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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,956 Documents
 186   187   188   189   190 
Influence of NaOH Concentration on the Crystallization and Phase Development of Titanium Dioxide Derived from Titanium Slag via Hydrothermal Processing Ngon, Hoang Trung; Tuan, Phan Dinh; Kien, Kieu Do Trung; Khoa, Tran Anh; Vi, Truong Khanh; Tuyet, Vo Ngoc
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99564

Abstract

The hydrothermal method presents a promising approach for synthesizing high-quality rutile TiO2 pigments from titanium slag, utilizing controlled NaOH concentrations to modulate crystalline and morphological properties. This study examined the effects of varying NaOH concentrations on the crystallization and phase composition of TiO2 derived from titanium slag. Mixtures of titanium slag and NaOH underwent hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C for 18 h, and the resulting TiO2 samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate phase composition and morphology. The results indicated that NaOH concentrations below 600 g/L promoted the formation of well-ordered, highly crystalline TiO2 with uniform crystal sizes. Conversely, higher NaOH concentrations increased the proportions of rutile and anatase phases, underscoring the significant impact of NaOH concentration on phase development. This study emphasizes the potential of the hydrothermal method in fine-tuning the properties of TiO2 for optimized pigment applications through adjustments in NaOH concentration.
Carbon Paste Electrode-Modified Imprinted Zeolite X and Its Performance as a Potentiometric and Voltammetric Sensor for Cholesterol Analysis Khasanah, Miratul; Widati, Alfa Akustia; Severia, Nadya Maya; Oktaviana, Citra Marantika Nur; Puspitasari, Evrillia; Ummah, Naftalia Wirdatul; Alviani, Ziana
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99700

Abstract

Carbon paste electrode-modified imprinted zeolite X has been developed as a potentiometry and voltammetry sensor to monitor cholesterol levels in the body. This is crucial to detect early health risks caused by high cholesterol levels. The modified electrode was fabricated with a mass ratio of activated carbon, paraffin, and imprinted zeolite X of 12:7:1. Potentiometric measurement produced a linear dynamic range of 10−6–10−3 M, Nernst factor of 27.12 mV/decade, a detection limit of 1.12 × 10−6 M, precision of 99.7% (n = 3), and accuracy of 99.8% (n = 5). Using the electrode for up to 56 measurements over 6 weeks did not significantly decrease its performance. The presence of glucose did not interfere with cholesterol analysis by potentiometry. The modified electrode was applied to analyze cholesterol voltammetrically at the optimum deposition potential of 0.4 V, deposition time of 60 s, and a scan rate of 100 mV/s. Voltammetric analysis of cholesterol resulted in a detection limit of 7.2 mg/L (1.86 µM), precision of 96–99%, accuracy of 74–114%, sensitivity of 7.1 nA.L/mg/cm2, and recovery of 87.2% (n = 3). The glucose and urea in various concentrations cause less than 5% current deviations.
An Innovative Strategy for the Green Synthesis of Nanochitosan Using Plant Extracts and Their Possible Applications: A Review Riki, Riki; Ahmad, Islamudin; Herman, Herman; Ibrahim, Arsyik; Rusman, Arman; Samsul, Erwin; Rusli, Rolan; Arifuddin, Muhammad; Junaidin, Junaidin; Bone, Mahfuzun; Rijai, Hifdzur Rashif; Hikmawan, Baso Didik
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100148

Abstract

The numerous applications of nanochitosan in a variety of sectors, including medicine, food, and agriculture, attract researchers to work toward the development of environmentally favorable, safe, and efficient synthesis methods. Currently, a biological approach is being developed to synthesize nanochitosan to address the limitations of conventional methods. The synthesis of biogenic pathways employs biological entities, including plant extracts and microorganisms, as nanoparticle-forming agents. The use of extracts is more desirable due to the simple working procedure, the absence of hazardous chemicals, the economic benefits, and the use of basic equipment. This article highlights the role of biomolecules in plant extracts, including polyphenols, terpenoids, citric acid, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, in the synthesis of nanochitosan. Nanoparticle preparation protocols and characterization using zeta potential analysis techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are briefly described. The potential applications of green nanochitosan are also discussed, considering the results of biological activity testing and the potential mechanisms associated with these activities. According to the results of numerous studies highlighted in this review, nanochitosan synthesis utilizing plant extracts appears to be a promising alternative approach to conventional methods.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) Complexes with Mixed Azo Dye and Bipyridyl Ligands Al-Dabbagh, Areej Kamal; Mawlood, Mawlood Khalid; Al-Hamdani, Abbas Ali Salih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100566

Abstract

Mixed ligands reaction of [2-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)diazinyl]-1,2-benzothiazol-3(2H)-one-1,1-dioxide] (H2L, primary ligand) and bipyridyl (secondary ligand) with salts of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) was performed. A series of air-stable complexes with distinctive octahedral moieties was created by equal molar ratio (1:1:1). The formation of these compounds was verified using detecting analysis techniques incorporating mass spectra, which validated the achieved geometries. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis demonstrated how the ligands (H2L and bipyridyl) are chelated as tridentate (ONO) and bidentate (NN) groups, respectively and the coordination with the metal ions. Thermal decomposition studies using pyrolysis (TGA and DSC) verified that water residues could be coordinated with metal complexes. Additionally, elemental micro-analysis, chlorine amount test, molar conductivity and melting points examination were carried out. Magnetic sensitivity of the susceptibility and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry can also reveal the coordination existence with the metals and complexes formation. The compounds' antioxidant records were finally evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical as a free radical method. It was compared to that of gallic acid as an accordingly standard antioxidant substance with its IC50 value. These complexes could restrict free radicals; [Fe(L)(bipy)Cl] has the best antioxidant activity, whereas [Ni(L)(bipy)H2O] has the lowest.
Evaluation of Extraction Buffers for Protein Identification in Fish Paste with Chicken Blood Plasma (CBP) Spikes: A Preliminary Mass Spectrometry Study Azmi, Nurhazirah; Abidin, Siti Aimi Sarah Zainal; Zakaria, Nurkhurul Ain; Shukor, Mohd Syarafuddin Abdul; Karsani, Saiful Anuar; Fatt, Low Kim; Yuswan, Mohd Hafis
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100755

Abstract

Blood plasma is commonly used as a protease inhibitor in surimi production to improve product quality and stability during processing. However, its use in food is prohibited in Islam and classified as najs al-mutawasitah, necessitating the detection of blood plasma adulteration to uphold halal standards and food safety. This study compared the effectiveness of different extraction buffers—ultrapure water, 0.05 M Tris-HCl, 0.05 M Tris-Urea, and ultrapure water followed by acetone precipitation—on protein and peptide yield from chicken blood plasma (CBP) using liquid chromatography–quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QTRAP-MS). Ultrapure water and acetone precipitation yielded the highest protein content, prompting further proteome profiling of CBP, fish paste, and surimi spiked with CBP (0.5, 1, and 1.5%) via liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF-MS). Apolipoprotein AI (Apo AI) and fibrinogens emerged as key proteins in CBP. Apo AI was detected in all spiked surimi samples, demonstrating its potential as a marker for blood plasma contamination. The proposed method enhances extraction and detection protocols, using mass spectrometry to provide a reliable tool for addressing halal compliance and mitigating food safety risks associated with blood-derived adulterants in surimi products.
Biomass Waste Incorporation in La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-α˗Ba(Ce0.6Zr0.4)0.9Y0.1O3-δ Composite Cathode: Effects on Microstructural and Physical Properties Ismail, Ismariza; Abdullah, Nur Ashafieka; Karim, Norizah Abd; Johari, Shazlina; Ramli, Muhammad Mahyiddin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100764

Abstract

This study explores the incorporation of rice straw as a pore-forming agent in fabricating the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-α˗Ba(Ce0.6Zr0.4)0.9Y0.1O3–δ (LSCF-BCZY) composite cathode, focusing on its microstructural and physical properties. Conventional cathode materials often face challenges in balancing porosity and structural stability, with synthetic pore formers posing environmental and consistency concerns. To address these issues, rice straw was introduced into the cathode matrix at varying weight percentages, and the composites were sintered at 1000 °C. The addition of rice straw was evaluated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and densitometry. The results revealed that increasing rice straw content significantly enhanced cathode porosity, rising from 5.53 to 27.74%, with a concomitant reduction in density from 1.33 to 0.93 g/cm3, while maintaining the crystalline stability of the LSCF-BCZY composite. Enhanced porosity suggests improved reactant diffusion to active sites, potentially benefiting the cell's performance in future energy applications. This work highlights the potential of agricultural waste as a sustainable and effective alternative to synthetic pore formers in cathode fabrication.
Revealing Microplastic Contamination in Mangrove Sediments from Setiu Wetlands, Malaysia Mohd Maulana, Nur Syafiqah; Zulkifli, Muhammad Shiddiq; Khalid, Aina Arifah; Shahrudin, Rohani; Tuan Anuar, Sabiqah; Jaafar, Maisarah; Ariffin, Effi Helmy
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100813

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems are vital for biodiversity conservation and coastal protection, serving as significant sinks for microplastics by trapping debris from both land and marine sources. This study investigates microplastic contamination in the mangrove sediments of Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu, a biodiversity hotspot with a unique landscape. Results revealed a concerning abundance of 2292 microplastic particles/kg of dry-weight sediment, with a high proportion of small-sized microplastics (< 1 mm). Areas influenced by aquacultural activities displayed the highest abundance, highlighting the connection between human activities and contamination levels. Over 80% of the microplastics were fibers, primarily transparent and black, with surface analysis revealing signs of environmental degradation, including cracks and pits. These surface modifications may facilitate biofilm growth and metal binding, potentially increasing their toxicity. Polypropylene was the most common polymer detected, linking contamination to the breakdown of packaging materials, fishing nets, and ropes. A significant inverse correlation was found between sediment pH and microplastic abundance, while no relationship was observed with organic matter content. These findings highlight the alarming presence of microplastics in mangrove ecosystems, stressing the need for urgent action in waste management, plastic reduction, and further investigation into the ecological consequences of this pervasive threat.
Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Analysis, DFT, and Computational/Anti-Corrosion Studies for New Azo Metal Complexes Jarallah, Hanadi Mahdi; Ali, Safaa Hussein
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.101069

Abstract

Two new azo-substituted ligands (L1 and L2) were synthesized in a two-step reaction involving condensation between diazonium salt and hydroxyanisole. L1 is (E)-2-(tert-butyl)-6-((4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-4-methoxyphenol, and L2 is (E)-2-((3-(tert-butyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)benzoic acid. These ligands were employed to synthesize four new bidentate azo metal complexes [MCl2(Lx)] (x = 1 or 2, M = Ni(II) or Cu(II)). The prepared compounds were characterized using various structural analysis techniques, including IR, EI-mass, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results confirmed that the ligands coordinate to the metal ion in a bidentate manner through the nitrogen atom of the azo group, the deprotonated phenolic oxygen in the case of L1, and the carboxylic oxygen in the case of L2. A theoretical study was also performed to predict the chemical reactivity and stability of the prepared ligands and their metal complexes. A set of mathematical calculations was employed to describe the full geometry optimizations using density functional theory (DFT), including chemical hardness (η), electronic chemical potential (μ), and electronegativity (χ). The small energy gap calculated between the highest occupied molecular orbital and least unoccupied molecular orbital energies indicates charge transfer within the complexes. These computational calculations suggest that the title compounds are promising candidates as corrosion inhibitors.
Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Immobilized Spent Coffee Powder Teoh, Jia-Jun; Ong, Siew-Teng; Ha, Sie-Tiong
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.101370

Abstract

In this work, the possibility of using immobilized spent coffee powder (ISCP) as an adsorbent for crystal violet (CV) adsorption from an aqueous solution was analyzed. The effect of process parameters such as pH, contact time, number of ISCP films, and initial CV concentrations on the removal of CV was studied. The optimum pH for the adsorption of CV was found to be at pH 7. The adsorption was rapid at the initial stage, and equilibrium was achieved in 100 min. The adsorption of CV increased with the increasing number of ISCP films. Characterization of ISCP was carried out by using FESEM and ATR-FTIR. Langmuir isotherm model can be used to explain the equilibrium data, and a maximum sorption capacity of 97.09 mg/g with a high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9986, was obtained. The experimental data were found to be fitted well into the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. From the Plackett-Burman results, both contact time and pH were identified as significant factors. Under the optimum experimental conditions based on RSM, the percentage uptake predicted by the model was in close agreement with the experimental values.
The Study of Removal of Remazol Red with Biomaterial Paras Stone and Opuntia ficus-indica by Coagulation-Flocculation Hulwati, Siti; Fardiyah, Qonitah; Rumhayati, Barlah; Anggraini, Vita Dwi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.102760

Abstract

The rapid progress of the textile industry sector has an impact on the environment by producing dye waste. The use of synthetic coagulants in processing textile industry waste containing azo dyes can cause residues that are detrimental to the environment. In this research, a technique for processing azo dye was done using natural coagulants. The use of natural coagulants provides several advantages, such as being eco-friendly, abundant, and cost-efficient. The potential of paras stone and Opuntia ficus-indica biomaterials as natural coagulants and flocculants for removing remazol red dye was thoroughly investigated under various conditions, including coagulant dose, the speed of coagulation, and the optimal initial pH of the test solution. The removal of remazol red dye was quantitatively analyzed using a UV-vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 520 nm. Findings from the research revealed that the removal efficiency of remazol red dye reached 96.70% with a coagulant dose of 2.75 g of paras stone and 2.00 g of O. ficus-indica at an optimal coagulation speed of 500 rpm and a pH of 4 for the testing solution. The results of this study provide an engineering perspective on optimizing operational parameters for removing remazol red in aquatic environments.

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