Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
4.191
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian Media Farmasi : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi (Journal Of Pharmaceutical Science) Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Majalah Obat Tradisional MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Indonesian Journal of Chemistry JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Journal
Citra Ariani Edityaningrum, Citra
Faculty Of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Other

Published : 34 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 34 Documents
Search

 1   2   3   4 
Cytotoxic Potential of Combination of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extract and Cisplatin against HeLa Cervical Cancer Cell Line: A Study of Antiproliferative Activity and Apoptosis Induction Nurani, Laela Hayu; Azzahra, Fara; Utami, Dwi; Edityaningrum, Citra Ariani; Guntarti, Any; Irham, Lalu Muhammad; Daud, Intan; Khairurrizki, Amanda; Putra, Ichsan Luqmana Indra; Ismiyati, Nur; Rofida, Siti; Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 30, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.92440

Abstract

Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types, making the development of effective anticancer agents critical. Cisplatin (CIS) is a drug that has been used to treat cancer, but it also affects normal cells. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract (HSE), which has the potential as an anticancer agent, can be developed as a co-chemotherapy with CIS. This study aimed to determine the potential of HSE as a co-chemotherapy with CIS against HeLa cervical cancer cells and determine specific and non-specific parameters of the studied extract. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) simplicia powder was macerated with 96% ethanol. An in vitro evaluation was carried out on antiproliferative activity by calculating the doubling time. Additionally, a selectivity test was conducted to calculate combination index (CI) values based on the microtetrazolium (MTT) method. Apoptosis mechanisms were explored based on immunocytochemical methods using p53, caspase, and Bax antibodies, followed by an observation of apoptotic induction using a flow cytometer. The HSE and CIS selectivity index values obtained for Vero cells and HeLa cells were 209 and 278, respectively. The antiproliferation test results showed that the combination of HSE and CIS could better extend the doubling time of cells compared to the negative control. This combination also demonstrated a strong synergistic effect, with a CI value of 0.001. The extract as a co-chemotherapy with CIS was capable of increasing the expression of p53, caspase-3, and Bax. The flow cytometry analysis results indicated that HSE could induce apoptosis. Based on the results on the IC50 and CI value of HSE, as well as on the doubling time and apoptosis induction of HSE-influenced HeLa cells, it is concluded that HSE has the potential as a co-chemotherapy against cervical cancer.
Formulations and Antibacterial Activity of Shallot (Allium cepa L.) Peel Extract Patch against Streptococcus pyogenes Azizah, Siwi Nur; Ste, Luay Banna; Maulida, Khansa Syahira; Zahirah, Nadrah Adinda; Nisa, Salsabila Naura; Sri Mulyaningsih; Arimurni, Dewa Ayu; Edityaningrum, Citra Ariani
JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v12i22025.247-255

Abstract

Background: Bacterial pharyngitis is an inflammatory condition in the back of the throat caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Patients are often prescribed antibiotics and antiinflammatories to alleviate pain and discomfort while reducing bacterial growth in the throat. However improper and prolonged use of antibacterial and antiinflammatory agents increases the risk of bacterial resistance and side effects. An often discarded Shallot (Allium cepa L.) peel rich in flavonoids with great antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties is potentially used as an alternative treatment for bacterial pharyngitis. Objective: This study aimed to develop shallot peel extract as an antibacterial against Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods: Patch was formulated with variations in extract concentration of 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3) to observe their influence on weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, surface pH, moisture content, and antibacterial activity using disc diffusion. Results: All formulations produce slightly heavy and thicker but uniform patches (CV<5%), surface pH suitable for application in the skin (4.6-4.9), flexible and durable patches with high folding endurance (> 300 folds), good moisture content (<10%) and moderate to strong antibacterial activity (inhibition zone diameter ranging from 9 to 13.67 mm). Variations in extract concentration in the formula significantly influenced the thickness, weight, folding endurance, and also the antibacterial activity of the patches. Higher concentrations of extract produce thicker and heavier patches but stronger antibacterial activity against pharyngitis pathogens. Conclusion: Therefore, antibacterial patches containing up to 15% shallot peel extract are potentially used as an alternative treatment for pharyngitis.
Formulation and Physical Properties Evaluation of Ethanol Extract of Tapak Liman Leaves (Elephantopus scaber L.) Gel Preparation Pratiwi, Niken; Nisa, Khairun; Ariani Edityaningrum, Citra
Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/clips.v1i1.305

Abstract

Management of diabetic wounds is crucial to prevent severe complications including the potential of amputation. The conventional treatments often involve antibiotics as resistance frequently arises. Tapak liman (Elephantopus scaber L.) leaf extract, as an antibacterial agent, could be an alternative for treating diabetic wounds. For practical application, the extract is formulated into a gel. The objective of this study is to determine the concentration of the gelling agent HPMC and the humectant propylene glycol that can create the gel optimal formula, meeting the criteria for favorable physical properties. The study commences with the identification and phytochemical screening of tapak liman leaves extract. Subsequently, the extract was formulated in the forms of gels with concentrations of HPMC and propylene glycol. The evaluation included the testing of organoleptic, viscosity, pH, spreadability, and adhesiveness. Data is then subjected to analysis, beginning with normality tests followed by One-way ANOVA, in order to achieve the gel formula exhibiting the most favorable physical properties. This study reveal the following physical properties for F1, F2, and F3, respectively: pH values of 5.86 ± 0.257; 5.60 ± 0.068; and 5.53 ± 0.075, viscosities of 149.4233 ± 42.71002; 1,203.44 ± 154.1854; and 2,283.10 ± 530.2867 (cps), spreadability of 41.365 ± 0.47; 23.225 ± 0.64; and 18.805 ± 0.26 (g.cm/second), as well as adhesiveness of 1.59 ± 0.57; 2.08 ± 0.51; and 7.77 ± 1.14 (seconds). Based on the results above, it can be concluded that F3, with HPMC and propylene glycol concentrations of 3% and 14%, represents the optimal formula, demonstrating the best physical properties for a gel.
Formulasi Emulgel Minyak Biji Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) sebagai Sediaan Penyembuh Luka Bakar Monika, Tika; Edityaningrum, Citra Ariani; Binarjo, Annas
Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 1: Maret 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/mf.v12i1.3026

Abstract

Luka bakar merupakan suatu bentuk kerusakan atau kehilangan jaringan yang disebabkan kontak dengan sumber panas seperti api, air panas, bahan kimia, listrik, dan radiasi. Asam linoleat dan β-sitosterol merupakan senyawa aktif yang ditemukan didalam minyak biji bunga matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) yang mempunyai aktivitas dalam penyembuhan luka bakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik emulgel dan efek konsentrasi minyak biji bunga matahari pada sediaan emulgel terhadap aktivitas penyembuhan luka. Pada tahapan awal, minyak biji bunga matahari diidentifikasi kandungan β-sitosterol (menggunakan KLT) dan kandungan asam linoleatnya (menggunakan GS-MS). Selanjutnya minyak diformulasikan dalam emulgel dengan berbagai konsentrasiminyak biji bunga matahari yaitu F1 (3%), FII (5%), dan F III(10%). Krimdievaluasi sifat fisik meliputi pH, daya lekat, kemampuan proteksi, dan daya sebar; serta daya penyembuh luka bakar denganhewan uji marmut. Pembuatan luka bakar dilakukan dengan menggunakan solder yang telah dimodifikasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji statistika ANOVA dan LSD dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%.  Berdasarkan penelitian ini disimpulkan emulgel minyak biji bunga matahari dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka bakar. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi minyak biji bunga matahari, semakin tinggi aktivitasnya terhadap penyembuhan luka, serta daya sebar dan daya lekatnya.
Validasi Metode Analisis β-Karoten Dalam Ekstrak Etanol 96% Spirulina maxima Dengan Spektrofotometri Visibel Fatimah, Siti Fatmawati; Aisyah, Vani; Nurani, Laela Hayu; Edityaningrum, Citra Ariani
Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Vol. 15 No. 1: Maret 2018
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/mf.v15i1.12354

Abstract

Validasi metode analisis (VMA) penentuan kandungan β-karoten dalam Spirulina maxima perlu dilakukan agar didapatkan hasil yang valid dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan secara ilmiah. Tujuan penelitian adalah membuktikan metode analisis penetapan kadar β-karoten dalam ekstrak etanol 96% Spirulina maxima menggunakan spektrofotometer visibel memenuhi syarat validitas. Parameter yang digunakan dalam VMA diantaranya spesifisitas, linieritas, akurasi, presisi, limit deteksi dan limit kuantitas. Syarat yang harus dipenuhi ditiap parameter yaitu nilai korelasi (r) ≥ 0,98 untuk linieritas, persen perolehan kembali masuk dalam range 98-102% dan nilai RSD ≤ 2% untuk akurasi, nilai RSD ≤ 2% untuk presisi, profil spektragram spektrofotometri visibel yang sama antara sampel dan standar untuk uji spesifisitas. Hasil penelitian dengan parameter validasi diantaranya linieritas dengan nilai r=0,998, persen perolehan kembali dalam rentang 98-101%, presisi keberulangan sistem dengan RSD 1,14 %, presisi antara 0,99 % dan uji spesifisitas sesuai profil spektragram spektrofotometri visibel yang sama antara sampel dan standar. Nilai LOD yang diperoleh yaitu 1,656 ug/mL dan LOQ 5,017 ug/mL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka analisis penetapan kadar β-karoten dalam ekstrak etanol 96% Spirulina maxima dengan metode spektrofotometri visibel memenuhi syarat validitas menurut Petunjuk Operasional Penerapan CPOB tahun 2013.
Analisis Profil Minyak Atsiri Daun Kayu Putih (Melaleuca leucadendra L.) dan Produk di Pasaran Irfan, Nawwar; Nurani, Laela Hayu; Guntarti, Any; Salamah, Nina; Edityaningrum, Citra Ariani
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 10, No 3 (2022): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.5785

Abstract

Minyak kayu putih merupakan salah satu minyak atsiri yang biasa digunakan dalam sehari-hari. Produksi dalam negeri hanya dapat memproduksi minyak kayu putih 650 ton/tahun dari permintaan kebutuhan dalam negeri dalam setahun sebesar 3.500 ton sehingga memacu pemalsuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan profil minyak kayu putih hasil destilasi dengan minyak kayu putih yang ada di pasaran berdasarkan mutu Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Destilasi minyak atsiri dilakukan dengan 5 kg daun kayu putih menggunakan metode destilasi uap air selama 3 hari didapatkan rendemen sebesar 2,32%. Minyak kayu putih hasil destilasi dan minyak produk A, B dan C dilakukan pengujian profil minyak berdasarkan SNI 06-3954-2006 meliputi warna, bau, bobot jenis, indeks bias, kelarutan dalam etanol 70%, dan profil KLT. Hasil pengamatan organoleptis minyak hasil destilasi, produk A, B, dan C memiliki perbedaan warna, bobot jenis, dan kelarutan dalam etanol 70% serta tidak ada perbedaan bau dan indeks bias. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan profil minyak produk A, B, dan C yang tidak memenuhi SNI pada pengujian bobot jenis pada produk C. KLT dengan menggunakan fase diam silika gel GF254 dan fase gerak Toluen (100%). Profil KLT pada produk C tidak terlihat noda yang sama dengan standar eucalyptol yang diperlihatkan oleh minyak lainnya. Keywords: Analisis profil, Minyak kayu putih, SNI 06-3954-2006
Enhancing Anticancer Potential: Investigating the Synergistic Impact of Doxorubicin and Curcumin on HeLa and Vero Cells in Vitro Aristiani, Windy; Desvita, Widea Rossi; Khayatulisma, Dika; Edityaningrum, Citra Ariani; Guntarti, Any; Nurani, Laela Hayu
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2024): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.10887

Abstract

(1) Background: Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer globally and in Asia, standing as the second most common in Indonesia. Despite its efficacy, doxorubicin chemotherapy is associated with significant side effects. To mitigate these adverse effects, a promising approach involves combining conventional drugs with curcumin. Both curcumin and doxorubicin have demonstrated cytotoxic effects against cervical cancer (HeLa). This research aims to determine the synergistic effect of the combination of doxorubicin and curcumin on HeLa and safety in normal cells (Vero cells). (2) Methods: This study adopted an experimental design utilizing doxorubicin and curcumin samples with HeLa and Vero cells. The investigation was initiated with cytotoxic and combination tests using the MTT method. The obtained results included IC50 values and combination indices, and the analysis involved a comparative examination of outcomes between HeLa and Vero cells. (3) Results: Cytotoxic tests revealed IC50 values for doxorubicin and curcumin on HeLa cells, measured in 2,17 ± 0,06 and 26,37 ± 2,00 µg/mL, and 17,32 ± 1,99 and 181,88 ± 30,48 µg/mL on Vero cells. Combination test results were represented by combination index .(4) Conclusions: The synergistic effect is observed at the combination of curcumin at a concentration of 9 μg/mL and doxorubicin at a concentration of 0,125 μg/mL, resulting in a combination index of 0,50. These findings suggest a promising avenue for enhancing the therapeutic potential of doxorubicin in cervical cancer treatment while minimizing adverse effects.
Cytotoxicity of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum on HeLa cells and prediction of anti-proliferative activity via the jak2/stat3 and hedgehog pathways using a molecular docking approach Rofida, Siti; Nurani, Laela Hayu; Utami, Dwi; Edityaningrum, Citra Ariani
Pharmaciana Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v13i3.27482

Abstract

Cervical cancer is one of the second-leading causes of death in women. The discovery of cancer drug candidates continues to be carried out due to the resistance that occurs in cervical cancer therapy. Plant metabolite compounds are one of the sources used to explore new drug candidates. Red ginger rhizome is a candidate plant that has anti-cervical cancer activity. This study aims to determine the cytotoxicity of an ethanol extract of red ginger rhizomes on the growth of HeLa cancer cells and predict anti-proliferative activity via the jak2/stat3 and hedgehog pathways. The sample (red ginger rhizome simplicia) was extracted by remaceration using 75% ethanol. The MTT assay method is used to test the cytotoxicity and anti-proliferation of metabolite compounds using Autodock 4.2 software. The receptors used in the jak2, stat3, and smo pathways were obtained from the Protein Data Bank with the codes 6VGL, 6NUQ, and 5L7I, respectively. The ethanol extract produced is a thick yellowish brown extract with an aromatic smell and spicy taste, with an extract yield of 18.63% w/w. 75% ethanol extract of red ginger rhizomes has cytotoxic activity in HeLa cancer with an IC50 of 104.22 ± 6.18 µg/mL and an IC50 of cisplatin of 38.61 ± 3.66. Prediction of antiproliferative activity via the jak2 pathway shows a binding energy and Ki value of -7.47 kcal/mol, -7.48 kcal/mol, and 3.33 uM, 3.27 uM, as shown by alpha-cedrol and beta-eudesmol compounds. The highest inhibition on the stat3 and smo pathways was shown by the beta compound eudesmol, with binding energy and Ki values of -6.05 kcal/mol, -7.57 kcal/mol, and 36.48 uM, respectively; 2.81 uM.
Cytotoxicity of quercetin and curcumin combination against HeLa cells line Agitohutomo, Muhammad; Edityaningrum, Citra Ariani; Utari, Dina; Desvita, Widea Rossi; Aristiani, Windi; Nurani, Laela Hayu
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 5 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.11488

Abstract

Curcumin and quercetin combination are potential candidates for anticancer. Previous studies reported this combination active against several cancer cells including breast cancer, myeloid leukemia, and melanoma. However, the activity of this combination against cervical cancer has not been reported, yet. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the combination of curcumin and quercetin against HeLa and Vero cells. MTT assay was applied to evaluate cell growth inhibition. The inhibitory 50% concentration (IC50) of curcumin and quercetin on HeLa and Vero cells was determined and the selectivity index (SI) was then calculated. Combination index (CI) was calculated after evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the curcumin and quercetin combination at various concentration of 1 IC50, ½ IC50, and ¼ IC50. The IC50 of the curcumin against the HeLa and Vero cells were 26.57 ± 2.00 μM and 73.89 ± 12.93 μM with a SI of 2.78. Whereas the IC50 of the quercetin against the HeLa and Vero cells were 149.52 ± 21.09 μM and 1094.47 ± 15.68 μM with a SI of 7.32. The CI of combinations of curcumin and quercetin at concentrations of ¼ IC50 was 0.78 indicating a mild-moderate synergistic effect, whereas the combination at a concentration of 1 IC50 or ½ IC50, the CI value was >0.9 indicating an antagonistic effect.
Optimasi Kombinasi Polimer Hidroksi Propil Metil Selulosa K4M dan Natrium Karboksimetil Selulosa pada Formula Patch Ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design Putri, Cintana Violena Alifia; Edityaningrum, Citra Ariani
MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/mpi.v7i2.8002

Abstract

Ekstrak etanol daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) telah terbukti memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri karena memiliki kandungan senyawa berupa saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan tanin. Untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan dalam penggunaannya, ekstrak diformulasikan dalam bentuk patch. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi antara polimer hidroksi propil metil selulosa (HPMC) K4M serta natrium karboksi metil selulosa (CMC-Na) terhadap karakteristik fisik patch ekstrak daun alpukat. Penelitian diawali dengan skrining fitokimia ekstrak daun alpukat berupa uji alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Optimasi formula patch dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi HPMC K4M dan CMC-Na pada konsentrasi 0–3% dengan metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) menggunakan software Design Expert 13. Kemudian dilakukan uji sifat fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, bobot, pH, ketebalan, ketahanan lipat, dan swelling index, untuk menentukan formula terbaik. Verifikasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil uji sifat fisik prediksi software dengan hasil pengujian di laboratorium menggunakan one sample t-test dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa formula optimum yaitu dengan perbandingan HPMC K4M sebesar 2,325% dan CMC-Na sebesar 0,675%. Kombinasi polimer HPMC K4M dan CMC-Na secara signifikan dapat mempengaruhi ketahanan lipat, ketebalan, pH, dan bobot; namun tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap nilai swelling index patch ekstrak daun alpukat. Hasil verifikasi formula optimum menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara nilai prediksi program dengan hasil percobaan (sig 2-tailed > 0,05), sehingga menunjukkan bahwa model prediksi efektif dalam menghasilkan formula yang dapat memberikan sifat fisik patch sesuai yang diinginkan. Avocado leaf extract (Persea americana Mill.) has been proven to have the ability to inhibit bacterial growth because of the active compounds such as saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. To improve comfort in its use, the extract was formulated in the form of a patch. The focus of this study was to assess how the combination of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M polymers and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC-Na) affects the characteristics of the physical properties of patches made from avocado leaf extract. The study began with phytochemical screening of avocado leaf extract in the form of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin tests. Patch formula optimization was carried out by varying the concentration of HPMC K4M and CMC-Na (0–3%) using the Simplex Lattice Design method in Design Expert 13 software. The patch preparation was tested for physical properties including organoleptic tests, weight, pH, thickness, folding resistance, and swelling index, to determine the best formula. After that, verification was carried out by comparing the results of the software predicted physical properties test with the results of laboratory tests using a one sample t-test with a 95% confidence level. This study showed that the optimum formula was with a comparative concentration of HPMC K4M of 2.325% and CMC-Na of 0.675%. The combination of HPMC K4M and CMC-Na polymers was found to have significantly affected the folding resistance, thickness, pH, and weight, but did not show a significant effect on their swelling index value of avocado leaf extract patches. The results of the optimum formula verification showed no significant difference between the program predicted values and the experimental results (sig 2-tailed > 0.05), thus indicating that the prediction model was effective in producing a formula that could provide the desired physical properties of the patch.
Co-Authors Abdul Rohman Agitohutomo, Muhammad Aisyah, Vani Akrom, Akrom Aldri Frinaldi Anggita Rosiana Putri Anjar Windarsih Annas Binarjo Any Guntarti Any Guntarti Any Guntarti Arimurni, Dewa Ayu Aristiani, Windi Aristiani, Windy Ariza Nur Zulaechah Artika Tri Oktafiani Azizah, Siwi Nur Azzahra, Fara Daud, Intan Dian Prasasti Dwi Utami Efiana, Nuri Ari Endah Prastyaningrum Feby Zulien Hardi Astuti Witasari HENI RACHMAWATI Hidayati, Sholihatil Ibnu Gholib Gandjar Ibnu Gholib Gandjar Ichsan Luqmana Indra Putra, Ichsan Luqmana Indra Ichwan Ridwan Rais Irfan, Nawwar Irnawati Irnawati Khairun Nisa Khairurrizki, Amanda Khayatulisma, Dika Kintoko, Kintoko Laela Hayu Nurani Lalu Muhammad Irham Lina Widiyastuti Maulida, Khansa Syahira Ma’ruf, Muhammad Milanie, Rida Dwi Moch Saiful Bachri Moch. Saiful Bachri Monika, Tika Muhammad Ma'ruf Muhammad Yusron Maulana El-Yunusi Niken Pratiwi, Niken Nina Salamah Nisa, Salsabila Naura Nur Ismiyati Prastyaningrum, Endah Putri, Cintana Violena Alifia Rini Sulistyawati Rizki Amelia Siti Fatmawati Fatimah, Siti Fatmawati Siti Rofida Sri Mulyaningsih Ste, Luay Banna Sugiyanto - Sulistyorini, Dwi Agustin Tantri Sofia Fauziah Tika Monika Tika Monika, Tika Utari, Dina Vani Aisyah Wahyuningtyas, Nurma Widea Rossi Desvita Widiyastuti, Lina Widyasari Putranti Wihasty Nur Istyqomah Zahirah, Nadrah Adinda Zainab Zainab