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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,981 Documents
 195   196   197   198   199 
Comparison of γ-Oryzanol Content Using HPLC Profiling and Bioactivity in Three Indonesian Brown Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Umar, Ja’far; Palis, Christine Natalia; Suyanto, Eko; Turhadi, Turhadi; Wihastuti, Titin Andri; Fatchiyah, Fatchiyah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 26, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100139

Abstract

Brown rice (BrR) is a nutrient-rich staple food and a potential source of γ-oryzanol, which has the potential to promote health effects in hypercholesterolemia. However, the availability and biological mechanism of γ-oryzanol in Indonesian BrR remain unexplored. This study aimed to characterize γ-oryzanol content in three Indonesian BrR varieties, Black Madras, Lawang, and UB BrR, and evaluate its biological functions for hypercholesterolemia. γ-Oryzanol was identified using HPLC, antioxidant activity by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method, and anticholesterol activity by the Lieberman-Burchard method. In silico analysis was performed to assess γ-oryzanol derivatives' interaction with microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). Black Madras BrR showed the highest γ-oryzanol content (0.3007 ± 0.0011 g). γ-Oryzanol was comprised of four main derivatives: cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate, and β-sitosteryl ferulate. Black Madras BrR exhibited strong antioxidant (IC50 18.89 ± 0.37 μg/mL) and anticholesterol (IC50 14.02 ± 0.23 µg/mL) activities. Docking simulations revealed that γ-oryzanol derivatives interact with MTP lipid-binding residues (Leu643, Ile666, Phe813, Val817) with the same binding energy as lomitapide. Molecular dynamics indicated γ-oryzanol stable interaction, closer to lomitapide. These findings proposed the potential bioactivity of γ-oryzanol from Black Madras BrR as antioxidant, anticholesterol, and a natural MTP inhibitor for hypercholesterolemia treatment.
Dysobinol from Chisocheton macrophyllus Selectively Induces G1 Cell Cycle Arrest in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Gaffar, Shabarni; Tambunan, Ghina Uli Felicia; Hafiz, Ersanda; Herlina, Tati; Wiraswati, Hesti Lina; Nurlelasari, Nurlelasari; Ma'ruf, Ilma Fauziah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 26, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100479

Abstract

Chisocheton macrophyllus is a medicinal plant that contains sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, limonoids, steroids, and phenolic compounds. This research aimed to assess the effect of Dysobinol, a limonoid compound from the seed of C. macrophyllus, on MCF-7 cell growth. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTS colorimetric assay, DNA fragmentation was assessed by agarose electrophoresis, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were determined by flow cytometry, and gene expression levels were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Dysobinol was also analyzed in silico using drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic, and molecular docking analysis. Dysobinol demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 of 148.20 μg/mL. Dysobinol induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest that was not accompanied by the induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. In silico studies showed that the EGFR/AKT/cyclin D1 proteins were affected by Dysobinol. Furthermore, drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics analysis showed that Dysobinol is bioavailable orally and has high gastrointestinal absorption and low penetration into the blood-brain barrier. Together, these results indicate that Dysobinol can regulate breast cancer cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis, and its pharmacological profile highlights its potential as a promising lead compound for anticancer drug development.
Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)-(E)-N’-(2-Hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide Complexes: Design, Characterization, ADME Study, and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity Alam, Yusuf Syahril; Fitria, Nuraini; Adama, Amelia Bella Putri; Salsabilla, Shava Alifia; Duhita, Shinta Ratna; Santoso, Mardi; Martak, Fahimah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 26, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.102090

Abstract

Four new hydrazone complexes were successfully synthesized from Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) metal ions with the ligand (E)-N’-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide. Structural elucidation was performed using CHNSO elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-vis, thermal analysis, and powder XRD. The FTIR spectra indicated the presence of coordination bonds in the form of M–N and M–O. The UV-vis spectrophotometer showed LMCT transitions. TGA characterization revealed that the Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complex compounds have an M:L ratio of 1:1, whereas the Zn(II) complex compound has an M:L ratio of 1:2. These findings were corroborated by the refinement results of the experimental and standard XRD diffractogram. Accordingly, the formulas of the Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) hydrazone complexes are [Co(L)(Cl)(H2O)], [Ni(L)(H2O)2]Cl2, [Cu(L)(H2O)]Cl, and [Zn(L)2], respectively. Furthermore, based on the determined M:L ratios, the Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes are inferred to possess square planar geometries, while the Zn(II) complex is suggested to be octahedral. The ADME study, aimed at assessing their potential as drug candidates, revealed various pharmacological characteristics of the compounds. Antibacterial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus (G+) and Escherichia coli (G−) showed the Cu(II) complex with the highest activity.
The Effect of pH on Quercetin Release from Zn Crosslinked Chitosan-Alginate Membrane and Its Kinetics Hastuti, Budi; Nurroudhlotiningtyas, Tejayani; Hadi, Saptono; Martanisa, Mutiah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 26, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104072

Abstract

This research aims to assess the ability of Zn-crosslinked chitosan (Chi) and alginate (AG) membranes to deliver quercetin into the body by testing the release with variations in the pH of the dissolution medium. Chi-AG membrane crosslinked with Zn and loaded with quercetin to produce Chi-AG-Zn membrane with tear-resistant and elastic properties. The FTIR spectrum of the Zn crosslinked Chi-AG membrane containing quercetin shows the formation of a Chi-AG-Zn membrane with a shift in the characteristic peaks and the formation of new characteristic groups, namely Zn at a wavelength of 549 cm−1 and phenol at 1379 cm−1. SEM testing showed that the surface of the fibrous membrane and quercetin were successfully loaded. Entrapment efficiency testing yielded relatively high results, specifically 91 ± 0.08%. The release of quercetin from the Zn-crosslinked Chi-AG membrane was investigated by varying the pH of the dissolution medium, specifically at pH 1.2, 5.0, and 7.4. The results showed the highest release at pH 7.4. Membrane release follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, and the release mechanism is governed by Fick's diffusion. These findings suggest that the Zn-crosslinked Chi-AG membrane has potential as a pH-responsive drug delivery system for targeted release in intestinal conditions.
Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Thrombocytopenic Activity of Dayak Onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) Extract and Fractions with HR-LCMS Profiling of Active Compounds Apriliana, Anita; Milanda, Tiana; Susilawati, Yasmiwar; Wilar, Gofarana
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 26, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104534

Abstract

Thrombocytopenia, characterized by a low platelet count, poses significant clinical challenges and can arise from various etiologies. This study investigates the anti-thrombocytopenic effects of Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) extracts and their fractions in Wistar rats. Ethanolic extracts and fractions were evaluated for their efficacy in enhancing platelet production. Male Wistar rats were administered doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, and platelet counts were measured at 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment. Results indicated that all doses of the ethanolic extract significantly increased platelet counts over time, with the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrating the highest efficacy at a dose of 24.087 mg/kg, achieving significant increases as early as 24 h post-administration. Phytochemical analysis revealed substantial levels of phenolics (318.80 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (45.63 mg QE/g) in the ethyl acetate fraction, with quercetin identified as a prominent compound via HR-LCMS. These findings suggest that Dayak onion possesses promising anti-thrombocytopenic properties, warranting further exploration as a therapeutic agent for accelerating platelet recovery in conditions such as dengue fever.
The Total Alkaloid Content, Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity, and Anti-Acne Properties of Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. Leaves Extracts at Varying Tree Ages Falah, Syamsul; Safithri, Mega; Zuraida, Zuraida; Lastini, Tien; Ariyanti, Riska; Marwanto, Yoga Dwi; Rahmania, Fitriani Jati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 26, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104676

Abstract

Toona sureni (Blume) Merr., known as Indonesian mahogany, is valued for its wood, while its leaves are used as vegetables and animal feed. However, its medicinal potential remains underexplored. This study evaluated the antibacterial and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of T. sureni leaf extracts from 16-, 27-, and 34-year-old trees. Extraction was performed by maceration using methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane for antibacterial testing; and 30, 70, and 96% ethanol for tyrosinase inhibition. Total alkaloid content was determined using the bromocresol green method, while antibacterial activity was assessed by disc diffusion and MIC, and tyrosinase inhibition by spectrophotometry using kojic acid as a control. It revealed a 3.83% alkaloid content in the 70% ethanolic leaves extract of the 34-year-old tree. The 96% ethanolic extract from 16-year-old leaves exhibited the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity at 86.66% with an IC50 value of 53.71±1.04 μg/mL. Antibacterial tests revealed that the methanol extract of 16-year-old trees inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (17.73 mm) and Propionibacterium acnes (15.80 mm) at 10,000 μg/mL, with MIC of 1000 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that the extract of 16-year-old tree has both antibacterial and tyrosinase inhibitory effects, with greater potential for cosmetic use, particularly in anti-acne and skin-brightening products.
α-Amylase Inhibitor Peptides Derived from Goat Casein Tryptic Hydrolysate Aulyawati, Nurwardian; Anwar, Chairil; Raharjo, Tri Joko
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 26, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.105030

Abstract

This study explores the potential of bioactive peptides derived from hydrolyzed goat milk casein as α-amylase inhibitors, with implications for diabetes management. Goat milk casein was hydrolyzed using trypsin at varying enzyme-to-protein ratios to achieve different degrees of hydrolysis (DH). The optimal enzyme-to-protein ratio of 1:40 yielded the highest DH (31.31%). The resulting hydrolyzates were fractionated using strong cationic exchange solid-phase extraction (SCX-SPE), and their α-amylase inhibitory activity was evaluated. The fraction collected at pH 5 exhibited the highest α-amylase inhibition, with an inhibition value of 76.88% and an IC50 of 221.69 μg/mL. This fraction also contained the highest total peptide mass (1,208.9 μg). The enzyme kinetic study demonstrates an uncompetitive inhibition by fraction 5. Molecular docking simulations revealed that peptides from the most active fractions, including EGIEELLTGTIR, SSPSKHQPPPIR, and LLPRKAK, interact with key residues in the active site of α-amylase. The docking results demonstrated favorable binding energies and stable interactions with critical binding pockets, indicating the peptides strong potential as α-amylase inhibitors. Furthermore, the docking analysis revealed that these peptides interact with both the active site and other regions outside the active site, indicating an uncompetitive inhibition mechanism.
Removal of Phenolphthalein from Laboratory Wastewater Using Natural Clay and Activated Carbon Guemache, Abderezak
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 26, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.105417

Abstract

Dyes from laboratory wastewater are considered a potential source of water contamination. In this study, natural clay and activated carbon were used to remove a colored indicator (phenolphthalein). Both adsorbents were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the colored indicator was characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer. The effects of various parameters, such as initial phenolphthalein concentration, contact time, temperature, pH, and decolorization, were studied. Dye removal increased with decreasing initial phenolphthalein concentration and solution contact time. The percentage of phenolphthalein removal increased accordingly, reaching 99% for activated carbon and 98% for natural clay. Langmuir and the Freundlich adsorption models were used to describe the adsorption equilibrium. The data very well fitted with these models. The monolayer adsorption capacities were equal to 31 mg g−1 at pH 8.0 and temperature 27 °C. The adsorption measurements show that the adsorption process is rapid and physical in nature. The results explain that the adsorption process isexothermic and spontaneous physisorption.
Exploring Strobilanthes crispus as a Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminium: Electrochemical Insight Across pH Variations Albarqouni, Yasin; Binti Wan Md Zain, Wan Salwanis; Agi, Augustine; Bin Abdullah, Arman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 26, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.105858

Abstract

Strobilanthes crispus leaf extract was investigated as a green corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in varying pH media (HCl pH 2, NaCl pH 7, NaOH pH 10). FTIR confirmed C–O and C=O functional groups are critical for inhibition. Weight loss measurements after 20 d in NaOH showed corrosion rates of 0.00061 mm/y at 0.2 mg/L inhibitor and 0.00038 mm/y at 0.8 mg/L, with efficiencies of 46.8 and 67.05%, respectively. Inhibition was weaker in NaCl (0.0003–0.0024 mm/y) and HCl (0.0037–0.0005 mm/y). Tafel polarization revealed a reduced corrosion rate in NaOH (0.00022 mm/y vs. 0.019 mm/y uninhibited) and a positive Ecorr shift. EIS demonstrated peak efficiency (75.5% at 0.8 mg/L in NaOH), supported by high charge transfer resistance Rct with about 6.80 × 104 Ω and oxide film resistance Rof with about 1.19 × 10⁶ Ω. SEM confirmed smoother surfaces in inhibited NaOH versus pitting in blanks. The extract’s efficacy in alkaline conditions rivals that of plant-derived inhibitors, though neutral/acidic performance was limited. These findings position S. crispus as a sustainable inhibitor for alkaline environments.
Integrative Network Pharmacology and In Silico Analysis of Sauropus androgynus Active Compounds as Potential Supplements Against Childhood Stunting Arwansyah, Arwansyah; Sabang, Sri Mulyani; Tahril, Tahril; Arif, Abdur Rahman; Sakung, Jamaludin Musa; Zubair, Muhammad Sulaiman; Wahyudi, Setyanto Tri
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 26, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.106207

Abstract

Stunted growth remains a critical public health concern, particularly in developing regions. This study investigates the potential of active compounds derived from Sauropus androgynus as dietary supplements for preventing growth stunting, employing a network pharmacology approach. Fifteen phytochemicals were analyzed, leading to the identification of 11 growth-related target proteins. Among them, protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 (PTPN11) emerged as a key regulatory protein related to cell growth, as determined by protein-protein interaction network analysis. Functional enrichment and pathway analyses further highlighted the relevance of these targets in growth-related mechanisms. Molecular docking was performed to investigate the molecular interactions between the active compounds of S. androgynous and PTPN11. The findings revealed that all compounds could form a complex at the active site of PTPN11. Furthermore, the top five ligands were subjected to MD simulation to evaluate the structural stability of all complexes. Among them, only two lead compounds, such as paeonol and phenylacetaldehyde, are stable in complex with PTPN11 during simulation. The findings suggest that S. androgynus contains promising active compounds that may serve as functional food supplements for preventing stunted growth, highlighting their potential role in improving child growth outcomes among at-risk populations.

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