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Efektifitas bubuk rumput laut merah (Gracillaria sp) sebagai imunostimulan terhadap infeksi bakteri streptococcus iniae pada ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) Amanda, Cut Sofia; Ayuzar, Eva
Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal, Vol. 3: No. 2 (October, 2016)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/aa.v3i2.328

Abstract

Usaha budidaya ikan lele dumbo memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi karena merupakan salah satu komoditas hasil perikanan yang potensial untuk diekspor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Mei hingga Bulan Juni 2015 dan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Syiah Kuala, Laboratorium Akuatik Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Syiah Kuala dan laboratorium Mikrobiologi BBI Ujong Batee Aceh Besar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas bubuk rumput laut merah (Gracillaria sp) sebagai imunostimulan infeksi bakteri Streptococcus iniae pada ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu secara eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan empat perlakuan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan adalah pemberian bubuk rumput laut merah secara perendaman dengan dosis perlakuan A (125 mg/l), perlakuan B (100 mg/l), perlakuan C (75 mg/l) dan perlakuan D (kontrol) tanpa perendaman dengan bubuk rumput laut merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perendendaman bubuk rumput laut merah terhadap ikan lele dumbo dengan dosis yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap pencegahan infeksi bakteri Streptococcus iniae pada ikan lele dumbo. Pemberian bubuk rumput laut merah untuk meningkatkan sistem imun ikan lele dumbo menunjukkan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup, dimana F hitung (45.111) > F tabel 0,01 (7.59). Perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada perendaman dengan bubuk rumput laut merah dengan dosis 100 mg/l dengan persentase kelangsungan hidup sebesar 83,33%. Selanjutnya kelangsungan hidup terendah terdapat pada perlakuan D (kontrol) tanpa perendaman dengan bubuk rumput laut merah dengan persentase kelangsungan hidup 23,33 % dan mengalami gejala klinis yang paling buruk. Total leukosit pada ikan lele dumbo meningkat pada saat diberi perlakuan perendaman dengan bubuk rumput laut merah dan pada saat uji tantang dengan bakteri Streptococcus iniae. Kualitas air selama penelitian berada pada kondisi yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan ikan lele dumbo dengan kisaran Do 5,0-6,4 ppm, suhu 28-30 0C dan pH 7,0-7,3.Catfish farming has a potential economic value for its commodity in export trading. This study was conducted in May until June 2015 at Physiology Laboratory and Aquatic Laboratory 0f Veteranary Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, then at Laboratory of BBI Ujung Batee. Aceh Besar. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of red seaweed powder (Gracillaria sp) as immunostimulant againts Streptococcus iniae bacterial infection in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The method used in this study was experimental method by using a completely randomized design (CRD) non factorial with four treatments of three replications. The factor of experiment was different dosages of red seaweed powder throld soaking treatment. Those different dosages were A (125 mg / l), treatment B (100 mg / l), treatment C (75 mg / l) and treatment D (control) without the red seaweed powder. The results showed that red seaweed powder word give prevention on bacterial infection in catfish. Aplication of red seaweed powder to the immune system of catfish showed highly significant effect on survival rate where F count (45,111)> F table 0,01 (7,59). The hignest survival rate was obtainied from red seaweed powder at a dose of 100 mg/l with a survival rate 83.33%. Furthermore, the lowest one was from the treatment D (control) without soaking by red seaweed powder which survival rate was 23.33% then its clinical symptoms were the worst one. Total leukocytes of catfish inereased when the fish was red seawed powder treated and bacterial challenge test. Water quality during the study was in optimal conditions for the growth of the catfish which the parameters water DO 5.0 to 6.4 ppm, a temperature 28-30 0C and pH 7.0 to 7.3.
Efektivitas serbuk daun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) terhadap bakteri Edwardsiella tarda Fajri, Nurul; Ayuzar, Eva; Ezraneti, Riri
Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal, Vol. 3: No. 1 (April, 2016)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/aa.v3i1.334

Abstract

Penyakit adalah salah satu penghambat dalam mengembangkan produksi ikan nila. Satu dari bakteri yang berbahaya dalam budidaya ikan nila adalah Edwardsiella tarda. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada januari 2016 di laboratorium hatchery dan teknologi akuakultur, Prodi Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Malikussaleh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas serbuk Phaleria macrocarpa untuk mencegah infeksi bakteri Edwardsiella tarda. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 5 perlakuan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk P. macrocarpa dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Edwardsiella tarda karena mengandung bahan antimikroba dengan diameter zona hambat 9,5 - 14,5 mm.Disease is one of the obstacles in achieving tilapia production targets. One of harmful bacteria types in tilapia fish farming is Edwardsiella tarda. This research was conducted on January 2016 held at the Laboratory of Hatchery and Aquaculture Technology, Aquaculture departement Agriculture Faculty Malikussaleh University. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectivenes Phaleria macrocarpa powder to prevent infection of bacteria Edwardsiella tarda. This research used experimental method, namely a completely randomized design (CRD) non factorial with five treatments within three replications. The results showed that the P. macrocarpa powder could inhibiting the growth of Edwardsiella tarda because it contained antimicrobial compounds with a clear zone formed 9.5-14, 5 mm.
Pengaruh tepung buah mengkudu pada dosis yang berbeda untuk pengendalian bakteri Vibrio harveyi pada post larva udang windu (Penaeus monodon) Izwar, Akmal; Ayuzar, Eva; Muliani, Muliani
Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal, Vol. 2: No. 1 (April, 2015)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/aa.v2i1.354

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan efektifitas dari tepung buah mengkudu untuk mencegah infeksi bakteri Vibrio harveyi pada posting udang windu. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap  (RAL) non faktorial dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan, yaitu : A (Perendaman dengan tepung buah mengkudu 40 gram/liter), B (Perendaman dengan tepung buah mengkudu 50 gram/liter), C (Perendaman dengan tepung buah mengkudu 60 gram/liter), D (kontrol). Selanjutnya pl 10 yang telah diaklimatisasikan diambil dari wadah pemeliharaan masing-masing perlakuan sebanyak 10 ekor, kemudian direndam dalam wadah  tepung buah mengkudu dengan dosis berbeda selama 15 menit, dengan ulangan masing-masing sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Setelah perendaman dalam tepung buah mengkudu, udang tersebut dikembalikan ke wadah pemeliharaan dan dipelihara selama 7 hari. Selanjutnya pada hari ke 8 diinfeksikan bakteri  Vibrio harveyi  dengan konsentrasi 107 CFU/ml, melalui perendaman selama 15 menit yang dilakukan dalam wadah dengan volume air 1 liter. Berdasarkan uji statistik (analisis dengan uji F, menunjukan hasil bahwa imun post larva dengan dosis tepung buah mengkudu 40 gram, 50 gram, dan 60 gram dalam 1 liter air dan tanpa tepung buah buah mengkudu, menunjukkan hasil sangat berbedanyata dengan nilai 282,67> F tabel 4,02. Berdasarkan uji BNT  setiap perlakuan  diperoleh hasil untuk terbaik pada perlakuan C (Perendaman dengan tepung buah mengkudu 60 gram/liter) dengan nilai SR 93,3%.The purpose of this study was to find the effects of noni fruit flour to prevent bacterial infection of Vibrio harveyi on shrimp post larva. The rescarsh design used in this research was completely randomized design (CRD) non factorial with four treatments and three replications, namely: A (Soaking by the noni fruit flour 40 grams / liter), B (Soaking by the noni fruit flour 50 grams / liter), C (Soaking by the noni fruit flour 60 grams / liter), D (control). Post larva were immersed in none fruit with different doses for 15 minutes. Than on 8th the post larva were treated by immersing them in 107 cfu/ml of Vibrio harveyi for 15 menutes. After soaking post larva were returned to each container and main tained maintenance with a density of 10 post larva/container and observed for 15 days. Based on the statistica (analysis by F test, the result that immerion of post larva at a dose of noni fruit flour 40 grams, 50 grams, and 60 grams into a 1 liter of water and without the noni fruit flour showed highly significant the post larva with the value 282,67 > F tabel of 4.02 (Appendix 1). Based on futher (LDS) each treatment was di fferent and the bast survivalrate was gained at treatment C (immersion of shrinp in 60 grams/liter of noni) with the value 93,3%.
Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kascing (bekas cacing) yang difermentasi dengan dosis yang berbeda dalam kultur Spirulina sp Muliani, Muliani; Ayuzar, Eva; Amri, Muhammad Chairul
Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal, Vol. 5: No. 1 (April, 2018)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/aa.v5i1.658

Abstract

Spirulina sp adalah salah satu pakan alami yang umum digunakan dalam kegiatan pemeliharaan larva ikan dan udang. Penambahan pupuk kascing sebagai sumber nutrien diduga dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kelimpahan sel Spirulina sp. Adapun manfaat dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber informasi untuk masyarakat dan instansi terkait dalam membudidayakan pakan alami Spirulina sp. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 25 Februari-16 Maret 2017 di Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau Ujong Batee, Kecamatan Mesjid Raya, Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Provinsi Aceh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non-faktorial yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Adapun dalam penelitian ini adalah perlakuan A (media kultur kascing 0,7 gr/l), perlakuan  B (media kultur kascing 0,8gr/l), perlakuan C (media kultur kascing 0,9gr/l), perlakuan D (kontrol  menggunakan pupuk UREA, ZA, TSP, Fecl, EDTA dan vitamin B12). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pupuk kascing untuk meningkatkan kelimpahan sel Spirulina sp memberikan pengaruh sangat berbeda nyata dengan F Hitung (35,75) > F Tabel0.01(7.59) terhadap kelimpahan rata-rata sel Spirulina sp akan tetapi tidak memberikan pengaruh berbeda nyata terhadap puncak populasi Spirulina sp dengan F hitung (2.59) < F Tabel0.05 (4.07) terhadap puncak populasi Spirulina sp.Spirulina sp is one of the most common natural food used in the culture activities of fish and shrimp larvae. The addition of vermicompost as a nutrient source was thought to be used to increase the abundance of Spirulina sp cells.The benefits of this research was expected to be a source of information for the public and related agencies in cultivating natural food Spirulina sp.This research was conducted on February 25 - March 16, 2017 at Hatchery Cultivation Brackish Water Center of Ujong Batee,Mesjid Raya, Aceh Besar, Aceh.The research method used was experimental method with non factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications.In this research, treatment A (culture media vermicompost 0,7 gr/L), treatment B (culture media vermicompost 0,8 gr/L), treatment C (culture media vermicompost 0,9 gr/L), treatment D (control by using fertilizer UREA, ZA, TSP, Fecl, EDTA and vitamin B12).The results showed that the use of vermicompost to increase the abundance of Spirulina sp cells gave significant different effect with F Count (35,75)> F Table 0.01 (7.59) to the average abundance of spirulina sp cells but did not give significant different effect to the peak Spirulina sp population with F Count (2.59) <F Table 0.05 (4.07) against peak population Spirulina sp.
Observasi aktivitas pengeraman telur dan perkembangan larva lobster air tawar (Cherax quadricarinatus) Khalil, Munawar; Ramadhani, Ita; Ayuzar, Eva
Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal, Vol. 5: No. 1 (April, 2018)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/aa.v5i1.717

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkah laku induk lobster air tawar pada saat proses perkawinan, pengeraman dan pemeliharaan telur, Penelitian ini juga melakukan observasi terhadap tahapan perkembangan larva yang dilihat melalui mikroskop. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental yaitu untuk melihat tingkah laku induk betina selama proses pengeraman telur dan perkembangan larva pada lobster air tawar. Parameter uji dilakukan selama pemeliharaan induk dan pengeraman telur menetas. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa tingkah laku induk selama proses pengeraman telur terlihat mulai dari 15 hari setelah induk melakukan perkawinan. Proses pemijahan akan terjadi pada malam hari atau menjelang pagi hari. Selama proses pengeraman yang terjadi selama lebih kurang 35 hari, telur lobster mengalami beberapa kali pembelahan dan perkembangan telur itu terlihat dengan adanya perubahan warna telur. Pada tahap perkembangan larva, bagian larva yang di amati adalah pada bagian yang di mulai dengan tumbuh atau terjadi penambahan bulu-bulu halus, umbai-umbai (setae), bintik hitam pada cangkang larva, serta bentuk perubahan pada selubung kepala.The purpose of this study was to observe the behavior of freshwater lobster broodstock during the process of mating, incubation and egg nursering. This research also observed the development stages of larvae through microscope. The method used in this research was experimental that was to observed the behavior of freshwater lobster broodstock during the process of egg incubation and larval development. The tested parameters during the lobster broodstock nursering phase and egg nursering until they hatched. The results showed that the behavior of the lobster broodstock during the process of egg nursering seen starting from 15 days after the broodstock mating. Spawning process will occur at night or before the morning. During the incubating process that lasted for approximately 35 days, the lobster eggs experienced several cleavages and the development of the egg was noticeable by the change of egg color. At the developmental stage of the larvae, the larval part observed is on the part that begins with growing or occurring the addition of fine hairs, the tassels (setae), the black spots on the larval shell, and the shape of the change in the head sheath.
Management application of feeding with different fasting methods in milkfish seeding (Chanos chanos) Ayuzar, Eva; Khalil, Munawwar; Wijaya, Heni
Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal Acta Aquatica: Jurnal Ilmu Perairan, Vol. 8: No. 3 (December, 2021)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/aa.v8i3.5862

Abstract

Milkfish has a high market demand, the existence of consumption milkfish is influenced by the success of the nursery. This study aims to determine the effect of feeding different feeding methods on milkfish to milkfish. The research was carried out from September to October 2020 at the Hatchery and Aquaculture Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Malikussaleh University. The experimental research method used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely A: Control (given daily feed), B: 1 day of fasting, 3 days of feeding, C: 2 days of fasting, 2 days of feeding feed, D: 3 days of fasting, 1 day of feed. The results showed that the feeding method of fasting was different with the best treatment found in treatment B, namely 1 day fasting, 3 days of feeding. Behavior, increased appetite, normal movement and normal metabolism, daily feed consumption of 1.23 grams, total feed consumption of 39.26 grams, length growth of 2.03 cm, weight growth of 3.06 grams, feed efficiency of 73.96%, Feed conversion was 1.35 and had a significant effect on survival, with treatment A having the highest survival, namely 87%.Keywords: Efficiency, Fasting, Feed, Growth, Milkfish
Cultivation of microalgae Nannochloropsis sp in chicken manure to increase biomass and lipids as an introduction to biodiesel production Ayuzar, Eva; Mahdaliana, Mahdaliana; Khaidir, Khaidir; Fitria, Ade; Erlangga, Erlangga
Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal Acta Aquatica: Jurnal Ilmu Perairan, Vol. 9: No. 2 (August, 2022)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/aa.v9i2.6721

Abstract

Microalgae is one of the natural resources that has the potential to make biodiesel because it contains a fairly high amount of oil. The content of fat (lipid) and fatty acid (fatty acid) in microalgae is a source of energy and is used as raw material for biodiesel. In lipids there are elements of saturated fatty acids that play a role in the process of making biodiesel. The addition of growth nutrients into microalgae culture media is considered the most influential aspect on the quantity of biomass produced by microalgae cultivation. This study aims to determine the effect of chicken manure on the growth rate of Nannochloropsis sp. and to get the best treatment the lipid content of Nannochloropsis sp. of dry weight. The method used in this study was to use a non-factorial Complete RandomIzed Design (RAL) with 3 repeat treatments. The treatments in this study were A: 0 mg/L, B: 250 mg/L, C: 300 mg/L, D: 350 mgL. The results showed that the effect of giving chicken manure with different doses had a very real effect on the density of Nannochloropsis sp, and population peaks. Treatment B with a dose of 250 mg/L of showed the best results with an average density value of 4713 x 104 cells/ml and a population peak of 9415 x 104 cells/ml and the highest lipid levels found in treatment B, which is 12.73.  Water quality during the study was conditioned standard. Temperature 26 - 27 oC, pH 7.1 - 7.7, DO 5.2 - 6.3 and salinity 31 - 34 ppt. Based on the results of the study found that lipid results are high, so it is possible to try biodiesel testing.Keywords: Biodesel; Biomass; Lipid; Microalgae; Nannochloropsis  sp
Application of recirculating aquaculture system in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) nursery indoors Bulan, Rifqi; Muliani, Muliani; Zulpikar, Zulpikar; Adhar, Saiful; Ayuzar, Eva
Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal Acta Aquatica: Jurnal Ilmu Perairan, Vol. 10: No. 1 (April, 2023)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/aa.v1i2.8885

Abstract

Water quality is one of the determining factors for the success of tiger shrimp in super intensive tiger shrimp culture that has very high productivity, this produces a lot of waste in the form of manure and leftover food which is a trigger for the decline in water quality. This study aims to determine the use of RAS using a different filter arrangement of water quality in the maintenance of tiger shrimp (Panaeus monodon). This research was conducted from August to September 2019 at the Hatchery and Aquaculture Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Malikussaleh University. The method used in this study is an experimental method with data collection techniques with a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications that were treatment A without filter (control), treatment B: physics filter, chemical filter, biological filter, treatment C: chemical filter, biological filter, physics filter, and treatment D: biological filter, physics filter, chemical filter. The results showed that the use of different filter arrangements in RAS has an influence on water quality parameters except for temperature, increase in length, and weight and has a very significant effect on survival. The best water quality was found in treatment B, physical filter, chemical filter, band iological filter.Keywords: black tiger shrimp; Recirculating Aquaculture System; water quality
Growth and biomass of Wolffia arrhiza with different sources of organic fertilizer Bahagia, Bahagia; Erlangga, Erlangga; Rusydi, Rachmawati; Ayuzar, Eva; Khalil, Munawwar; Hartami, Prama
Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal Acta Aquatica, Vol. 11: No. 2 (August, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/aa.v11i2.12199

Abstract

Wolffia arrhiza has a growth rate and biomass as well as a good nutritional content for the growth of cultivated fish, especially herbivorous fish. Due to the high protein content (up to 45% of the dry weight), Wolffia is an excellent plant for the production of various biologically active substances, especially proteins. These plants can double every 1-6 days, similar to algae or mushrooms, and the number of leaves doubles every 2-3 days. This study aims to determine the effect of different fertilizer sources on doubling time, relative growth rate, population density and biomass of Wolffia arrhiza and water quality. The method used in this research is experimental. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were as follows: treatment A: chicken manure, B: cow manure, C: buffalo manure and D: goat manure with each dose of 200 grams. Parameters observed included doubling time, relative growth rate, population density, biomass and water quality parameters. The results showed that treatment B (cow manure) gave the highest value for doubling time, 1.59 days, relative growth rate 0.392 g/day, population density 209.75 ind/cm2, biomass 94.97. Keyword: Biomass; Fertilizer; Growth; Wolffia
The post-larval metabolism rate of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in terms of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion at different salinities Burhanuddin, Burhanuddin; Malik, Abdul; Haris, Abdul; Anwar, Asni; Ayuzar, Eva
Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal Acta Aquatica, Vol. 11: No. 3 (December, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/aa.v11i3.16649

Abstract

The development of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation still faces many problems. One of them is the availability of seeds whose growth is slow and variable, as well as high mortality after being stocked in ponds. This study aimed to examine the post-larval metabolic rate of tiger prawns in terms of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion at different salinities. The research was carried out November - December 2023 in the Takalar Intensive Pond Unit, after which vannamei shrimp larvae with a density of 100 individuals/l were reared for acclimation for two weeks in tanks containing media water with a salinity of 10, 20 and 30 ppt. At the end of the acclimation period for the test shrimp, a respirometer was prepared to measure oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion. The results of the research showed that the average value of oxygen consumption after vannamei shrimp larvae occurred at a salinity of 10 ppt, then followed respectively at a salinity of 30 and 20 ppt. The results of the analysis of variance showed that salinity had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on oxygen consumption after vannamei shrimp larvae, but in the LSD follow-up test it appeared that only the 10 ppt treatment was very significantly different (P<0.01) and the same results occurred. on ammonia excretion, although the test of variance (LSD) had no significant effect. The survival rate and post-larval growth of vanamei shrimp reached the highest average value at a salinity of 20 ppt with very significantly different variance results. Based on the measurement results above, the optimum metabolic rate after vannamei shrimp larvae occurs at a salinity of 20 ppt (isotonic conditions occur between the shrimp's body fluids and the medium).Keywords: Ammonia Excretion; Metabolism Rate, Oxygen Consumption; Vanname Shrimp