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Macrophage Activity Test of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (TB-DM) Arlita Leniseptaria Antari; Indah Saraswati; David Pakaya; Aryoko Widodo
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 2, No 2 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (15.528 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v2i2.833

Abstract

Background: Control of pulmonary TB is getting more and more complicated as the number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing. The increasing prevalence of DM is followed by the increasing prevalence of pulmonary TB. Diabetes Mellitus patients have 4,7 times higher risk to develop pulmonary TB compared to patients without DM, since DM can increase the frequency and severity of an infection, including pulmonary TB.Aim: To analyze macrophage activity (phagocytosis, intracellular killing, and TNF-α synthesis) of TB-DM patients.Method: The research is an experimental study using a PBMC cultured sample from TB-DM patient's which undergo observation of macrophage activity (phagocytic, intracellular killing and TNF-α synthesis). The data were taken from microscopic observation of TB-DM patients, colony growth of viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the TNF-α level secreted by macrophages.Result: Microscopic observation showed that there are less amount of phagocytosed M. tuberculosis (in macrophage/intracellular level) and there is a little amount of formed vacuoles and giant cells. Furthermore, macrophages in TB-DM patients secrete low level of TNF- α, and there are more viable M. tuberculosis from this macrophage.Conclusions: Macrophages of TB-DM patients are less activated, with reduced phagocytic activity (due to the intrinsic defect of PMN) and reduced antigen presenting activity of phagocytes toward M. tuberculosis. Therefore, there is a need for a further study focused on macrophage activity enhancement on TB-DM patients against M. tuberculosis infection in DM patients.Keywords: macrophage, TB-DM, phagocytosis, intracellular killing, TNF- α. 
UJI INTRACELLULAR KILLING TERHADAP MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS DARI MAKROFAG PENDERITA DAN INDIVIDU SEHAT BERISIKO TUBERKULOSIS PARU Arlita Leniseptaria Antari; David Pakaya; Dahliatul Qosimah
Media Medika Muda Vol 1, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Latar belakang: Makrofag merupakan sistem pertahanan yang pertama pada infeksi tuberkulosis, dimana masuknya Mycobacterium tuberculosis ke dalam makrofag dan kemampuan bertahan hidup didalamnya merupakan elemen kunci dari patogenesis tuberculosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan kemampuan intracellular killing terhadap Mycobacterium tuberculosis antara makrofag penderita dan individu sehat berisiko tuberkulosis paru.Metode: PBMC diisolasi dari buffy coat penderita dan individu sehat berisiko tuberculosis paru. Monosit (105 cell/ml) dikultur dalam 24-wells tissue culture plate berisi coverslip, kemudian ditambahkan RPMI 1640 yang disuplementasi 10% HI–PHS (Heat Inactivated Pooled Human Serum) dan diinkubasi pada 37°C, 5 % CO2. Pada akhir periode inkubasi, kultur dipanen, dibilas PBS, Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang terbebas kemudian dikultur dalam media padat Middlebrook 7H10 dan diinkubasi selama 7 hari, 10 haridan 14 hari. Koloni Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang viabel dihitung sebagai CFU (Colony Forming Units).Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah koloni Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang viabel setelah intracellular killing lebih banyak terdapat pada makrofag penderita tuberkulosis paru daripada makrofag individu sehat berisiko tuberkulosis paru. Hasil analisa dengan menggunakan uji Univariate Analysis of Variance menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0,01).Simpulan: Intracellular killing makrofag penderita tuberkulosis paru lebih rendah daripada individu sehat berisiko tuberkulosis paru. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan lebih banyaknya jumlah koloni Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang viabel pada media Middlebrook 7H10 yang berasal dari makrofag penderita tuberkulosis paru. Kata kunci: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, makrofag, intracellular killing.
PERBANDINGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK JENIS AEROBIK DAN ANAEROBIK TERHADAP KADAR HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) David pakaya; Eka Mutiara Herman
Healthy Tadulako Journal (Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/htj.v9i2.737

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Physical activity is classified based on biochemically process of energy shynthesis into aerobic and anaerobic physical activity. These activities has the ability to increase the High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) on body. The aim of this study is to determine the comparison between aerobic and anaerobic physical activity on HDL levels. This is a quasi experimental research with pre and post test design. This study partisipant used purposive sampling methods, totally 60 individuals, were divided into two groups, that is aerobic physical activity group and anaerobic physical activity group. Data of HDL levels were perform used Cholesterol Oxidase – Peroxidase Aminoantypirin (CHOD-PAP) methods. Data as a pair for measured the increased of HDL leves in two groups and analyzed with GrapPhad Prism 8.0.0 used the Unpaired t-test. In This study we found hhe HDL levels on the aerobic and anaerobic physical activity showed a significant increased (p<0,0001). The comparison on HDL levels between aerobic and anaerobic physical activity showed a non-significant difference (p=0,7740). in the conclusion, The aerobic and anaerobic physical activity has effect on increased the HDL levels, but has no difference when compared between the aerobic and anaerobic physical activity on increased HDL levels.
Utilization of Nanotechnology in Metformin Delivery: The Morphometric Study of Pancreatic Islets of Diabetic Rat Model Pakaya, David; Fahira, Aliyah Rezky; Anwar, Sarifuddin; Lintin, Gabriella Bamba Ratih
Jambura Medical and Health Science Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2024): Jambura Medical and Health Science Journal
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37905/jmhsj.v3i2.24937

Abstract

Introduction: In diabetic conditions, damage of β cells and changes the structure of pancreatic islets was exhibited. Metformin can improve this condition. The nanoparticle form of metformin can improve bioavailability and accelerate cell regeneration, and pancreatic islets can be repaired. The aim of this study to know the effect of nanoparticles metformin on fasting blood glucose levels and pancreatic islet morphometry in diabetic rat models.Method: An experimental research with posttest-only controlled group design was conducted on 16 white male Wistar rats. The streptozotocin (STZ) 40 mg/kgBB were injected i.p. Rats were divided into four groups: K1: normal control; K2: negative control (diabetes model); K3: diabetes model treated with metformin 100mg/kgBB; K4: diabetes model treated with nanoparticle metformin 100mg/kgBB. The body weight and fasting blood glucose levels were measured periodically. The histology of pancreatic islets was performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining and quantified using ImageJ software. The data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism 8.0.0 using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: Metformin therapy decreased the fasting blood glucose levels in K3 starting on day 21 and K4 starting on day 7, but there was no statistical difference (p=0.0597). Pancreatic islet morphometry showed the pancreatic islet area was found to be statistically different (p=0.026), and the perimeter was not statistically different (p=0.115).Conclusion: Metformin nanoparticle form decreased the fasting blood glucose levels and effectively improved the area and perimeter of pancreatic islets of the diabetic rats model, but the perimeter of the pancreatic islets is not statistically significant.Keywords: Diabetes, metformin, nanoparticles, pancreatic islets, morphometry.
EFEK METFORMIN TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI OTOT RANGKA TIKUS MODEL OBESITAS Merlionarsy Tammuan; David Pakaya; Mohammad Salman; Muhammad Nur Ikhsan Liwang
Biomedika Vol 15, No 2 (2023): Biomedika Agustus 2023
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v15i2.3303

Abstract

ABSTRACT Metformin is one of the pharmacological agents used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2). One application of metformin is currently widely used for the treatment of obesity which can cause muscle atrophy. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of metformin in reducing body weight and muscle cell diameter through histology of muscle in obese model rats. This was an experimental-research with posttest only controlled group design with qualitative and quantitative approaches. This study used 15 white male Wistar rats, aged 10-12 weeks, body weight (BW) 200-250 grams. The rats were divided into 3 treatment groups, i.e: normal control (K1), negative control (obesity model/K2), and obesity model plus 250 mg/kgBW metformin therapy (K3). The rats were modified into obesity models by high fat diet (HFD) administration. The BW measurements were conducted periodically. Histopathology of the skeletal muscle ware perform from hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining in 5 randomly selected and non-overlapping visual fields using an Olympus CX23 light microscope with 400× magnification and quantified using ImageJ software. The data were analyzed by GrapPhad Prism 8.0.0 using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The results showed that the BW of the K3 group treated with metformin was lower than K1 and K2(p= 0,0049) and the diameter of skeletal muscle cells was higher, but not statistically significant (p=0.2009). In conclusion, metformin has the capacity to decrease body weight and enhance the size of skeletal muscle cells. ABSTRAK Metformin merupakan salah satu agen farmakologis yang digunakan untuk terapi diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (DMT2). Salah satu aplikasi metformin saat ini banyak digunakan untuk terapi obesitas yang dapat menyebabkan atrofi otot. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek metformin dalam menurunkan berat badan (BB) dan diameter sel otot rangka melalui gambaran histologis otot rangka pada tikus model obesitas. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental dengan rancangan posttest only controlled group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 ekor tikus putih galur Wistar jantan, berusia 10-12 minggu, dengan BB 200-250 gram. Tikus dibagi dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol normal (K1), model obesitas (K2), dan model obesitas dengan terapi metformin 250mg/kgBB (K3). Tikus dimodifikasi menjadi model obesitas dengan pemberian high fat diet (HFD). Dilakukan pengukuran BB secara berkala. Gambaran histopatologi otot rangka didapatkan dari pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin (HE) pada 5 lapang pandang yang dipilih secara acak dan tidak tumpang tindih dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya Olympus CX23 perbesaran 400×. Hasil gambar dikuantifikasi menggunakan perangkat lunak ImageJ. Data dianalisis dengan GrapPhad Prism 8.0.0 menggunakan uji non parametrik Kruskal-wallis. Ditemukan berat badan kelompok K3 yang diterapi metformin lebih rendah dari K1 dan K2 (p= 0,0049) dan rerata diameter sel otot rangka lebih tinggi, namun tidak signifikan (p= 0,2009). Disimpulkan bahwa metformin mampu menurunkan BB serta meningkatkan diameter sel otot rangka.
DETEKSI POLIMORFISME GENE MTHFR C677T MENGGUNAKAN RFLP HINF I Lestari, Ira Cinta; Pakaya, David
Jurnal Kedokteran STM (Sains dan Teknologi Medik) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Juli 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/stm.v7i2.589

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Latar Belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya polimorfisme C677T pada gene yang mengkode enzim Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) manusia yang berperan penting pada siklus metilasi. Metode: Digunakan 5 sampel DNA. DNA diisolasi dari darah tepi dengan metode saturated salt. Genotyping MTHFR C677C dan C677T ditunjukkan dengan (Polymerase Chain Reaction) PCR dan Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) gene MTHFR menggunakan enzim retriksi Hinf I. Hasil: Terdapat 2 sampel dengan genotipe wild type C677C dan 3 sampel dengan genotipe poliformisme C677T. Kesimpulan: Polimorfisme C677T terjadi pada sebagian besar populasi dan berkaitan dengan faktor resiko berbagai penyakit.
POTENSI ROSUVASTATIN SEBAGAI AGEN ANTI FIBROTIK: KAJIAN IN VIVO STRUKTUR ALVEOLARIS PARU DAN JUMLAH SEL MAST TIKUS MODEL FIBROSIS Pakaya, David; Sarifuddin Anwar; Yuli Fitriana; Rais Trisiyambudi; Dion Solli Ruruktipa; Muhammad Yoland Muliadi; Farid Indra Gunawan; Mohammad Fiqri Novian Affandy
Medika Alkhairaat: Jurnal Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6 No 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Alkhairaat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31970/ma.v6i3.254

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Inflamasi kronis menyebabkan terjadi proliferasi sel fibroblast dan penebalan dinding alveolus akibat deposisi kolagen. Rosuvastatin merupakan salah satu obat golongan statin diduga memiliki efek anti inflamasi sehingga dapat menjadi agen anti fibrotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek rosuvastatin terhadap ketebalan septum inter alveolaris dan jumlah sel mast pada tikus model fibrosis paru. Penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan posttest only controlled group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus Wistar jantan, berusia 8 minggu, berat badan (BB) 200-250 gram, berjumlah 15 ekor. Tikus diberikan amiodarone dosis 40 mg/kgBB selama 28 hari. Tikus dibagi dalam 3 Kelompok Perlakuan; K1: kontrol normal; K2: model fibrosis; K3: model fibrosis + terapi Rosuvastatin 10mg/kgBB selama 28 hari. Dilakukan pengukuran BB secara berkala. Gambaran ketebalan septum inter alveolaris didapatkan dari pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin (HE), gambaran sel Mast didapatkan dari pewarnaan Toluidine biru pada jaringan hati tikus, dan dikuantifikasi menggunakan perangkat lunak ImageJ. Data dianalisis dengan GrapPhad Prism 8.0.0 menggunakan uji non parametrik Kruskal-Wallis. Didapatkan Terapi rosuvastatin pada tikus model fibrosis paru menunjukan perbedaan bermakna ketebalan septum inter alveolaris (p=0,0001) dan jumlah sel mast berbeda bermakna (p=0,0009). Disimpulkan bahwa Rosuvastatin mampu memperbaiki ketebalan septum inter alveolaris dan jumlah sel mast pada tikus model fibrosis paru.
Pemberian Citicoline pada Tikus Cedera Saraf Mentalis: Ekspresi Gen SIRT1 Ganglion Trigeminal: The Administration of Citicoline on Rat Model with Mental Nerve Crush Injury: Gene Expression of Trigeminal Ganglion SIRT1 Pakaya, David; Tinta, Iniche; Ibrahim, Elfiana; Amri, Imtihanah
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2018): (March 2018)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (231.861 KB) | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2018.v4.i1.10005

Abstract

Cedera saraf perifer menyebabkan jumlah neuron menurun di ganglion sensorik, sehingga regenerasinya tidak baik. Pemberian Citicoline telah dilaporkan dapat memperbaiki kondisi fungsi motorik dan mencegah nyeri neuropati pada model tikus cedera saraf perifer. Pada ganglion sensorik, peningkatan regenerasi terkait dengan SIRT1 yang mendorong kelangsungan hidup neuron. Penelitian ini bertujuam untuk menguji hipotesis bahwa pemberian citicoline meningkatkan ekspresi gen SIRT1 fase akut pada model tikus cedera saraf mentalis. Setelah dianestesi, saraf mentalis kanan dijepit dengan klem tanpa gerigi selama 30 detik. Tikus-tikus dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, kelompok operasi sham, kelompok cedera dan kelompok citicoline. Citicoline diberikan secara i.p. 50 mg/kg BB/hari selama 7 hari. Tikus dinekropsi pada hari ke-1, 3 dan 7 setelah cedera. Pada hari ke-1,3,7 (3 tikus per kelompok), ganglion trigeminal kanan dipotong dan diekstraksi RNA, reverse transcriptase PCR dan qPCR untuk melihat ekspresi gen SIRT1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan ekspresi SIRT1 hari ke-7 setelah cedera saraf mentalis tikus yang diberikan terapi citicoline i.p. Sebagai kesimpulan, pemberian citicolin segera setelah cedera saraf mentalis meningkatkan ekspresi SIRT1 pada hari ke-7.
Ekstrak Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Memperbaiki Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa dan Jumlah Sel Mast pada Model Tikus Diabetes Terinfeksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Extract Improves Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Number of Mast Cells in Diabetic Rat Model that Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pakaya, David; Dewi, Marzela; Antari, Arlita Leniseptaria; Saraswati, Indah
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2020): (March 2020)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (178.89 KB) | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2020.v6.i1.13930

Abstract

Background: The condition of hyperglycemia in Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes a disruption of the function of phagocytes that can facilitate M. tuberculosis infection. Immunostimulant from natural ingredients can help improve the condition of hyperglycemia an immune function. Objective: To analyze the effect of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. extract on fasting blood glucose level and the number of mast cell in TB-DM mouse model. Methods: This experimental study used 27 male Wistar rats, 8 weeks of age, 200-230 g weight, divided into 3 groups, K: Normal control group, P1: TB-positive mouse group P2: Group rat TB-DM + Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L extract dose 250 mg/kgBW and 3 time measurement of H + 7 DM, H + 14 DM and H + 21 DM. TB-DM model mice were prepared with the administration of nicotinamide (NA) 100 mg/kgBW and streptozotocin (STZ) 65 mg/Kg BW, TB agent 1.5 x 105 CFU. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured by GOD-PAP method and Pulmonary tissue is excised, made in paraffin blocks and stained with blue Toluidine to count the mast cells. Results: There was an improvement in the mean fasting blood glucose levels in the group treated with the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. extract of 250 mg/kgBW compared to the TB-DM group without extract therapy followed by decreased the number of mast cell. Conclusion: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. extract. improves fasting blood glucose levels and decreases the number of mast cell of TB-DM rat model.
Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kacang Panjang (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp): Kajian Morfometri Insula Pankreatika Model Tikus Diabetes: Ethanol Extract of Some Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Leaves: Morphometry Study of Pancreatic Islet of Diabetic Rat Model Solehah, Puput Octaviani; Tarusu, Fikhta Agnesya; Tandi, Joni; Dewi, Niluh Puspita; Ratih Lintin, Gabriella Bamba; Fitriana, Yuli; Pakaya, David
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2019): (October 2019)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (201.118 KB) | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2019.v5.i2.13934

Abstract

Diabetes is characterized by an increasing of blood levels and progressive changes in the structure of pancreatic islet of pancreas. Natural ingredients that contain antioxidants such as some cowpea leaves can be an alternative treatment for diabetes. This study aims to examine the effect of ethanol extract of some cowepea leaves (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) on morphometry (perimeter and diameter) of pancreatic islet of diabetic rat models. The type of research is quasi-experimental with posttest group design. Samples were 30 male wistar rats, age 8 weeks, BW 250-300 grams, that induced by single dose of STZ 40 mg/kg BW. Rats were divided into 5 groups. Group A: normal control, Group B: negative control, Group C: positive control, Group D: DM rats with 100mg/Kg BW extract therapy, Group E: DM rats with 200mg/Kg BW extract therapy, Group F: DM rats with extract therapy 300mg/Kg BW. Blood sugar levels were measured on days 7, 14 and 21. Pancreatic tissue was prepared with 5μm thickness and stained with Hematoxylin Eosin. The sample was observed under 400x magnification microscope. The observation uses Image J software to measure the perimeter and diameter of the pancreatic insula. Data were analyzed by non-parametric Kruskal Wallis and post hoct Mann Whitney statistical tests. Blood glucose level was obtained on 21st day with the highest mean in group B (246.8±156.3) and lowest in group A (67.2 ±7.85), perimeter of pancreatic islet was significantly different (p=0.026), the diameter is significantly different (p =0.046). Ethanol extract of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) leaves with dose of 300mg/kgBB helps to restore the blood and morphometry of pancreatic islet model of diabetic rats.