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All Journal English Review: Journal of English Education IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature BASIS (BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS) Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) JURNAL PENELITIAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Journal of English Language and Education International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics (IJEAL) International Journal of Educational Research Excellence (IJERE) International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Arts TELL - US JOURNAL EJI (English Journal of Indragiri) : Studies in Education, Literature, and Linguistics
Efendi Barus, Efendi
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Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Journal : JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE

 1 
RADICAL AND LIBERAL FEMINISM IN ALICE WALKER’S THE COLOR PURPLE: AN INTERSECTIONAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL INQUIRY Hasibuan, Derliana; Barus, Efendi; Siwi, Purwanto; Nuzwaty, Nuzwaty
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 1: May 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i1.10918

Abstract

This study explores feminist themes in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple, with a particular focus on the character of Celie as a symbol of resistance and empowerment. It aims to identify and analyze various forms of feminism represented in the novel, emphasizing how Celie challenges traditional gender roles and societal expectations. Employing a sociological approach to literature and drawing on feminist theories—specifically liberal and radical feminism—the research traces Celie’s transformative journey toward self-liberation. The findings reveal that Celie embodies both liberal and radical feminist ideals through her rejection of patriarchal authority and her pursuit of personal autonomy and gender equality. Her evolution—from a silenced and oppressed figure to a self-reliant provider and assertive individual—demonstrates themes of self-determination and resistance to gender norms. Celie’s portrayal as a resilient and resourceful woman, often exhibiting traits culturally coded as masculine, serves to critique gender stereotypes and advocate for a broader understanding of strength and leadership. Ultimately, The Color Purple stands as a powerful narrative that interrogates gender boundaries, promotes feminist discourse, and underscores the potential of individual agency to inspire social change. This qualitative study analyzes the original English version of the novel as its primary data source, with data—comprising words, dialogues, and key passages—collected through close reading and systematic note-taking. The analysis, grounded in the sociology of literature, identifies and interprets feminist elements to achieve the study’s objectives.
UNMASKING THE ANTAGONIST: A PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOPATHY IN JAMES PATTERSON’S FEAR NO EVIL Barus, Efendi; Wardana, Fitra Andira; Purwarno, Purwarno
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12040

Abstract

This study explores the psychological dimensions of antagonism in James Patterson’s novel Fear No Evil, focusing on the construction of the antagonist Matthew Butler as a psychopath. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach and drawing upon Robert Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), the analysis identifies how Butler exhibits core psychopathic traits such as lack of empathy, manipulativeness, impulsivity, and emotional shallowness. Data were collected through close reading and textual analysis, emphasizing the antagonist’s actions, dialogue, and interactions with other characters. The findings reveal that Butler’s characterization is deeply rooted in psychopathic tendencies that serve not only as a narrative device but also as a reflection of broader psychological realities in crime fiction. By integrating psychological theory with literary analysis, this research contributes to the field of literary psychology, offering insights into how contemporary thrillers represent mental disorders and how antagonistic characters function to intensify narrative conflict. The study further underscores the significance of interdisciplinary approaches in understanding the intersection of literature, psychology, and criminology, particularly in examining how fictional psychopaths are constructed in popular culture.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONFLICTS BETWEEN KEY CHARACTERS IN GILLIAN FLYNN’S GONE GIRL Amalia, Suci; Barus, Efendi; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12258

Abstract

Gone Girl, a novel by Gillian Flynn, explores the intense psychological and emotional conflict between a married couple, Amy and Nick Dunne. Amy desires love and loyalty but is devastated by Nick’s betrayal. Meanwhile, Nick, who is obsessed with emulating his father, fails to express love to Amy and instead engages in an affair, leading to suspicion when Amy suddenly disappears. Amy’s uncontrollable ego drives her to fake her own death and frame Nick for murder as a form of social punishment. The story unfolds through public suspicion, legal investigation, and emotional turmoil. This study applies Cascio’s theory of conflict to examine the types and dynamics of internal and external conflicts experienced by the main characters. The study also aims to identify the negative impacts resulting from these conflicts. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research analyzes how internal conflict (man versus self) and external conflict (man versus man, society, and fate) shape the narrative. Amy’s psychological need for validation and her manipulative actions lead her to deep guilt and emotional suffering. Nick, on the other hand, experiences social rejection, emotional stress, and job loss after being falsely accused. These conflicts result in significant behavioral changes and deteriorating mental, physical, and social well-being. The novel reveals how unresolved personal and relational conflicts can escalate into destructive outcomes.
KARO DIALECTAL VARIATION IN TANAH KARO: A LEXICAL AND PHONOLOGICAL SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS Br Sembiring, Sukutenta; Barus, Efendi; Ezir, Ely
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12287

Abstract

Language holds the memory of a community and shapes how people understand themselves, their landscape, and their cultural belonging. This study investigates dialectal variation in the Karo language of Tanah Karo, North Sumatra, through a lexical and phonological sociolinguistic framework. Using a descriptive qualitative design supported by dialectological procedures, the research analyzes 200 Swadesh-based lexical items and natural speech data collected from six native speakers representing three major dialect regions: Julu (Tigapanah), Teruh Deleng (Tiganderket), and Singalor Lau (Tigabinanga). Structured interviews, direct observation, and audio-recorded elicitation sessions formed the basis of the dataset. Findings show that while the dialects remain mutually intelligible, they exhibit systematic micro-variations in vowel realization, lexical selection, and morphophonemic structure. Tigabinanga displays the most consistent vowel fronting and several unique lexical items, whereas Tigapanah and Tiganderket share closer phonological and lexical affinities. These patterns reflect the influence of geographical separation, inter-village communication, and long-standing cultural identity. The study contributes to the documentation of Indonesia’s regional languages and underscores the importance of preserving dialectal diversity. Further research using acoustic phonetics or quantitative dialectometry is recommended to deepen the understanding of phonological distance within the Karo speech community.
Co-Authors Ahmad Laut Hasibuan Aisyah Aisyah Amirul Mukminin Bincar Nasution Br Sembiring, Sukutenta Chairani, Sri Chairuddin Chairuddin Ekalestari, Susi Elita Modesta Br. Sembiring Erwina, Emmy Ezir, Ely Fadli, Izhar Handayani, Diah Syafitri Hasibuan, Derliana Hasrul, Saddam Heni Subagiharti Intan Maulina, Intan Jumino Suhadi, Jumino Kalsum, Eka Umi Lasyuli Simbolon, Lasyuli M. Manugeren, M. Manugeren Manugeren, M Manugeren, M. Manugeren Matondang, Saiful Anwar Maulana, Cecep Nuzwaty, Nuzwaty Pawiro, Muhammad Ali Purwarno, Purwarno Risnawaty Risnawaty Risnawaty SIPAYUNG, ROHDEARNI WATI Siregar, Elvi Fauziah Siregar, Roswani Siwi, Purwanto Suci Amalia Surbakti, Syamsul Bahri Sutarno Sutarno Syarifah Syarifah, Syarifah Wardana, Fitra Andira Yanti Kristina Sinaga