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Ajuk Sapar
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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University Jl. Prof. Dr. Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Published by Universitas Tanjungpura
ISSN : 26208571     EISSN : 2620858X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IJoPAC) was first established in 2018 as a scientific journal that accommodates researchers and education practitioners to publish scientific work and research results which are the results of experiments or literature studies in the field of chemistry. Publications are carried out periodically with three issues (January-April, May-August, September-December) in one volume per year. Published scientific work can be in the form of original articles, short communications and review results covering the fields of Physical chemistry, Organic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Biochemistry / Biological Chemistry, Applied Chemistry. Focus and Scope of Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry covering the fields : Physical chemistry Organic chemistry Analytical chemistry Inorganic chemistry Biochemistry/Biological Chemistry Applied Chemistry
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 124 Documents
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PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF METHANOL EXTRACTS OF Artocarpus kemando MIQ. BRANCH BARK AGAINST Bacillus subtilis Andini, Vicka; Dwiwibangga, Yoravika; Arman, Etriyanto; Elfia, Mega
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/indonesian.v8i2.92461

Abstract

Artocarpus kemando Miq., a member of the Moraceae family, is found in tropical regions of Indonesia, including Karang Anyar, South Lampung. This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the phytochemical content and evaluate the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of Pudau branch bark against Bacillus subtilis. The extraction was performed using the maceration method with methanol as the solvent. Phytochemical screening was conducted in triplicate and revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins, while steroids were absent. Antibacterial activity was assessed in triplicate using the paper disc diffusion method, with results showing moderate activity of the extract, indicated by an average inhibition zone diameter of 10.33 mm. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the average inhibition zone diameters among the treatment groups (methanol extract, negative control, and positive control) with a p-value of 0.000. Tukey HSD post hoc analysis confirmed that the methanol extract exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity than the negative control, but significantly lower than the standard antibiotic amoxicillin (22.67 mm). These results highlight the potential of A. kemando Miq. Branch bark extract is a natural antibacterial agent, although its efficacy remains lower than the standard antibiotic (amoxicillin).
SINTESIS, KARAKTERISASI, DAN APLIKASI POLIANILIN SEBAGAI POLIMER KONDUKTIF DALAM TEKNOLOGI MODERN: A REVIEW Rifa'i, Fitra Ahmad; Saputra, Dewa Kahfi; Apriliana, Mahatma; Abidin, Luthfa Abibah Nur; Harjono, Harjono
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/indonesian.v8i2.94479

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) is a widely studied conductive polymer known for its high electrical conductivity, environmental stability, and ease of synthesis. This review critically summarizes the chemical and electrochemical synthesis routes of PANI, along with its structural and electronic characterization using FTIR, UV"“Vis Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), electrical conductivity analysis, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, it highlights the recent advancements in PANI applications across modern technologies, including chemical sensors, biosensors, supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and biomedical devices. By analyzing 68 peer-reviewed articles published within the last decade, this work emphasizes the impact of synthesis parameters and structural modifications on the functional performance of PANI. While PANI offers promising potential, challenges like poor solubility and mechanical limitations remain. This review aims to bridge synthesis, structure, and application relationships and propose future directions for enhancing PANI"™s multifunctionality through nanocomposites and dopant engineering.
TOTAL ALKALOID CONTENT , CYTOTOXICITY, AND SELECTIVITY OF ETANOL EXTRACT OF Litsea firma (Blume) Hook. F Hidayati, Putri Risti; Muharini, Rini; Erlina, Erlina
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 8, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/indonesian.v8i1.95469

Abstract

Litsea firma (Blume) Hook. f., known locally as Medang Piawas, is a Lauraceae plant found in West Kalimantan, which was traditionally used as medicine and reported to contain alkaloids. This study determined the total alkaloid content in ethanol extracts of the roots, stems, and leaves. Phytochemical tests with Dragendorff, Mayer, and Wagner reagents confirmed alkaloid presence, with the highest intensity in stems, followed by leaves and roots. Quantitative analysis by UV-Vis spectrophotometry using caffeine and quinine standards showed the stem extract contained the highest alkaloid levels (18.289 mg CE/g and 2.299 mg QE/g). Cytotoxic activity was evaluated against cancer cell lines (4T1, MCF-7, T47D, WiDr, HeLa, Hep G2) and normal Vero cells using the MTT assay. The root extract exhibited weak cytotoxicity against WiDr cells (IC50 201"“500 µg/mL) but was inactive against other cancer and normal cells. Stem and leaf extracts showed no cytotoxic effects (IC50 >500 µg/mL). These findings indicate that L. firma contains notable alkaloids, predominantly in stems, although its ethanol extracts demonstrate limited cytotoxic activity.
IN SILICO INVESTIGATION OF MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN INULOSUCRASE DERIVED FROM Aspergillus awamori AND EPE COMPOUNDS Aini, Diah Miftahul; Fajriati, Elza Kamila; Yuanita, Emmy; Antari, Gladeva Yugi; Ratnasari, Baiq Desy; Damayanti, Eva Hikmatul
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/indonesian.v8i2.96978

Abstract

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are important prebiotics synthesized by the enzymatic activity of inulosucrase, and understanding their molecular interactions is essential for exploring potential modulators. This study examined the interaction between inulosucrase from Aspergillus awamori (PDB ID: 1Y4W) and the compound EPE (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid) using an in silico molecular docking approach. Since the 1Y4W structure lacks a co-crystallized ligand, EPE was selected as a surrogate ligand derived from PDB ID: 3SC7 and prepared for docking simulations. Docking with AutoDock Vina produced a best binding affinity of "“5.6 kcal/mol, with the strongest hydrogen bond observed with TRP305 (1.92 Ã…) and additional interactions with TYR279 (3.75 Ã…). These results indicate a moderate but stable interaction, weaker than the native substrate fructose reported in crystallographic studies. Overall, EPE shows potential as a modulatory compound of inulosucrase activity and provides a basis for further enzymological and biotechnological research.
PENGARUH KOMBINASI PIGMEN KURKUMIN-β-KAROTEN TERHADAP SPEKTRA ABSORPSI DAN NILAI SPF PADA SEDIAAN LOTION Yanti, Ninda Meili; Alimuddin, Andi Hairil; Rahmalia, Winda
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 7, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/indonesian.v7i3.77543

Abstract

This research aimed to examine the effect of the combined use of curcumin and β-carotene pigments on their absorption spectra. Subsequently, these pigment combinations were incorporated into a lotion formulation to determine their respective Sun Protection Factor (SPF) values. Mixtures of curcumin and β-carotene were prepared at mass ratios (w/w) of 0:5, 1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1, and 5:0. Their absorption spectra were analyzed with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer over the 200"“600 nm wavelength range using ethyl acetate as the solvent. Then, 6% of each pigment mixture was incorporated into a lotion base. The results of the UV-Vis analysis revealed no significant spectral shifts across the various mixtures. However, a notable increase in absorption intensity (a hyperchromic effect) was explicitly observed for the 1:4 mass ratio of curcumin to β-carotene. The SPF values for the lotion samples containing 6% of the pigment mixtures were as follows: 5.02 (0:5), 8.32 (1:4), 8.63 (2:3), 8.10 (3:2), 8.14 (4:1), and 8.09 (5:0). Although the observed increase was not statistically significant, these findings suggest that the combination of curcumin and β-carotene pigments can enhance the SPF value relative to that of the individual components.
PENGARUH PARAMETER OPERASI PADA PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK JELANTAH MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS TULANG SAPI TERHADAP YIELD DAN DENSITAS BIODIESEL Sidabutar, Elizabeth Desfelia Ciciolini; Sujana, I Made Ivan Wijayarta Cakra; Oktavia, Fika Dwi; Putri, Nita Ariestiana; Sari, Martina Puspita
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/indonesian.v8i2.96860

Abstract

This study uses a heterogeneous catalyst derived from bovine bones to examine the effect of calcination temperature, calcination time, and mass catalyst loading on the yield and density of biodiesel synthesized from waste cooking oil. The bones were cleaned, pressure-cooked, dried, ground, sieved, and then calcined at temperatures of 800 °C and 1000 °C for 2, 4, and 6 hours. The transesterification process was conducted at 65 °C for 1 hour with 4% and 6% catalyst loadings by weight of the waste cooking oil. The results showed that a calcination temperature of 1000 °C produced more stable and active catalysts, thus increasing biodiesel yield, especially at longer calcination times. The highest yield of 72.81% was achieved using 6% catalyst calcined at 1000 °C for 6 hours. In contrast, at 800 °C, the yield tended to decrease or remain inconsistent as calcination time increased. The biodiesel density ranged from 0.944 to 0.955 g/mL, slightly higher than the standard value, possibly due to incomplete conversion or residual glycerides. These findings indicate that calcination temperature, calcination time, and catalyst loading play a significant role in the efficiency of biodiesel synthesis using bovine bone catalysts.
STUDY OF REACTION TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS FROM WASTE PALM OIL Roza, Faizatin Nadya; Widyaningrum, Sri Rahayu; Alvita, Livia Rhea; Rezki, Amelia Sri
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/indonesian.v8i2.96780

Abstract

Biodiesel is one of the alternative renewable energy resources to petroleum diesel. It has gained significant attention due to its biodegradability, lower emissions, and compatibility with existing diesel engines. Usually, producing biodiesel requires a reaction called transesterification. It is the most popular way to turn oils into biodiesel. It basically involves mixing triglycerides with alcohol and a catalyst. Reaction temperature is one of the most important factors that impact the transesterification process. The research investigated how the different reaction temperatures could affect biodiesel's quality and physicochemical results synthesized from waste palm oil. The subject of the research was temperature treatment divided into five groups, which were 50 °C, 55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, and 70 °C. A quantitative method was implemented to analyze biodiesel quality from waste palm oil. The quantitative data from biodiesel production were the yield and its byproduct, as well as the percentage level of the free fatty acid (FFA) as a result of physicochemical analysis of biodiesel. The result of the research was that the optimum temperatures to produce biodiesel synthetically were 55 °C and 60 °C because both had the highest biodiesel yield percentage and glycerin volume compared to other reaction temperature treatments. Additionally, all the reaction temperature treatments resulted in FFA levels under 0.5% for biodiesel products. They experienced a decline in raw material, waste palm oil, which had more than 0.75% until ~1% of FFA levels for each reaction temperature. The biodiesel's FFA levels showed that the study's biodiesel met international production standards.
EDIBLE FILM BERBASIS PULP KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.) DAN KULIT BUAH SEMANGKA (Citrullus lanatus) SEBAGAI TEKNOLOGI FOOD PACKAGING Reski, Alpi Meitia; Patricia, Anggun Dwi; Azira, Ayu; Sihotang, Andreas; Tarigan, Indra Lasmana
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 7, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/indonesian.v7i3.75567

Abstract

This study evaluated the physical characteristics (thickness and surface morphology) and chemical properties (composition and functional groups) of edible films made from cocoa pulp and watermelon rind. Additionally, it investigated the effect of citrulline concentration on the solubility of the film and its impact on extending the shelf life of Jambi potato dodol. The experimental data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the significance of differences among treatments. The citrulline concentration variation factor consisted of two concentration levels, namely 5% and 15%. The results showed that the thickness of the edible film was 0.26 mm for the film containing 5% citrulline and 0.16 mm for the film with 15% citrulline. The viscosity of the film-forming solution influenced the surface morphology of the edible film. A chemical characteristics test was carried out using FTIR analysis, which showed the presence of several different functional groups at various wave numbers. Dodol packaged with edible film demonstrated a relatively good shelf life against microbial growth. The most effective edible film in enhancing resistance to bacterial contamination was the one containing 15% citrullin.
NANO ANTIBACTERIAL LIQUID SOAP FORMULATION BASED ON NYAMPLUNG SEED OIL WITH ACTIVE INGREDIENTS METHANOL EXTRACT OF KETAPANG FRUIT Chasani, Mochammad; Riyani, Kapti; Setyaningtyas, Tien; Putri, Prima Dwi Rahma; Saputra, Dimas
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/indonesian.v8i3.76190

Abstract

The development of science and technology in cosmetics is shifting towards a natural approach, utilizing natural ingredients with potential benefits. Nyamplung seed oil is an abundant, non-edible oil that contains fatty acid chains with the potential to serve as a base for soap. The optimization of the soap effect is achieved through a nanoformulation using the sonication method to enhance sound delivery. The objective of this study is to produce soap products from a methanol extract of Ketapang flesh with the best characteristics according to SNI and to determine the effect of a liquid soap nanoformula on antibacterial activity. The results of the study showed that SA1 (a 1% methanol extract of Ketapang flesh) is a liquid soap with the best characteristics according to the SNI. The characterization results are as follows: pH 9.185, density 1.0212 g/mL, total fatty acid percentage 66.93%, neutral fatty acids 3.5356%, free fat 2.2533%, and foam stability 88.50%. The antibacterial activity of liquid soap (SA1) of nanoformula was higher than that of non-nano with an inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus of 19.97 mm and 18.04 mm.
THE EFFECT OF SOAKING TIME AND CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM METABISULFITE ON VITAMIN C LEVELS IN CANDIED MANALAGI MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) Devianti, Vika Ayu
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/indonesian.v8i3.81671

Abstract

Mango is a plant that is commonly cultivated and consumed in Indonesia. Mangoes are generally consumed directly, and some are made into processed products, one of which is wet candied. This processing aims to extend the shelf life of the fruit. The process of making wet candied is generally soaked with sodium metabisulfite as a preservative. This study aims to determine the effect of soaking time and sodium metabisulfite concentration on vitamin C levels in Manalagi candied mangoes. Vitamin C is an unstable compound and is easily oxidised during processing. Vitamin C content in Manalagi Candied mangoes was analysed by Iodometric titration method. The results of this study showed that the levels of vitamin C obtained from candied mangoes soaked in sodium metabisulfite for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes were 115.3; 153.22; 184.49; 150.0; and 170.32 mg/L, respectively. The level of Vitamin C in candied manalagi mangoes soaked in 50; 100; 150; and 200 ppm sodium metabisulfite was 128; 136.8; 107.84; 123.68 mg/L, respectively. The results of the ANOVA statistical analysis have a Sig value more than 0,05 indicating that the soaking time of sodium metabisulfite and the concentration of sodium metabisulfite have no significant effect on vitamin C levels in Candied Manalagi Mango.

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