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All Journal MKGK (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Klinik) (Clinical Dental Journal) UGM Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Hearty : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Dentin JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI Abdi Dosen : Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Bubungan Tinggi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Conservative Dentistry Journal Jurnal Hukum dan Etika Kesehatan (JHEK) Promotor: Jurnal Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society
Yessy Andriani Fauziah
Universitas Ciputra Surabaya
Religion Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Dentistry Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Mandibular gonial angle characteristics for age and sex estimation: a cross-sectional study Fauziah, Yessy Andriani; Darmadi, Eveline Yulia; Parmasari, Wahyuni Dyah; Ritunga, Imelda; Wahjuningrum, Dian Agustin; Alghazaly, Farouk
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 38, No 2 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol38no2.69606

Abstract

Introduction: The mandibular gonial angle is a craniofacial parameter that reflects anatomical adaptation influenced by growth processes, masticatory function, and sexual dimorphism, making it relevant for age and sex estimation. This parameter has been widely applied in dental and craniofacial studies. However, evidence from community based Indonesian populations remains limited. Population specific data are important for improving the accuracy and applicability of craniofacial indicators. This study aimed to evaluate mandibular gonial angle characteristics for age and sex estimation in Semampir District, Surabaya. Methods: This analytical observational study employed a cross-sectional design involving 100 adults aged 21–50 years from Semampir District, Surabaya, consisting of 50 males and 50 females. Mandibular gonial angle measurements were obtained from digital panoramic radiographs using standardized anatomical landmarks. Bilateral measurements were averaged for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize gonial angle values, while inferential statistical tests were applied to evaluate differences related to age and sex.  Results: Descriptive analysis showed variation in mandibular gonial angle values across different age groups without a consistent age-related pattern. In contrast, a clear difference in mean gonial angle values was observed between the sexes, with female subjects demonstrating higher mean values than male subjects. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference in gonial angle values according to sex (p<0.001), while no statistically significant association was found between age and gonial angle measurements (p>0.05).  Conclusion: The mandibular gonial angle demonstrates pronounced sexual dimorphism but limited applicability for adult age estimation in the studied population. These findings suggest that the gonial angle may serve as a supportive craniofacial indicator for sex estimation, while its role in age estimation should be interpreted with caution. Population-specific, community-based data are important for strengthening the forensic and dental applications of craniofacial parameters in Indonesian populations.
Co-Authors Adityatama, Anneke Paramita Agis Susanti, Dany Agustia, Lita Ahmad Yudianto Alghazaly, Farouk Alhadad, Husin Alvin, Jonatan Deriano Arya Brahmanta, Arya Aulia Dwi Maharani Aulia, Della Ayu R, Dyah Budi, Nasya Kamila Mutiara Budiharjo, Adrianto Cane Lukisari, Cane Cindy Hendrawan Cyntia, Wennie Damayanti, Desak Made Feby Dany Agus Susanto Dany Agus Susanto Della Aulia Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum Dian Samuel Hasudungan Diana Soesilo Dwi Budi Santoso Dwi Setianingtyas Dwi Setianingtyas Dwi Setianiningtyas Edwin R Siswantoro Elizabeth Pranoto, Amelia Eveline Yulia Darmadi Farouk Al-Ghazaly Fauzia, Bunga Goenharto, Aurelia Hadinata, Yongki Holanda, Ghita Hadi Ida Bagus Narmada Ida Bagus Narmada Imelda Ritunga Jennifer Widjaja Kharinna Widowati, Kharinna Kristanti Parisihni Mayfrila, Angelina Alexandra Nora Lelyana Nurfitri Amaliah Nurul Hidayati Nurwachid, Achmad Pambudi Rahardjo Paulus Budi Teguh Pawar, Ajinkya Pinasti, Restika Anindya Prawira Utama, Yudhistira Ramadhani, Salma Ramaniasari, Sheryn Marcha Ritunga, Ilmeda Ryan Raditya Sanjaya, Maria Laurentia Setyabudi Sularsih, S Susanto, Dany Agus Sutikno, Antonius Edwin Syamsulina Revianti Tsurayya, Nur Utama, Yudhistira Prawira Wahyuni Dyah Parmasari, Wahyuni Dyah Widyasri Prananingrum Yemy Ameliana Yudhistira Prawira Utama