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All Journal Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik (Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Pharmacy) JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat GERVASI: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa Jurnal Riset Farmasi Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (Jupemas) Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan
Ratih Aryani, Ratih
Prodi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi Dan Sains, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Prebiotic effect of purple sweet potato resistant starch and the development of its mucoadhesive granule formulation Yuniarni, Umi; Aryani, Ratih; Rusdi, Bertha; Nabilla, Qori
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.29581

Abstract

Purple sweet potatoes are recognized for their prebiotic properties including againts Lactobacillus casei and L. bulgaricus bacteria. This prebiotic effect is due to the high starch content in purple sweet potatoes. The amylose content in starch which is difficult to digest in gastointestinal tract, functions as a prebiotic. To enhance the prebiotic effect of purple sweet potato starch, modification into resistant starch can be performed. Resistant starch exhibits a higher prebiotic effect compared to regular starch because it cannot be broken down by digestive enzymes, allowing it to reach the large intestine in significant amounts. Additionally, the prebiotic effect can be further enhanced by creating mucoadhesive granule formulations that increase the contact time of a substance on the mucosa of the digestive tract. This study aims to evaluate the prebiotic effect of resistant starch from purple sweet potatoes and to develop its mucoadhesive granule formulation. The resistant starch from purple sweet potatoes was prepared using the heat moisture treatment method. The prebiotic activity of resistant starch was tested against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli. The granule formulation was prepared by varying the concentration of polymers used, namely a combination of HPMC and carbopol as mucoadhesive polymers. The results showed that resistant starch from purple sweet potatoes had a prebiotic index of 0.930. The granule formulation F3 with an HPMC and Carbopol polymer ratio of 1:2 was identified as a good mucoadhesive granule formulation. It met pharmaceutical evaluation with a mucoadhesive percentage value of 40%.
Karakterisasi Kandungan dan Uji Aktivitas Antijamur Minyak Kulit Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum Burmanii) Terhadap Candida albicans Annisa Khansa Pratiwi; Sani Ega Priani; Ratih Aryani
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 5, No. 1, Juli 2025, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v5i1.6937

Abstract

Abstract. Oral candidiasis is an infection of the oral mucosa caused by the fungus Candida albicans, characterized by the formation of complex biofilm lesions on the mucosal surface. One natural substance with antifungal activity is cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii), which contains cinnamaldehyde. This study aims to determine the characteristics of cinnamon bark oil and evaluate its antifungal activity against C. albicans by determining its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Cinnamon oil was characterized according to the quality standards of SNI 06-3734-2006, including organoleptic testing (light yellow color and characteristic aroma), determination of specific gravity (1.030 g/mL), solubility testing in 70% ethanol (1:3), and determination of cinnamaldehyde content (62.63%). The antifungal activity of cinnamon bark oil was tested using the agar diffusion well method with test concentration variations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8%. The antifungal activity was indicated by the presence of an inhibition zone, marked by a clear area around the well. Cinnamon bark oil produced a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.05%, which falls into the moderate inhibition response category. Abstrak. Kandidiasis oral adalah infeksi mukosa mulut akibat jamur Candida albicans, ditandai dengan terbentuknya lesi biofilm kompleks pada permukaan mukosa. Salah satu bahan alam yang memiliki aktivitas antijamur adalah kulit batang kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmanii), mengandung sinamaldehid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik minyak kulit kayu manis serta mengetahui aktivitas antijamur minyak kayu manis terhadap jamur C. albicans melalui penentuan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM). Minyak kayu manis di karakterisasi sesuai dengan standar mutu SNI 06-3734-2006 meliputi uji organoleptis (kuning muda dan bau khas), penetapan bobot jenis (1,030 g/mL), penentuan kelarutan dalam etanol 70% (1:3), dan penentuan kadar sinamaldehid (62,63%). Uji aktivitas antijamur minyak kulit kayu manis dengan metode difusi agar cara sumuran dilakukan pada variasi konsentrasi uji sebesar 0,025; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2; 0,4; dan 0,8%. Parameter pengujian aktivitas antijamur ditunjukkan dengan adanya zona hambat yang ditandai oleh zona bening disekitar sumuran.  Minyak kulit kayu manis menghasilkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) sebesar 0,05%, yang termasuk kategori respon hambatan moderat.
Development of Nanocapsules Containing Cytotoxic Agents- A Review: Kajian Literatur Pengembangan Sediaan Nanokapsul Mengandung Agen Sitotoksik Priani, Sani Ega; Setianty, Tia Nur; Aryani, Ratih; Fitrianingsih, Sri Peni; Syafnir, Livia
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): (October 2021)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2021.v7.i2.15578

Abstract

Background: The incidence and mortality of cancer are rapidly growing worldwide. Modification on drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology was applied to improve the effectiveness and safety of treatment. Nanoencapsulation, a part of nanotechnology, was known can be involved in cytotoxic agents. Objective: This research was conducted to determine the type of polymers for nanoencapsulation of cytotoxic agents and analyze the effect of nanoencapsulation on the cytotoxic activity. Methods: The study was performed by systematic literature review using selected articles from reputable databases that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results show that many cytotoxic agents have been developed in nanocapsules systems due to their low water solubility, chemical instability, and low bioavailability. The nanoencapsulation process was carried out using synthetic or natural polymers such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), PEGylated PLGA, polycaprolactone (PCL), chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate, chitosan-sodium alginate, heparin-poly(l-lysine), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Those polymers are widely used for nanoencapsulation related to their biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and providing the desired coating properties. The nanoencapsulation on cytotoxic agents significantly increases the in vitro cytotoxicity, marked by the decrease of IC50 value in the range 1.4-15.4 folds compared to pure drugs. The increase in cytotoxicity could be caused by particle size reduction, modification of particle surface properties, and enhancement of drug stability. Conclusion: It can be concluded that nanoencapsulation can be applied for cytotoxic agents to increase their activity using the appropriate coating polymer.
Formulation of Green Tea Spray Gel as Supportive Therapy for Diabetic Foot Infection Priani, Sani Ega; Efrida, Delfiana Aura; Aryani, Ratih; Mulkiya, Kiki; Syafnir, Livia
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 12, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.54042

Abstract

Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a common complication of diabetes, most frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Green tea contains antibacterial compounds and may serve as a potential supportive therapy for DFI. This study aimed to develop a spray gel formulation containing green tea ethanol extract and evaluate its antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The extract was obtained using 96% ethanol through the reflux method and subsequently tested for antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method. The extract was incorporated into a spray gel formulation with Viscolam MAC 10 as the gelling agent. The resulting spray gels were evaluated for their physical properties and antibacterial activity. Green tea extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.1%. Furthermore, the ethanol extract was successfully formulated into a spray gel using 5% Viscolam MAC 10, meeting quality requirements in terms of organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, spray pattern, spray weight, drying time, and adhesion time. Formulations containing 0.75% and 1% GTE exhibited potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus. In conclusion, a green tea–based spray gel formulation with good physical characteristics and potent antibacterial activity has been successfully developed.
Uji In Vitro Potensi Prebiotik Kombinasi Pati Kulit Pisang Ambon (Musa acuminata AAA) dan Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam): In Vitro Assessment of the Prebiotic Potential of Ambon Banana Peel (Musa acuminata AAA) and Purple Sweet Potato Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) Starch Combination Rusdi, Bertha; Trinita, Irene Yuliani; Yuniarni, Umi; Aryani, Ratih
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 7 No. 6 (2025): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v7i6.2596

Abstract

Content Starches from Ambon banana peel (Musa acuminata AAA) and purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) show in vitro prebiotic activity. This study examined the prebiotic potential of their combined formulation on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli growth. Bacterial growth was assessed via optical density at 600 nm (OD???) after 24 hours, and the Prebiotic Index (PI) was calculated. The 1:1 starch combination showed a synergistic effect, enhancing prebiotic activity compared to each starch alone. The combination achieved a PI of 1.796, while Ambon banana peel starch and purple sweet potato starch recorded PI values of 1.03 and 0.04, respectively. These results suggest that combining both starches significantly improves prebiotic efficacy, indicating their potential as a natural prebiotic supplement. Keywords:          Prebiotic index, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, Purple sweet potato, Ambon banana peel   Abstrak Pati kulit pisang Ambon (Musa acuminata AAA)dan ubi jalar unggu (Ipomoea batatas L.) diketahui memiliki aktivitas prebiotik secara in vitro. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan evaluasi aktivitas prebiotik dari kombinasi pati kulit pisang Ambon dan ubi jalar ungu terhadap pertumbuhan Lactobacillus acidophilus dan Escherichia coli, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah potensi prebiotik kombinasi kedua pati lebih baik dibanding pati tunggalnya. Pertumbuhan bakteri uji diamati dengan mengukur selisih nilai serapan pada panjang gelombang 600 nm (OD600) setelah biakan ditambahkan pati selama 24 jam serta menhitung nilai Indeks Prebiotik (Prebiotic Index/PI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pati 1: 1 menunjukkan sinergi yang positif dalam meningkatkan aktivitas prebiotik dibandingkan dengan pati tunggal. Nilai PI kombinasi adalah sebesar 1,796 sedangkan kulit pisang Ambon adalah 1,03 dan ubi jalar ungu adalah 0,04. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kombinasi pati kulit pisang Ambon dan ubi jalar ungu berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai suplemen prebiotik dari bahan baku alami. Kata Kunci:         Indeks prebiotik, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, ubi jalar ungu, kulit pisang ambon
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Fig Leaf (Ficus carica L.) Ethyl Acetate Extract Transdermal Patch as a Candidate for Wound Healing Application Ratih Aryani; Safira Qamarani; Hanifa Rahma; Taufik Muhammad Fakih
Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar Vol 21 No 1 (2026): Media Kesehatan
Publisher : Direktorat Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32382/medkes.v21i1.2198

Abstract

Wound healing can be enhanced through both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Non-pharmacological methods include proper wound cleaning and dressing, while pharmacological strategies utilize antiseptics and synthetic antibiotics to prevent infection. Recently, natural compounds such as Ficus carica L. leaves, rich in flavonoids, have gained attention for their wound-healing potential. Flavonoids play a crucial role in accelerating wound contraction, enhancing collagen deposition, and promoting granulation tissue formation. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a wound-healing patch incorporating the ethyl acetate extract of Ficus carica L. leaves, obtained via multistep maceration. The total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extract was 89.299 ± 0.14 mgQE/g. The patch was developed using the solvent casting method with HPMC K100M as the polymer matrix and propylene glycol as a plasticizer. The optimized formulation, containing 5.6% ethyl acetate extract (equivalent to 50 mg quercetin), met key evaluation criteria, exhibiting a uniform structure without wrinkling, a thickness of 1.0 ± 0.2 mm, a pH of 5, and a folding endurance of >200 cycles. In vitro permeation studies demonstrated effective active compound penetration, with a cumulative quercetin permeation of 21.76% within 180 minutes. The flux profile revealed an initial burst release followed by a transition toward controlled diffusion behavior, which is characteristic of HPMC-based monolithic matrices.
Optimasi Lip Balm Minyak Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) Menggunakan D-Optimal Mixture Design Meisya Ghina Shulhani; Budi Prabowo Soewondo; Ratih Aryani
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 6, No. 1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v6i1.10294

Abstract

Abstract. Angular cheilitis is a lesion occurring at the corners of the lips and is commonly associated with Candida albicans infection. Geranium essential oil (Pelargonium graveolens) has potential antifungal properties and can be developed in lip balm formulations. This study aimed to determine the optimum formulation of a geranium essential oil lip balm stick and to evaluate its physical quality and stability using the D-optimal mixture design method. The lip balm base consisted of beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, shea butter, castor oil, and olive oil. The optimization results showed that the optimum formulation contained 23.4% beeswax, 3.3% carnauba wax, 3.3% candelilla wax, 20% shea butter, 40% castor oil, 10% olive oil, 0.1% BHT, 0.5% phenoxyethanol, and 0.5% geranium essential oil, with predicted melting point and hardness values of 65.77 °C and 393.83 g, respectively. The optimum formulation produced a homogeneous lip balm with a yellowish-white color and a characteristic geranium aroma without rancid odor. The pH value of the formulation was 5.0, which was within the physiological pH range of the lips. The melting point and hardness values were 66.67±0.29 °C and 406.67±5.77 g, respectively, meeting the physical quality requirements for lip balm preparations. Stability testing over three cycles showed no changes in texture, color, or aroma. Therefore, the geranium essential oil lip balm fulfilled the physical quality and stability requirements for cosmetic preparations. Abstrak. Cheilitis angular merupakan lesi pada sudut bibir yang sering dikaitkan dengan infeksi jamur Candida albicans. Minyak atsiri geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) diketahui memiliki potensi antijamur sehingga berpeluang dikembangkan dalam sediaan lip balm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan formula optimum lip balm mengandung minyak atsiri geranium serta mengevaluasi mutu fisik dan stabilitas sediaannya menggunakan metode D-optimal mixture design. Basis lip balm diformulasikan dari kombinasi beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, shea butter, castor oil, dan olive oil. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan formula optimum terdiri atas beeswax 23,4%, carnauba wax 3,3%, candelilla wax 3,3%, shea butter 20%, castor oil 40%, olive oil 10%, BHT 0,1%, fenoksietanol 0,5%, dan minyak atsiri geranium 0,5% yang diprediksi memiliki titik leleh sebesar 65,77 °C dan kekerasan sebesar 393,83 g. Formula optimum menghasilkan sediaan yang homogen, berwarna putih kekuningan, dan memiliki aroma khas geranium tanpa bau tengik. Nilai pH sediaan sebesar 5,0 berada dalam rentang fisiologis kulit bibir. Titik leleh sediaan sebesar 66,67±0,29 °C dan nilai kekerasan sebesar 406,67±5,77 g memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik lip balm. Uji stabilitas selama tiga siklus menunjukkan tidak adanya perubahan tekstur, warna, maupun aroma sediaan. Dengan demikian, sediaan lip balm minyak atsiri geranium memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik dan stabilitas sediaan kosmetik.
Enhancing Solubility and Dissolution of Caffeine Through Solid Dispersions with Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30: A Comparative Study of Drug-to-Polymer Ratios Indra Indra; Rian Andrianto; Ratih Aryani
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v22i2.12695

Abstract

Despite its inherently high aqueous solubility, caffeine demonstrates inconsistent oral bioavailability due to formulation and processing-related limitations. This study aimed to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of caffeine by formulating solid dispersions using polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (PVP K-30) via the solvent evaporation method. Solid dispersions were prepared at drug-to-polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, and characterized using hot-stage microscopy (HSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Solubility and dissolution testing were conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). The results showed that the 1:2 ratio formulation yielded the most significant improvement, with solubility reaching 22.3 mg/mL and a dissolution rate of 97.6% within 30 minutes, representing a substantial enhancement compared to pure caffeine. FTIR and DSC indicated the presence of hydrogen bonding and the absence of caffeine melting peak, while PXRD confirmed amorphization. These findings suggest that solid dispersion with PVP K-30 is a viable strategy for overcoming the bioavailability challenges of caffeine and similar compounds, warranting further investigation into in vivo performance and long-term stability.
EDUKASI APOCIL DAN DAGUSIBU PADA MADRASAH DINIYAH AWWALIYAH (MDA) MUTIARA ISLAM DI TANJUNGSARI Ernita; Suwendar; Umi Yuniarni; Bertha Rusdi; Dina Mulyanti; Ratih Aryani; Haidir Syafrullah; Nanda Nurhaliza Z; Ainah
GERVASI: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): GERVASI: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : LPPM IKIP PGRI Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31571/gervasi.v10i2.7167

Abstract

Pendidikan kesehatan sejak dini merupakan langkah strategis untuk membentuk pola hidup sehat yang berkelanjutan, terutama dalam mencegah penyalahgunaan obat yang kian meningkat di kalangan masyarakat. Suatu upaya menanamkan kebiasaan hidup sehat pada anak, (seperti cuci tangan, makan bergizi, aktif bergerak, tidur cukup) sejak kecil untuk membentuk fondasi kesehatan jangka panjang agar anak tumbuh optimal secara fisik, mental dan emosional mereka. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan profesi apoteker melalui APOCIL (Apoteker Cilik) dan konsep DAGUSIBU (Dapatkan, Gunakan, Simpan, dan Buang) obat. Metode yang digunakan adalah Participatory Action Research (PAR) dengan pendekatan edukasi partisipatif melalui ceramah interaktif, diskusi, dan tanya jawab, yang dikemas secara menyenangkan dan komunikatif serta kuesioner untuk mengukur pemahaman peserta didik. Kegiatan melibatkan peserta didik kelas 2, orang tua, dan masyarakat RW 07, dengan fasilitator dari akademisi dan apoteker. Hasil post-test dianalisis menggunakan interpretasi persentase benar (Skala Likert) menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman peserta didik mencapai nilai tertinggi adalah 90 (20%), dan nilai terendah adalah 50 (30%).
Jenis Polimer dalam Pengembangan Mucoadhesive-NLC untuk Intranasal Brain Delivery Aulia Nurfauziyah Islamiati; Sani Ega Priani; Ratih Aryani
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 33 - 42
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24029

Abstract

Abstract. The highly selective blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a major obstacle to brain drug delivery, and the intranasal route has emerged as a non-invasive approach capable of bypassing the BBB via the olfactory and trigeminal pathways. Combining nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) with mucoadhesive polymers can prolong the residence time of the formulation on the nasal mucosa, although its physicochemical performance is strongly influenced by the type of polymer used. This study aims to examine the types of mucoadhesive polymers used in the development of mucoadhesive-NLC systems for intranasal brain delivery and their effect on physicochemical characteristics, using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 22 reputable articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Results showed that natural polymers (chitosan, gellan gum, sodium hyaluronate) and synthetic polymers (HPMC, carbopol, poloxamer) produced NLC systems with particle sizes of 41.55-255 nm, PDI below 0.3; zeta potential of -39.3 to +41 mV, entrapment efficiency of 63.7-99.99%, and mucoadhesive strength varying according to polymer charge and binding mechanism. Cationic polymers such as chitosan enhanced mucoadhesion through electrostatic interaction with negatively charged mucus, while thermoreversible polymers such as poloxamer and gellan gum strengthened retention through in situ gel formation at physiological temperature. Overall, these findings confirm that the selection of polymer type is a critical factor determining the physicochemical characteristics of mucoadhesive-NLC systems for intranasal brain delivery. Abstrak. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) yang sangat selektif menjadi hambatan utama penghantaran obat ke otak, rute intranasal berkembang sebagai pendekatan non-invasif yang mampu melewati BBB melalui jalur olfaktorius dan trigeminal. Kombinasi nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) dengan polimer mukoadhesif dapat memperpanjang waktu tinggal sediaan pada mukosa hidung, namun performa fisikokimianya sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis polimer yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji jenis-jenis polimer mukoadhesif dalam pengembangan sistem mukoadhesif-NLC untuk intranasal brain delivery serta pengaruhnya terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia melalui metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap 22 artikel bereputasi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa polimer alami (chitosan, gellan gum, sodium hyaluronate) dan polimer sintesis (HPMC, carbopol, poloxamer) menghasilkan sistem NLC dengan ukuran partikel 41,55-255 nm, PDI di bawah 0,3; zeta potensial -39,3 hingga +41 mV, efisiensi penjerapan 63,7-99,99%, serta kekuatan mukoadhesif yang bervariasi sesuai muatan dan mekanisme ikatan polimer. Polimer kationik seperti chitosan meningkatkan mukoadhesi melalui interaksi elektrostatik dengan mukus yang bermuatan negatif, sedangkan polimer termoreversibel seperti poloxamer dan gellan gum memperkuat retensi melalui pembentukan gel in situ pada suhu fisiologis. Secara keseluruhan, temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemilihan jenis polimer merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan karakteristik fisikokimia sistem mukoadhesif-NLC untuk intranasal brain delivery.
Co-Authors 10060321017, Tarisa Perolin Ainah Alya Reiva Ramadhani Saybia Anisa Nursapitri Anisa Sopiani Annisa Khansa Pratiwi Arlina Prima Putri Arsy Auliyana Dewi Atika Zulfa Karimah Aulia Fikri Hidayat Aulia Nurfauziyah Islamiati Azmi Aziz Azyyati Adzhani Bertha Rusdi Brisa Elisa Budi Prabowo Soewondo Chikita Ghaesyani Putri Rahim Daffa Hanif Fadillah Delfiana Aura Efrida Desi Waliasih Dieni Mardliyani Dina Mulyanti Dwi Oktariani Efrida, Delfiana Aura Erni Johan Ernita Esti Rachmawati Sadiyah Farha Fadila Fatimah Azzahra Sundaning Asih Feni Muhaimin Febriyanti Fetri Lestari Fetri Lestari Fia Siti Nopalia Fika Nur Hasyaeni Firda Amelya Fitrianti Darusman Gita Cahya Eka Darma Haidir Syafrullah Hanifa Rahma Hanifa Rahma Hanifa Rahma Hendrik Hermawan Hepy Nuriska Hilda Aprilia, Hilda Indra Indra Indra Novian Rukmana Indrawati Hannisah Jahra Farhanuddin Jihram Achmad Fauzi Febrian Kiki Mulkiya Yuliawati Laluna Salsa Midika Linda Nur'Aini Meisya Ghina Shulhani Mentari Luthfika Dewi Mira Nurseha Muhammad Rifky Ramadhan Mulkiya, Kiki Nabilla, Qori Nanda Nurhaliza Z Nazela Constantia Hilyatul Aulia Netha Kusuma Dewi Niken Fitria Yuliar Nur Karimah Purwaeni Purwaeni Purwandi, Yedi Qori Nabilla Rafanisa Apriansah Ratna Ayu Ratu Nabila Afriandini Rian Andrianto Rizki Anggara Permana Sabrina Nur Diana Safira Qamarani Safira Qamarani Sani Ega Priani Setianty, Tia Nur Shannie Megaliane Siti Hazar Somantri, Sri Yulianingsih Sri Peni Fitrianingsih Sri Yulianingsih Somantri Suwendar Syafira Nissa Fahira Syafnir, Livia Syavina Nur Zahira Taufik Muhammad Fakih Tifana Indrafaina Al'munaf Tri Awalani sapa'ati Gusti Trimaulani Anggraeni Trinita, Irene Yuliani Umi Yuniarni Yani Lukmayani Yedy Purwandi Sukmawan Yunita Fidia Astuti