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Journal of Social Research
Published by CV. International Journal Labs
ISSN : 28279832     EISSN : 2828335x     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55324
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Science, Education, Social,
Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences
The Journal of Social Research is a double blind peer-reviewed academic journal and open access to social and scientific fields. The journal is published monthly by International Journal Labs. The Journal of Social Research provides a means for sustained discussion of relevant issues that fall within the focus and scopes of the journal which can be examined empirically. The journal publishes research articles covering all aspects of social sciences, ranging from Management, Economics, Culture, Law, Public Health, and Education that belong to the social context.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 1,230 Documents
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Criminogenic Analysis of Narcotics Users Based on the Results of an Integrated Assessment in the South Jakarta Municipality Area Sianipar, Asyma D.A
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i4.2535

Abstract

This study aims to identify and analyze the criminogenic typology of narcotics users handled by the South Jakarta City BNN based on the Examination Report (BAP) document and the assessment of the Integrated Assessment Team (TAT). Through a descriptive qualitative approach and thematic classification techniques on 40 documents, this study revealed that user involvement in narcotics abuse is strongly influenced by a combination of social, psychological, and structural factors. The main findings identify five criminogenic typologies, namely: (1) Social-Relational, (2) Trauma-Addictive, (3) Experimental-Hedonistic, (4) Structural-Economic, and (5) Recidivist-Trapped. Each typology shows a distinctive pattern of involvement and requires a different approach to rehabilitation. Most of the users analyzed were not part of the narcotics trafficking network, but rather individuals with vulnerable social backgrounds and high environmental pressures. The results of this study show the importance of criminogenic assessment in the rehabilitation process, as well as the need for more adaptive, evidence-based, and equitable policy reforms. This research also supports the implementation of restorative justice approaches and emphasizes the importance of cross-sectoral synergy in designing needs-based rehabilitation programs.
Asymmetric Warfare: Challenging The Boundaries of Humanitarian Law In The Era of Contemporary Conflict Budiman, Budiman; Utomo, Bambang Prasetyo; Susilo, Tarsisius; Simanjuntak, Arifin; Tapayasa, Gusti Bagus Oka
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i6.2536

Abstract

Asymmetric warfare represents a transformative shift in modern conflict, characterized by the involvement of unequal forces and the increasing role of non-state actors, unconventional tactics, and emerging technologies. This study examines how asymmetric warfare challenges the implementation of international humanitarian law (IHL), particularly concerning combatant identification, proportionality in attacks, and civilian protection in fluid conflict environments. Employing a qualitative method through normative legal analysis and literature review, the research critically evaluates IHL instruments such as the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols in light of contemporary conflict dynamics. Case studies from Afghanistan, Syria, and Palestine are analyzed alongside developments in cyber and information warfare. The findings reveal significant limitations in existing legal definitions and enforcement mechanisms, especially with the rise of hybrid tactics and digital battlegrounds. The study proposes a framework for adapting IHL through the redefinition of combatant status, the establishment of clearer proportionality standards, and the creation of new legal instruments to regulate cyber operations and disinformation. Moreover, it emphasizes the need to enhance accountability through technology-enabled monitoring systems and to expand humanitarian law education to include non-state actors. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on modern warfare by advocating for an adaptive legal architecture that upholds human dignity amid increasingly complex conflict scenarios.
Evaluation of the Operational Performance of School Buses (Trans Pontianak Buses) in Pontianak City Rizal, Rizal; Utomo, Satrio; Nernawani, Nernawani; Asmadi, Asmadi
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i6.2537

Abstract

The city of Pontianak as the capital of West Kalimantan Province is growing. But along with these developments, various problems have arisen in various aspects. One of the examples that needs to be resolved immediately is the issue of transportation. This field has quite complex problems. The number of private vehicles is increasing every year. It has an impact on the smooth transportation system in this city. Extraordinary traffic jams often occur at a number of points at certain times. This research consists of several stages. The stages in this study are the identification of the operational performance of school buses, potential problems and passenger perceptions, collecting primary data and secondary data in the study area by conducting interviews and distributing questionnaires, as well as requesting data from related agencies, and the last step is to draw conclusions in accordance with the formulation of the problem from the results of analysis and discussion. From the results of the research conducted to evaluate the operational performance of school buses, the results were obtained that the performance of school buses in Pontianak City can be seen from the load factor value of less than 1 for all segments, showing that the capacity of school buses is still met for school bus users, from the results of direct observation in the field, the travel time of the trans pontianak bus is 30-45 minutes there is no need to wait a long time to get to their respective schools, The positive things related to the operation of this school bus are safety, comfort, punctuality and cost savings for students who use the vehicle, and several weaknesses and threats were found to the operation of the Trans Pontianak Bus, one of which is the lack of interest of students to use the Trans Pontianak bus.
The Exclusion Process in Education in Indonesia: an Analysis of Social and Policy Deprivation Factors Sunarya, Dede
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i6.2538

Abstract

This study discusses social exclusion in the context of education in Indonesia, emphasizing that the gap in access to education is not only caused by economic factors alone, but also by structural factors such as non-partisan policies, access inequality, unequal regional development, and discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, and culture. Using a qualitative approach based on an extensive literature study, this study maps the relationship between social exclusion and deprivation both relative and absolute that hinder access to education for vulnerable groups. The results of the study show that although the government has launched various affirmative programs such as scholarships, operational assistance, and the Independent Learning-Independent Campus (MBKM) program, their implementation often creates new forms of exclusion. These programs are considered to have not fully touched the structural and cultural roots of the causes of educational exclusion. Therefore, this study recommends the need for an inclusive, critical, and participatory policy approach, as well as the improvement of the evaluation and transparency system of education programs so that they are not only symbolic but able to create equal access to education for all levels of society.
Business-Level Strategy Transformation, Competitive Rivalry, and Competitive Dynamics: A Bibliometric Study of Digitalization Trends and Global Competition Arenal, Arenal; Ardiansyah, Rendy; Suparno, Suparno; Saparuddin, Saparuddin
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i6.2539

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of Business-Level Strategy, Competitive Rivalry, and Competitive Dynamics through a bibliometric analysis of 658 articles from the Scopus database spanning the years 2000 to 2024. Its aim is to identify research trends, publication patterns, and the interconnections among various business strategy concepts. The findings from the keyword co-occurrence analysis indicate that digitalization and innovative technology are at the forefront of contemporary business strategies. Furthermore, Competitive Rivalry is increasingly centered on both offensive and defensive strategies, as well as the concept of coopetition. In the realm of Competitive Dynamics, it is evident that sustainability, digital transformation, and compliance with global regulations are critical factors shaping strategic decision-making within organizations. As uncertainty in the industry continues to rise, companies must develop strategies that harness big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and digital business platforms to maintain their competitive edge on a global scale. This study enriches academic literature by mapping the evolution of business strategies and offers valuable insights for companies seeking to design adaptive strategies in response to technological changes and market dynamics.
Local Knowledge as a Strategy for Village Resilience in Hanjeli Tourism Village, Sukabumi, Indonesia Fadhol, Mad; Samputra, Palupi Lindiasari
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i6.2540

Abstract

Local knowledge plays a crucial role in strengthening village resilience amidst the challenges of modernization and environmental change. This study examines the contribution of local knowledge to village resilience through four main aspects: ecology, social, economic, and institutional, with a focus on Hanjeli Tourism Village, Sukabumi, Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and literature review methods, this research analyzes how local practices support village sustainability. The findings indicate that in terms of ecology, hanjeli-based agricultural practices contribute to biodiversity conservation and sustainable natural resource management. From a social perspective, strong social capital and intergenerational knowledge transfer play a crucial role in preserving traditional practices. In the economic aspect, the diversification of hanjeli-based enterprises, including educational tourism and derivative products, enhances the community’s economic resilience. Meanwhile, the institutional aspect is reflected in the community’s role in resource management and the village’s recognition as part of the UNESCO Global Geopark. This study recommends policies that strengthen the documentation of local knowledge, enhance community participation in resource governance, and encourage the integration of traditional practices into sustainable village development strategies.
Factors Influencing Millennials and Generation Z's Trust in Crypto-Based Payments in Indonesia Hanisentana, Felicia; Achmadi, Hendra
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i6.2541

Abstract

Cryptocurrency adoption in Indonesia is rising, yet trust barriers persist, particularly among Millennials and Gen Z. Despite growing transaction volumes (IDR 475.13 trillion by 2024), gaps remain in understanding trust drivers specific to this demographic. This study investigates factors influencing trust in crypto-based payments, testing hypotheses on privacy, anonymity, traceability, expectations, and satisfaction. A quantitative cross-sectional design surveyed 195 Indonesian respondents (purposive sampling) using PLS-SEM analysis in SmartPLS 4.0, assessing measurement and structural models, predictive relevance, and IPMA. Trust significantly boosts adoption intention (t = 20.279, p = 0.000), driven by expectations (t = 5.898) and satisfaction (t = 2.096), while privacy, anonymity, and traceability showed no significant impact. IPMA revealed trust as high-importance but low-performance, urging strategic improvements. Results guide policymakers and businesses to prioritize transparency, user experience, and education over privacy-centric features. Future research should expand demographics, integrate qualitative methods, and compare crypto with other payment systems (e.g., CBDCs).
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Center of Internet Security Benchmark for Hardening Linux Servers Against Cyber Attacks Irawan, Bambang; Sheha, Kholid Nur; Rahaman, Mosiur; Erzed, Nixon; Herwanto, Agus
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i6.2544

Abstract

The security of operating systems is critical in safeguarding digital infrastructure, particularly server environments vulnerable to cyberattacks. One proven approach to enhancing OS security is hardening, which involves minimizing the system's attack surface. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Center for Internet Security (CIS) Benchmark in hardening Ubuntu Server 22.04 against cyber threats. Using the PPDIOO framework, the research implemented hardening procedures via Ansible automation and conducted experimental tests comparing a hardened server against a standard (non-hardened) counterpart. Both servers were subjected to simulated attacks including DDoS, Port Scanning, Brute Force, Web Scanning, and Web Crawling. The results demonstrate a marked improvement in resistance for the hardened server, with attack success rates significantly reduced: 11% for DDoS (versus 94% on the standard server), 0% for Port Scanning, Brute Force, and Web Crawling (versus 20–100% on the standard server), and 67% for Web Scanning (versus 100% on the standard server). These findings underscore the substantial protective advantage conferred by the CIS Benchmark. The study contributes to the field by offering empirical evidence of CIS Benchmark's applicability to modern Linux environments and highlights the value of integrating automated hardening and attack simulations in cybersecurity practices. Future work should examine scalability across different OS platforms and real-world enterprise deployments.
Improving Learning Activities and Outcomes Using the Inquiry Learning Model and Number Head Together Hasanah, Iswatun; Hananik, Ike
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i6.2545

Abstract

The background of this research was conducted because of the lack of activity and student learning outcomes. This is caused by the application of learning models that are less varied and mostly still emphasized on teachers making student less enthusiastic in learning activities and the lack of collaboration between student during learning reduces meaningful learning and student activity, so that it becomes a problem and an obstacle in classroom learning, plus the lack of scientific way of thinking and understanding in the concept of a learning material. Based on these problems, the research method used was Classroom Action Research in 2 meetings using the Inquiry Learning and Number Head Together Models. Data analysis was carried out by means of qualitative and quantitative. The results showed that teacher activity with a proportions of 78% in the first meeting became 89% at the final meeting with very good criteria. Student activity with the proportion of of 40% in the first meeting became 80% at the final meeting achieves active criteria. Learning outcomes with a proportions of 70% in the first meeting become 90% in the final meeting. Overall these results show a good improvement.
Factors Affecting the Developing Village Index (IDM) in the North Lampung Regency Area Ahadis, M. Irfan Hammadi; Endaryanto, Teguh; Murniati, Ktut
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i6.2546

Abstract

The Developing Village Index (IDM) is a crucial indicator to measure the progress of village development in North Lampung Regency. This study aims to analyze the status and performance of IDM in North Lampung Regency during the 2018-2023 period, identify factors influencing the IDM values, and formulate strategies to improve the IDM based on the analysis. The research employs a narrative descriptive method to describe IDM status and performance, panel data regression to examine the influence of independent variables—village funds, village fund allocation, population density, and poor population—on the IDM, and SWOT analysis to develop effective strategies for IDM improvement. Results show that IDM performance in several sub-districts experienced stagnation or decline, with no village achieving independent status by 2023. Regression analysis indicates that simultaneously village funds, village fund allocation, population density, and poor population significantly affect IDM, with fund allocation, population density, and poor population having partial significant effects. Recommended strategies include enhancing human resources through training, optimizing village management based on digital technology, developing economic and tourism potential, improving tourism sector supervision, and advancing village product development. This study recommends local government evaluate and monitor village fund utilization effectively to boost IDM performance and encourages village governments to identify and develop village potentials in synergy with regional authorities.

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