination of the KDR 1016G and 410L genes was the most dominant found in permethrin-resistant Ae. aegypti specimens. Therefore, it is assumed that these two KDR genes play a role in forming permethrin resistance in Ae. aegypti. ABSTRAK Insektisida digunakan untuk menurunkan jumlah nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang merupakan vektor virus dengue penyebab penyakit demam berdarah dengue di Indonesia, termasuk di Bali. Namun, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, resistensi nyamuk Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida dilaporkan sudah terjadi di Bali. Selain itu, Ae. aegypti juga dilaporkan resisten terhadap beberapa jenis insektisida yang mekanisme terjadinya resistensi belum diketahui. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa gen KDR menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya mekanisme resistensi terhadap insektisida golongan peritroid. Oleh sebab itu, dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui frekuensi gen KDR pada populasi Ae. aegypti di Denpasar, Bali yang sebelumnya telah terbukti memiliki resistensi permetrin (insektisida golongan peritroid). Sebanyak 43 spesimen Ae. aegypti betina hasil dari pengujian bioassay yang tersimpan dalam tabung yang berisi etanol 100% digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Tiap nyamuk dimasukkan dalam tabung yang berbeda. Selanjutnya dilakukan ekstraksi DNA nyamuk. Tiga jenis gen KDR, yaitu V1016G, V410L, and F1534C, dianalisis dengan metode quantitative-PCR melt curve di Laboratorium Biomolekuler FKIK Unwar. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan frekuensi mutasi 1016G sebesar 98%, 410L 50%, dan 1534C sebesar 3,4%. gen mutan 410L dimiliki oleh seluruh spesimen walaupun hanya pada salah satu alel (heterozigot). Dari 43 spesimen yang diteliti, terdapat 39 spesimen yang memiliki profil genotip V1016G homosigot mutan, V410L heterosigot, dan F1534C homosigot wild type. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa frekuensi gen mutan 1016G dan 410L cukup tinggi, sedangkan gen 1534C rendah. Kombinasi gen KDR 1016G dan 410L paling dominan ditemukan pada spesimen Ae. aegypti resisten permetrin. Kedua gen KDR diasumsikan berperan dalam pembentukan resistensi permetrin pada Ae. aegypti.
Pemberdayaan Kelompok Ibu PKK Desa Bresela dalam Peningkatan Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang untuk Pencegahan Stunting Anak Agung Gede Budhitresna; Sri Ratna Dewi; Ayu Savitri Siskayani; Kartika Sari
JURNAL SEWAKA BHAKTI Vol 8 No 1 (2022): Sewaka Bhakti
Publisher : UNHI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32795/jsb.v8i1.2260

Abstract

Stunting is a linear growth disorder caused by chronic nutrient intake malnutrition and or chronic or recurrent infectious diseases as indicated by a z-score for height for age (TB/U) less than -2 standard deviations (SD) based on World Health Organization standards (WHO). Stunting describes chronic undernutrition status during growth and development since early life. The prevalence of stunting in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province in 2013 was 40.99%. One of the 10 villages at the locus of stunting in Gianyar Regency is Bresela Village. The main factor causing stunting in Gianyar district based on data verification from the District Health Office. Gianyar, among others: smoking habits, personal hygiene in food preparation, level of adequacy of vitamin A, and availability of clean water. The problems that are often found are the lack of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the community regarding balanced nutrition and stunting in toddlers, therefore, together with partners, community empowerment is carried out through counseling about balanced nutrition as an effort to prevent stunting. Based on the pre and posttest evaluations, it was found that the knowledge of the PKM partners had increased from before and after the education had increased significantly (p value = 0.000).
APLIKASI miRNA SEBAGAI BIOMARKER IDENTIFIKASI PADA INVESTIGASI FORENSIK Ni Luh Putu Eka Kartika Sari; Vira Saamia; Novitasari Novitasari; Mala Kurniati
Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 9, No 4 (2022): Volume 9 Nomor 4
Publisher : Prodi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/jikk.v9i4.8697

Abstract

Mikro RNA (miRNA) adalah molekul RNA non-coding yang mengandung 18-24 nukleotida yang sangat terkonservasi dan terlibat dalam pengaturan banyak mekanisme biokimia dalam tubuh manusia. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa miRNA dapat bertindak sebagai penanda dalam beragam identifikasi forensik dalam mengidentifikasi penentuan waktu kematian, cairan tubuh, vitalitas luka, dan bidang forensik lainnya. miRNA dalam cairan tubuh dan jaringan diketahui meningkat akibat patofisiologi yang berubah. Studi tentang miRNA pada bidang forensik menjadi hal menarik ditelusuri karena stabilitas dan spesifisitasnya sehingga dapat menjawab secara definitif informasi penting yang diperlukan untuk penyelidikan dan penuntutan, seperti asal cairan sampel yang diperiksa. Karakteristik miRNA sebagai penanda molekuler forensik selaras dengan ketahanannya terhadap degradasi sehingga cocok sebagai penandaendogen. Namun, kurangnya protokol dalam pengujian forensik secara ilmiah dan rendahnya studi pada penanda molekuler ini dalam biologi forensik memerlukan analisis literatur ilmiah mengenai penggunaan forensik miRNA.
Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan Kesehatan Siswa-Siswi Sekolah melalui Program Bina Sekolah Sehat: Adaptasi Pandemi COVID-19 Ni Ketut Witri Cahyani; I Putu Jaya Suputra; Meilla Ayu Suryaningsih; Pande Ayu Naya Kasih Permatananda; Ni Luh Putu Eka Kartika Sari
Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Vol 8 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat
Publisher : Universitas Mathla'ul Anwar Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30653/jppm.v8i2.391

Abstract

Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada banyak aspek kehidupan di seluruh dunia, termasuk pendidikan. Mengawali sistem pembelajaran tatap muka setelah dua tahun menghadapi pandemi menyebabkan diperlukannya usaha besar untuk beradaptasi dan mempersiapkan diri maupun fasilitas dalam menunjang pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, tim Bina Sekolah Sehat (BSS) 2022 menawarkan suatu kegiatan pemberian materi edukasi dan simulasi ke beberapa sekolah binaan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa sekolah binaan terkait materi yang dibawakan. Metode pelaksanaanya berupa screening lingkungan dan kesehatan mental, penyuluhan terkait materi pengenalan Unit Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS) dan dokter kecil, perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS), kesehatan lingkungan, kesehatan reproduksi, dan kesehatan mental. Kemudian, ditutup dengan follow up untuk mengetahui kondisi sekolah setelah terlaksanannya kegiatan. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 138 siswa/i dan keberhasilannya terlihat dari hasil post-test yang memuaskan. Melalui kegiatan BSS 2022, diharapkan dapat menjadi wadah untuk mengenalkan kembali materi-materi yang sebelumnya belum efektif diberikan selama pandemi sekaligus menjadi awal untuk keberlanjutan program tersebut. The pandemic of COVID-19 has impacted many aspects of life around the world, including education. Going back to face-to-face learning system after facing a pandemic for two years needed a large effort to adapt and prepare either ourselves or the facilities to support learning. Therefore the 2022 Bina Sekolah Sehat (BSS) team offered an activity to provide educational material and simulations to several schools. This activity aimed to increase the knowledge of those selected school regarding materials presented. The method of implementation was in the form of environmental and mental health screening, counseling related to the introduction of Unit Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS) and mini doctors, clean and healthy living behaviors, environmental health, reproductive health, and mental health. Then it was closed by following up to determine how the program could impact those targeted schools. The participation in this activity was 138 students and its success could be seen from the satisfactory post-test results. Through the 2022 BSS activities, it was hoped that it could be a forum for reintroducing materials that were previously ineffective during the pandemic as well as being the beginning of the sustainability of the program.
Effect of Moringa Leaves and Jackfruit Seeds as Rice Substitute to Reduce Blood Glucose Levels in Mice I Gusti Ngurah Agung Adi Primantara; Komang Astri Mahadewi; I Gede Aditya Arimbawa; Marvel Alden Muljosaputro; Komang Dinda Bagus Putra Suryawan; Putu Nia Calista Santoso; Ni Luh Putu Eka Kartika Sari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1419-1426

Abstract

Most Indonesians consume white rice, which has a high Glycemic Index (GI). Eating foods with high GI can lead to the occurrence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). DM is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Alternative solutions are needed to overcome diabetes mellitus, one of which is by using rice substitute which has a low Glycemic Index (GI). Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) and jackfruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus lam.) contain flavonoids that have the potential to be used as ingredients for making rice substitute. Flavonoids function to increase antioxidant enzymes, neutralize free radicals, lower blood sugar, overcome fatigue, and protect insulin-producing pancreatic ß cells. This study aims to analyze the content, physical and chemical characteristics, and antidiabetic activity of innovative rice substitute. In this study, an rice substitute formulation was made from Moringa flour: jackfruit flour in the ratio of 3:1 (P1), 1:1 (P2), and 1:3 (P3). Analog rice was tested on mice which were divided into five groups, namely positive control, negative control, and a combination of extracts P1, P2, and P3. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 25 software. The results obtained showed that the rice substitute formulations P1, P2, and P3 were able to reduce blood sugar in mice, but P2 best reduced blood sugar, which was 11 mg/dL and 22 mg/dL.
Prevalensi Ekspresi Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pada Karsinoma Penis Gede Khrisnanda Arya Dharma; Desak Putu Oki Lestari; Ni Wayan Armerinayanti; Ni Luh Putu Eka Kartika Sari
Aesculapius Medical Journal Vol 1 No 1 (2021): October
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.1.1.2021.38-44

Abstract

Abstract[Prevalence of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Expression in Penis Carcinoma] Penile cancer is a malignancy in men, which is the highest in Bali compared to other regions in Indonesia. About 95% of malignancies in the penis are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The development of cancer therapy has now reached targeted therapy, while there has not been much research on penile cancer. Targeted therapy based on EGFR overexpression has developed and has been used as individual therapy, especially in lung cancer. This study aims to determine the expression of EGFR in the SCC of the penis. This study is a descriptive observational study to determine the prevalence of EGFR expression from immunohistochemical examination, tumor cells stained with intense brown color surrounding the entire tumor cell membrane. The results of the study of 141 samples of penile squamous cell carcinoma taken from biopsies, partial penectomy, and total penectomy. The prevalence of EGFR expression that was stained positively in penile cancer tumor cells was 8 cases (5.7%) with the highest age distribution in the age group 41-60 years as many as 66 cases (46.8%). Knowledge of EGFR overexpression in penile cancer can be used to reference anti-EGFR administration, especially in advanced penile cancer.
Gambaran Penggunaan Terapi Kombinasi Oral Metformin-Sulfonilurea pada Pasien DM Tipe 2 di Denpasar Ida Ayu Amanda Dewi Wikannanda; Ni Luh Putu Eka Kartika Sari; Anak Agung Sri Agung Aryastuti
Aesculapius Medical Journal Vol 3 No 2 (2023): June
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.3.2.2023.224-232

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem in the form of metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Management of T2DM includes pharmacological therapy with oral antidiabetic drugs, either monotherapy or combination therapy. Metformin and sulfonylureas combination therapy is the most common therapy given to T2DM patients in Indonesia, but studies on the use of this combination are limited. This study aims to provide an illustration of the use of metformin-sulfonylureas oral combination therapy in T2DM patients in Denpasar. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, which was conducted in RSUD Bali Mandara, RSUD Wangaya Denpasar, and RSU Puri Raharja, using data from medical records from January 2020 – August 2021. The total amount of sample is 80 samples. Data that has been analyzed univariately is presented as narratives and tables. The characteristic of the samples includes age 46-65 years (73.8%), female gender (51.2%), having high school education (58.8%), working as private employee (50%), DM duration of 1-4 years (56.3%), and having 2-3 comorbidities (62.5%) with the most common comorbidity being hypertension (58.8%). Result showed that metformin-glimepiride was the most used type of metformin-sulfonylurea combination therapy among samples (90%), with the most used doses were 500 mg of metformin twice daily and 2 mg of glimepiride once daily (17,5%). Most of the samples have controlled level of FBG (60%), dominated by samples who used metformin-glimepiride combination therapy (63,9%). Metformin-glimepiride combination is the most common oral combination therapy due to better safety profile and ability to manage glucose levels than other sulfonylureas.
Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan dengan Kualitas Tidur pada Mahasiswa Tahap Pre-Klinik dalam Menghadapi Ujian Blok di Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Warmadewa Ni Made Aninda Febriyanti; Putu Asih Primatanti; Ni Luh Putu Eka Kartika Sari
Aesculapius Medical Journal Vol 3 No 2 (2023): June
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.3.2.2023.164-170

Abstract

Anxiety is a mental problem that is often experienced by medical students which can be interpreted as feeling worried and unable to perform obligations. The academic obligations that medical students have to perform such as block exams encountered are the initial triggers for anxiety that affect sleep quality. Sustained anxiety will affect the quality of student sleep, resulting in impaired physiological and psychological balance. This research aims to analyze the correlation between anxiety level and sleep quality of pre-clinical students when facing block exams in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Science of Warmadewa University. This research applied analytical study design using cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique was using proportional random sampling approach. The sample of the research covered 227 students of medical education. The instruments of this research were Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) dan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The data analysis techniques employed within this research were univariate and bivariate analyses using the Rank Spearman test. The result of the analysis shows that out of the 227 samples; 146 respondents (64.3) indicated no anxiety, 44 respondents (19.4%) indicated mild anxiety, 19 respondents (9.3%) indicated moderate anxiety, and 14 respondents indicated (6.2%) severe anxiety. In terms of sleep quality; 67 respondents (29.5%) indicated good sleep quality and 160 respondents (70.5%) indicated poor sleep quality. The results of the Rank Spearman test analysis showed the value of p = 0.006 which means that p<0.05. So it can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between anxiety level and sleep quality of pre-clinical students when facing block exams.
Hubungan antara Durasi Penggunaan Komputer dengan Kelelahan Mata pada Pegawai Bank BPD Cabang Utama Denpasar Ni Made Adinda Sadhana Pramadani; Ni Wayan Rusni; Ni Luh Putu Eka Kartika Sari
Aesculapius Medical Journal Vol 4 No 1 (2024): February
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.4.1.2024.9-15

Abstract

[Correlation between Duration of Computer Use and Eye Fatigue in Employees of BPD Bank Main Branch Denpasar] Eye fatigue is a condition when the eye muscles are overworked beyond their capacity, especially when looking at close objects for a long time. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of eye fatigue in the world ranges from 40% to 90%. One activity that often causes eyestrain is computer use. This condition can be affected by individual and environmental factors, and will induce the symptoms such as headaches, blurry vision, sore eyes, and other related symptoms. The purpose of this research is to investigate the correlation between the duration of computer use and eye fatigue among the employees of the BPD Bank Main Branch in Denpasar. This research was held from November 2022 until February 2023. The method used for this research was the cross-sectional analytic method. Purposive sampling was used to collect samples, and 88 samples were obtained from employees of the BPD Bank Main Branch in Denpasar. The data collection that used was the Visual Fatigue Index (VFI) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test (p < 0.05). The result showed that the prevalence of computer use duration was ≤ 4 hours (12,5%) and > 4 hours (87,5%). The prevalence of eye fatigue was 67%. The chi-square test results obtained a p-value = 0.021, indicating a significant correlation between the duration of computer use and eye fatigue in employees of the BPD Bank Main Branch in Denpasar. Based on the results obtained, the company needs to conduct an evaluation regarding the duration of work to minimize eye fatigue and improve working comfort for employees.
Hubungan Kecanduan Media Sosial Dengan Kualitas Tidur Mahasiswa Universitas Warmadewa Angkatan 2021 Ida Ayu Dinda Pradnyaswari Kartha; Ni Luh Putu Eka Kartika Sari; I Made Pariartha
Aesculapius Medical Journal Vol 5 No 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.5.1.2025.1-9

Abstract

Significant advancements have been made in the fields of technology, information, and communication throughout this millennium, particularly in the use of social media. The increased use of social media has led to addiction among adolescents, which affects their sleep quality, especially among university students. This study aims to evaluate the respondents' profiles, sleep quality, level of social media dependency, and the relationship between excessive social media use and sleep quality among students of Warmadewa University from the 2021 cohort. An analytical study with a cross-sectional design was employed. The research was conducted at Warmadewa University over a period of four months. A total of 387 participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 with Chi-square tests. The findings showed that the majority of respondents were 21 years old (39.0%), female (58.9%), and predominantly from the Faculty of Engineering and Planning (21.7%). Regarding sleep quality, most respondents had good sleep quality (77.0%). The level of social media addiction was dominated by the mild category (74.7%), followed by severe (15.8%) and moderate (9.6%) categories. The correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between social media addiction and sleep quality (p < 0.05).