cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Acep Roni Hamdani
Contact Email
acepronihamdani@unpas.ac.id
Phone
+6287726846888
Journal Mail Official
jurnalilmiahpendas@unpas.ac.id
Editorial Address
Jl. Taman Sari No. 6-8 Bandung
Location
Kota bandung,
Jawa barat
INDONESIA
Pendas : Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar
Published by Universitas Pasundan
ISSN : 24772143     EISSN : 25486950     DOI : 10.23969
Core Subject : Education,
Other
Pendas : Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar is a journal published twice a year, namely in June and December that aims to be a forum for scientific publications to pour ideas and studies complemented with the results of research related to primary school education. To achieve this, basic education journals will selectively disseminate ideas and studies complemented by quality research results related to basic education, develop an education center to the elementary-school that can produce innovative, creative and original work and tested in the field of education and learning elementary School to be disseminated and implemented for improving the quality of primary-to-national education at the national, regional and international levels.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Seni dan Humaniora (Lain-Lain)
Articles 15,076 Documents
 528   529   530   531   532 
PENGARUH LATIHAN MENGGUNAKAN RESISTANCE BAND TERHADAP DAYA TAHAN OTOT LENGAN ATLET DAYUNG JUNIOR JALUR RAJO BUJANG KECAMATAN PANGEAN KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI Abdul Hamidy Ramadhan; Hirja Hidayat; Oca Fernandes; Siti Maesaroh
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 04 (2025): Volume 10 No. 04 Desember 2025 Build
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i04.25984

Abstract

This study uses a quantitative research method with Quasi-experimental (Nonequivalent Control Group Design), this design is almost the same as the pre-test and post-test control group design, which means that this design has two groups that are selected and then given a pre-test to find out the initial state of whether there is a difference between the experimental group and the control group, the difference lies in the sampling that is not randomly selected. Based on leven's test for equality of variances, a value of F=3.505 with a value of sig.=0.072. Because the significance value (sig.) is greater than 0.05, it can be concluded that the variance of the two groups is homogeneous, so the results of the t-test are used in the first line (equal variances assumed). In the independent sample t-test, the value of t=1.321 was obtained, with df=28 and sig. (2-tailed)=0.197. This significance value was greater than 0.05, which means that there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group in the post-test results. In addition, the average difference between the two groups was 1,667 with a 95% confidence interval range of -919 to 4,252. Since this range includes a value of zero, it further reinforces that there is no significant difference between the two groups.
MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN GURU DALAM PENERAPAN KURIKULUM MERDEKA MANDIRI BERBAGI DI SD NEGERI 190 BARRU Nur Hasnita; Wahira; Hasan
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i03.27730

Abstract

This study aims to explore how teacher learning management is carried out in the implementation of the Independent Shared Freedom Curriculum at SD Negeri 190 Barru, the challenges faced by teachers, and the strategies they employ to overcome those challenges. This is a qualitative research study using a descriptive method. Data collection techniques include observation, in-depth interviews with teachers, and documentation. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that teacher learning management at SD Negeri 190 Barru has been implemented fairly well and aligns with the principles of the Independent Curriculum, particularly in granting teachers the autonomy to design learning that suits the characteristics of their students. In the planning stage, teachers have used learning outcomes and teaching modules tailored to students’ needs. In the implementation stage, differentiated learning practices were observed. In the evaluation stage, diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments were carried out adequately by the teachers. However, several challenges remain, including limited resources, the need for in-depth teacher training, classroom management skills, and a lack of collaboration among teachers. To address these challenges, teachers have adopted various strategies such as engaging in self-directed training based on individual needs, enhancing collaboration, integrating technology, and developing available resources. This study recommends the provision of supporting facilities to optimize the implementation of the curriculum.
PROJEK NGGIWAR : STUDI PADA RUANG KREATIVITAS DAN KEMANDIRIAN DI SD EKSPERIMENTAL MANGUNAN YOGYAKARTA Setyaningsih, Clara Dwi; Vendira Putri , Verena Agna; Chandra Dewi, Laura Savina; Prasetya, Andreas Erwin
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i03.27957

Abstract

This article aims to explore the uniqueness of the Nggiwar Project implemented at SD Eksperimental Mangunan, Yogyakarta. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach and was conducted at SD Eksperimental Mangunan from February to May 2025. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The subjects of this study included class facilitators and second-grade students of SD Eksperimental Mangunan, while the object of the research was the analysis of the unique characteristics of the Nggiwar Project. To ensure data validity, triangulation techniques were applied. Data analysis followed the qualitative method stages proposed by Sugiyono (2019), which include data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the learning process at SD Eksperimental Mangunan emphasizes freedom, creativity, and active student involvement in knowledge exploration. This is clearly reflected in the implementation of the Nggiwar Project, a distinctive instructional method at the school. The Nggiwar Project serves as a concrete manifestation of the school's effort to shape students who are explorative, collaborative, and integrative thinkers, in alignment with the school’s educational vision. 
EVALUASI DAN PENGUKURAN KEBERHASILAN USAHA PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS KEWIRAUSAHAAN Takdirmin; Syarkawi Amin Syukur; Prasetya, Aldian Dwi; Hasim, Nur Fadilah; Amalia, Dina
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i03.28154

Abstract

Education is a strategic sector requiring professional, entrepreneurship-based governance in the era of globalization. This article aims to elaborate on the concept of evaluation, measurement methods, and success indicators for educational ventures. Employing a qualitative approach with a literature review design, data was collected from journal articles, books, and seminar proceedings via databases like Google Scholar, then analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings indicate that evaluation is a vital component assessing the success, effectiveness, and efficiency of educational programs, covering managerial to operational aspects. Various evaluation models such as Goal-Oriented, Goal-Free, Responsive Evaluation, and CIPP are relevant. The success of educational ventures is measured not only by academic or financial achievements but also by non-financial indicators like motivation, creativity, development strategies, and extensive networks. In conclusion, systematic and holistic evaluation is crucial for educational institutions to adapt and achieve objectives effectively and sustainably. Recommendations include broadening success indicators, adapting appropriate evaluation models, enhancing evaluator competence, strengthening networks, and conducting further empirical research.
MEDIA KOMIK MATEMATIKA DIGITAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI DAN RESILIENSI MATEMATIS SISWA Atika Hidayah; Netriwati; Fraulein Intan Suri
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i03.28294

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop digital mathematics comic media to improve students' mathematical representation and resilience skills. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) by adopting the DDD-E (Decide, Design, Develop, and Evaluate) model. The results of this development research are in the form of digital mathematics comic media on the material of lines and angles that can be accessed via gadgets online. The level of product validation is obtained from the assessment of the expert team, namely material validation 4.43 with the category "very valid" and media validation 4.76 with the category "very valid". Then the digital math comic media was declared effective in improving students' mathematical resilience abilities with an average N-Gain score of the experimental class of 0.44, better than the N-Gain score of the control class of 0.01. And the increase in students' mathematical representation abilities using digital math comic media with an average N-Gain of 0.49 was not greater than students who used conventional learning media with an average N-Gain of 0.38.
ANALISIS PENANAMAN SIKAP PEDULI LINGKUNGAN MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN IPAS PADA SISWA KELAS V DI SDN 04 SINGKAWANG Angga Prayoga; Wahyuni Oktavia; Safrihady
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 04 (2025): Volume 10 No. 04 Desember 2025 Build
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i04.28523

Abstract

This study aims to: (1) Environmental Care Attitude of grade V students at SDN 04 Singkawang (2) factors that influence the cultivation of environmental care attitudes through IPAS learning in grade V students of SDN 04 Singkawang. This research is a qualitative research, with questionnaire, interview and documentation methods. The subjects in this study were 34 people which included 1 educator from 33 students from class V SDN 04 Singkawang. The reason the researcher made class V as an informant is because they are at a stage of cognitive, social, and moral development that allows them to understand, respond, and express attitudes towards environmental issues quite well. In addition, they have obtained relevant learning materials, so they are considered appropriate and strategic in exploring the environmental care attitudes of elementary school students. The results showed that (1) Environmental Care Attitude of grade V students at SDN 04 Singkawang showed a level of concern for the environment. Their behavior shows five main indicators, namely, hard work, initiative, respect for cleanliness, responsibility, and wise use of resources. To build a strong and consistent attitude of environmental care, strengthening through habituation, continuous education, and the active role of parents and teachers are still needed; (2) factors that influence the cultivation of environmental care attitudes through IPAS learning in grade V students of SDN 04 Singkawang are 2, namely, supporting factors and inhibiting factors. In the supporting factors there is the role of the teacher, Active and Contextual Learning Methods, Adequate Facilities and Infrastructure, Parental Involvement, and Habituation and Routine Activities. While the inhibiting factors are the lack of individual student awareness, the surrounding environment, limited facilities, and limited IPAS learning time / hours.
META-ANALISIS: PERAN PANCASILA SEBAGAI IDEOLOGI BANGSA DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER CINTA TANAH AIR PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR Meidiani, Ni Made; Sanjaya, Dewa Bagus; Suastika, I Nengah
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 3 September 2025 In Order
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i03.28793

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji, melalui pendekatan meta-analisis, peran Pancasila sebagai ideologi bangsa dalam membentuk karakter cinta tanah air pada siswa sekolah dasar, berdasarkan artikel-artikel ilmiah terakreditasi yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 10 artikel dari berbagai jurnal nasional terakreditasi. Hasil meta-analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai Pancasila secara konsisten diterapkan dalam pembelajaran melalui kurikulum, kegiatan kokurikuler, dan pembiasaan karakter di sekolah dasar. Nilai-nilai seperti persatuan, penghargaan terhadap keberagaman, dan penguatan semangat kebangsaan menjadi indikator utama dalam pengembangan karakter cinta tanah air. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam pendidikan dasar menjadi fondasi strategis dalam membangun karakter kebangsaan sejak usia dini.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI ASTRON SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATERI SISTEM TATA SURYA DI KELAS VI SD Kamal Aramdan Akbar; Regina Lichteria Panjaitan; Rana Gustian Nugraha
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i03.29015

Abstract

This study aims to develop and assess the validity and practicality of the ASTRON application as an interactive learning medium for solar system material in sixth-grade elementary school. The development of this application was motivated by students’ difficulties in understanding abstract concepts such as the Earth's rotation, planetary revolution, and planetary characteristics, which cannot be directly observed. In addition, the development was also driven by the need for interactive learning media that align with technological advancements to support a more effective learning process. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The product was validated by six validators, consisting of three subject matter experts and three media experts, with validation results of 94.61% and 91.29%, respectively—both categorized as very valid. Practicality testing was conducted in three stages: individual trials (91%), small group trials (90%), and large group trials (99%), all of which indicated the very practical category. The ASTRON application contains interactive multimedia content, including text-based material, illustrative images, instructional videos, quizzes, and educational games. It was developed based on constructivist and behaviorist learning theories, Mayer’s multimedia theory, and the VAK learning style approach (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic). The results indicate that the ASTRON application is feasible and practical to use as a learning medium that can enhance student engagement and motivation in learning about the solar system.
FENOMENA GAME ONLINE DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA TEKNOLOGI PENDIDIKAN: KEBIASAAN, DAMPAK AKADEMIK, DAN POTENSI EDUKATIF Pertiwi, Anna; Gasong, Dina
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 3 September 2025 In Order
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i03.29065

Abstract

This study aims to describe the phenomenon of online games among Educational Technology students, focusing on playing habits, impacts on academic activities, and students' perceptions of the educational potential of online games. The research method uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a sample of 97 students (23 males and 74 females). The results showed that the majority of students play games every day (33%) with a duration of 1–2 hours/day. The type of MOBA game (Mobile Legends) is the most popular (39.2%). As many as 57.7% of students admitted that games affect study time, but 71.1% said games help reduce stress. In addition, 65% of students believe that online games have educational potential. These findings provide important implications for the development of game-based learning media and student time management.
PENGEMBANGAN E-MAGAZINE BERBASIS PROYEK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS PADA MATERI KLASIFIKASI MAKHLUK HIDUP Rindyana Kusuma; Ratno, Puspoko Ponco; Maiyanti, Aziza Anggi; Pradana, Mochamad Desta
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025 In Press
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i03.29189

Abstract

This study aims to develop a project-based e-magazine as a learning medium on the topic of classification of living organisms to improve students’ science process skills. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The trial subjects were 29 seventh-grade students at MTsN 3 Kediri. The research instruments included validation sheets, science process skills questionnaires, and pretest-posttest items. Data analysis techniques involved validity and reliability tests, normality tests, paired sample t-tests, and N-Gain calculations. The validation results indicated that the e-magazine was highly valid, with an average expert score exceeding 80%. The reliability test showed a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.932 (highly reliable). The paired sample t-test yielded a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. The average N-Gain score was 0.544, categorized as moderate. Therefore, the project-based e-magazine is considered feasible and moderately effective in improving students’ science process skills, particularly in observing, classifying, concluding, and communicating.

Page 530 of 1508 | Total Record : 15076

 528   529   530   531   532 

Filter by Year

2016 2026


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 11 No. 02 (2026): Volume 11 Nomor 02, Juni 2026 Published Vol. 11 No. 02 (2026): Volume 11 No. 02, Juni 2026 Produce Vol. 11 No. 02 (2026): Volume 11 Nomor 02, Juni 2026 Public Vol. 11 No. 01 (2026): Volume 11 No. 01 Maret 2026 Produce Vol. 11 No. 01 (2026): Volume 11 No. 01 Maret 2026 Vol. 11 No. 01 (2026): Volume 11 No. 01 Maret 2026 Public Vol. 11 No. 01 (2026): Volume 11 No. 01 Maret 2026 Published Vol. 11 No. 01 (2026): Volume 11 No. 01 Maret 2026 Publish Vol. 11 No. 01 (2026): Volume 11 No. 01 Maret 2026 Press Vol. 11 No. 01 (2026): Volume 11 No. 01, Maret 2026 Release Vol. 11 No. 02 (2026): Volume 11 No. 2, Juni 2026 Publish Vol. 11 No. 02 (2026): Volume 11 No. 2, Juni 2026 Release Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Volume 11 No.1, Maret 2026. Vol. 10 No. 04 (2025): Volume 10 No. 04 Desember 2025 Vol. 10 No. 04 (2025): Volume 10 No. 04 Desember 2025 Press Vol. 10 No. 04 (2025): Volume 10 No. 04 Desember 2025 Terbit Vol. 10 No. 04 (2025): Volume 10 No. 04 Desember 2025 Published Vol. 10 No. 04 (2025): Volume 10 No. 04 Desember 2025 In Process Vol. 10 No. 04 (2025): Volume 10 No. 04 Desember 2025 In Published Vol. 10 No. 04 (2025): Volume 10 No. 04 Desember 2025 In Order Vol. 10 No. 04 (2025): Volume 10 No. 04 Desember 2025 Build Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025 In Press Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025 Published Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025 In Process Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025 Build Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025 Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 03 September 2025 Terbit Vol. 10 No. 02 (2025): Volume 10 No. 02 Juni 2025 In Progres Vol. 10 No. 02 (2025): Volume 10, Nomor 02 Juni 2025 publish Vol. 10 No. 02 (2025): Volume 10, Nomor 02 Juni 2025 Vol. 10 No. 02 (2025): Volume 10 No. 02 Juni 2025 Vol. 10 No. 02 (2025): Volume 10 No. 02 Juni 2025 In Press Vol. 10 No. 02 (2025): Volume 10, Nomor 02 Juni 2025 t Vol. 10 No. 02 (2025): Volume 10 No. 02 Juni 2025 In Build Vol. 10 No. 01 (2025): Volume 10, Nomor 01 Maret 2025 Vol. 10 No. 01 (2025): Volume 10, Nomor 01, Maret 2025 Vol. 10 No. 01 (2025): Volume 10, Nomor 01 Maret 2025 in progress Vol. 10 No. 01 (2025): Volume 10 No. 01 Maret 2025 In Press. Vol. 10 No. 01 (2025): Volume 10 No. 01 Maret 2025 In Process Vol. 10 No. 03 (2025): Volume 10 No. 3 September 2025 In Order Vol. 10 No. 02` (2025): Volume 10 No. 2 Juni 2024 In Built Vol. 10 No. 01 (2025): Volume 10 Nomor 1, Maret 2025 Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): Volume 10. No4, Desember 2025. Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Volume 10 No3 September, 2025 Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Volume 10 Nomor2, Juni 2025 Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Volume 10 No. 2 Juni 2025 Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Volume10 Nomor 2, Juni 2025 Vol. 9 No. 04 (2024): Volume 09 No. 04 Desember 2024 Vol. 9 No. 04 (2024): Volume 09, Nomor 04, Desember 2024 Vol. 9 No. 04 (2024): Volume 09 No. 04, Desember 2024. Vol. 9 No. 04 (2024): Volume 09 No. 04 December 2024 In Press. Vol. 9 No. 04 (2024): Volume 09, No. 04 Desember 2024 Vol. 9 No. 04 (2024): Volume 09 No. 04 Desember 2024 Press Vol. 9 No. 03 (2024): Volume 09 No. 03 September 2024 Vol. 9 No. 03 (2024): Volume 09, Nomor 03, September 2024 In Progres Vol. 9 No. 01 (2024): Volume 09 No. 01 Maret 2024 Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): Volume 09 No. 04 Desember 2024 In Press Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): Volume 09 No. 03 September 2024. Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): Volume 09, No. 03, September 2024 Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): Volume 09 No. 03 September 2024 Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): Volume 09 No. 2 Juni 2024 Vol. 8 No. 02 (2023): Volume 08 No 02, September 2023 Vol. 8 No. 01 (2023): Volume 08 No. 01 Juni 2023 Vol. 8 No. 01 (2023): Volume 08 No. 01 Maret 2023 Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023): Volume 08, Nomor 01, Juni 2023 Vol. 8 No. 03 (2023): Volume 08 No. 3 September 2023 Vol. 8 No. 03 (2023): Volume 08 No. 3 Desember 2023 Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): Volume 07, Nomor 02, Desember 2022 Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022): Volume 7 Nomor 1 Juni 2022 Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021): Volume 6 Nomor 2 Desember 2021 Vol. 6 No. 1 (2021): Volume 6 Nomor 1 Juni 2021 Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): Volume 5 Nomor 2 Desember 2020 Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): Volume 5 Nomor 1 Juni 2020 Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019): Volume 4 Nomor 2 Desember 2019 Vol. 4 No. 1 (2019): Volume 4 Nomor 1 Juni 2019 Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018): Volume 3 Nomor 2 Desember 2018 Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): Volume 3 Nomor 1 Juni 2018 Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017): Volume 2 Nomor 2 Desember 2017 Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Volume 2 Nomor 1 Juni 2017 Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Volume 1 Nomor 1 Desember 2016 More Issue