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International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP)
Published by CV. Inara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2808845X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51601/ijhp
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) e- ISSN : 2808-845X is a communication media and scientific publication in the health and pharmaceutical fields published by Inara Publisher. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) contains articles from research focusing on basic medicine, clinical medicine, epidemiology, preventive medicine (social medicine), pharmacy, and other medical fields. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) is published periodically four times a year (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 426 Documents
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Tuberculosis Infection In Women Fitrah Ahmad, Izhar; Pandu Wiriansya, Edward; Puspa Ratu, Andi; Kasim, Sharen
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): February 2025 (Indonesia - Turkey - Malaysia - Australia - Iran)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i1.406

Abstract

The increasing number of deaths due to tuberculosis has triggered the national tuberculosis control program to continue to intensify, accelerate, extend and innovate the program.7A holistic approach must be taken in order to improve tuberculosis control and identify various risk factors associated with tuberculosis infection. The Global Tuberculosis Report 2018 reported that 90% of tuberculosis sufferers are adults and 10% are children (<15 years). Figure 1 shows tuberculosis sufferers worldwide, 64% are men and 36% are women with a ratio of 2:1. In Indonesia, data also shows that tuberculosis is more common in men than women. The high prevalence in men shows that the level of men accessing tuberculosis services is higher than women. Differences in social roles between men and women can also affect risk factors for access to health services. In women, access to tuberculosis treatment and prevention services is more difficult than in men. This is because family members do not want to pay for women's health services. Women's health in the family is considered less important than male family members. Tuberculosis problems also occur in vulnerable populations, namely pregnant women and women with tuberculosis-HIV. A fairly high mortality rate occurs in women with tuberculosis-HIV. In pregnant women, transmission of tuberculosis germs to the fetus occurs, so that the fetus can have latent tuberculosis. Understanding tuberculosis disease in women can help the target of eliminating tuberculosis by 2030. Gender equality and active participation of women in the planning, implementation, and health care processes can be an effective way to overcome the problems of difficulty in accessing tuberculosis services, stigma and discrimination, and various existing barriers.
Cytotoxicity Test of Green Betel Leaf Ethanol Extract (Piper Betle L.) Using Shrimp Larvae (Artemia Salina L.) Using The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method Ismail, Mardhiyah Adawiyah; Vitayani, Sri; Nur Aulia Amir; Yusriani Mangarengi; Marzelina Karim; Galagher, Mahry
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): February 2025 (Indonesia - Turkey - Malaysia - Australia - Iran)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i1.407

Abstract

The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method is a preliminary method for screening anticancer compounds by looking at the cytotoxic effect of a sample that will be tested on Artemia salina shrimp larvae. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of green betel leaves (Piper betle L.) on Artemia salina Leach larvae using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol, and phytochemical screening to show the presence of secondary metabolite on green betel leef. Cytotoxicity tests were carried out at five extract concentrations (concentrations of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, and 750 ppm). Based on the results of the research carried out, it can be concluded that the results show that the percentage of larvae deaths ranges from 30-80% and the highest mortality was obtained at a concentration of 750 ppm with a total of 26 larval deaths, this death was in line with the increase in concentration. The Lethal Concentration (LC50) value obtained was 121.3317 ppm. In conclusion, green betel leaf extract contains secondary metabolite compounds which cause cytotoxic effects on Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae with a mortality percentage of 30-80% and the LC50 value is 121.3317 ppm.
The Relationship Between Diet and Physical Activity With Quality of Life In The Elderly In Glintang Village, Sambi Boyolali District Nabilah Rochmaningrum, Putri; Ika Riyani, Risky; Dyah Kurniati, Ika; Muslimah, Muslimah
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): February 2025 (Indonesia - Turkey - Malaysia - Australia - Iran)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i1.408

Abstract

Elderly are those who have reached the age of 60 and over. Central Java is one of eight provinces in Indonesia that has entered the old population structure, with the percentage of the elderly population reaching 14.17%, and will continue to increase every year. An increase in the quantity of the elderly must be balanced with an increase in the quality of life of the elderly. There are several factors that may affect a person's quality of life, such as eating patterns and physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between eating patterns and physical activity with quality of life in the elderly in Glintang Village, Sambi Boyolali District. This study used cross-sectional analytic observation, with 46 elderly respondents. The data was processed using rank-spearman test. The questionnaires in this study used the Food Frequency Questionnare (FFQ), the Global Physical Activity Questionnare (GPAQ), and the WHOQOL-BREF Questionnare. The results of the analysis using the rank-spearman test showed that there was no relationship between eating patterns and the quality of life of the elderly with a p=0.359 (p>0.05) and there was a relationship between physical activity and the quality of life of the elderly with a value of p=0.001 (p <0.05). The majority of the elderly in Glintang Village, Sambi Boyolali District have good BMI, eating patterns, physical activity, and quality of life. There is no relationship between eating patterns and quality of life in the elderly and there is a relationship between physical activity and quality of life in the elderly in Glintang Village, Sambi Boyolali District.
The Effect of Giving Coffee Pulp Extract Cream on the Healing of Cut Wounds in Wistar Rats Juita, Anggun; Ikhtiari, Refi; Tandanu, Erny; Claudia Malau, Reghita
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): February 2025 (Indonesia - Turkey - Malaysia - Australia - Iran)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i1.409

Abstract

Humans need skin to protect their internal organs, such as muscles, nerves, and bones, from disease. This study examines the effect of coffee grounds extract cream on wound healing in Wistar rats. This study is an experimental laboratory study. The research design used a post-test with a control group design or control on samples based on treatment groups to analyze the effect of coffee grounds extract on wound healing and skin histopathology in male Wistar white rats. According to the results of the study, coffee grounds extract accelerated wound healing in Wistar white rats, as shown by the average differences of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. This study shows that coffee grounds extract contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. Research on skin histopathology on the best fibroblast tissue found that 10% coffee grounds extract cream was the most helpful in developing connective tissue in injured skin. The findings of this study are expected to help other researchers explore the effects of coffee grounds extract on skin collagen formation.
An Overview in Adverse Selection: A Case Study in Indonesia Healthcare Insurance Dita Rahadian, Dhimas; Rizqi Yanuar Setyowati, Monica; Puspitaloka Mahadewi, Erlina
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): May 2025 ( Indonesia - Iraq - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i2.343

Abstract

This study analyzes adverse selection in health insurance poses a significant challenge to the sustainability of insurance schemes, particularly in developing countries where enrolment is voluntary and insurance literacy is low. Information asymmetry between participants and insurers often results in higher-risk individuals dominating the pool, threatening the program’s financial stability. This study aims to synthesize findings from various studies on adverse selection in health insurance, identifying common patterns, causal factors, and mitigation strategies. A systematic literature review approach was used to examine about 40 selected articles published between 2012 and 2025 related to adverse selection in different types of health insurance schemes (public, private, and community-based). Literature was sourced from academic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and others, using specific boolean keyword combinations. Adverse selection was found to be most prevalent in voluntary schemes in developing countries. In contrast, evidence from some developed nations indicated advantageous selection. Mitigation strategies such as premium subsidies, risk-based premium setting, risk pooling, and improving insurance literacy proved effective in reducing negative selection. Advanced technologies like big data and machine learning also showed promise in managing risk profiles. Addressing adverse selection requires a multi-dimensional approach involving public policy, financial incentives, and technological innovation. A combination of mandatory enrolment, risk adjustment, targeted subsidies, and improved literacy is essential for building a sustainable and inclusive health insurance system.
The Moral Hazard Phenomenon in Health Insurance: A Review of Driving Factors and Control Strategies Christine, Grace; Anindhita Sekarsari, Ayu; Irawan, Budy; Puspitaloka Mahadewi, Erlina
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): May 2025 ( Indonesia - Iraq - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i2.348

Abstract

Moral hazard in health insurance is a significant institutional issue that concerns the efficiency, sustainability, and equity of health funding systems. This study intends to comprehensively assess the different types of moral hazard, discern the root causes that contribute to it, and examine the regulatory strategies implemented at both national and international levels. This study employed a methodology characterized by a descriptive literature review, which involved a comprehensive analysis of 25 meticulously chosen peer-reviewed articles. The articles in question were published between the years 2014 and 2025, and they were obtained from reputable databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The results indicate that moral hazard presents itself in two main forms. Initially, this phenomenon arises among beneficiaries who may engage in excessive consumption and use of healthcare services lacking adequate medical justification. Secondly, it is apparent that healthcare providers may participate in administrative and clinical manipulation, which includes practices such as upcoding, unnecessary hospitalizations, and fraudulent claims. Several contributing factors to moral hazard can be identified, including deficiencies in the design of the INA-CBGs payment system, a lack of health insurance literacy among participants, and insufficient oversight and auditing mechanisms.The findings presented have considerable implications for policymakers, outlining the necessity to improve the national health insurance system. Structural reforms and the implementation of sustainable, multidisciplinary approaches.
The Role Of Family Functions On The Quality Of Life Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients In Primary Service Facilities Of PUSKESMAS Medan Johor Napiah Nasution, Ali; Novia, Novia; Suhartina, Suhartina
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): May 2025 ( Indonesia - Iraq - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i1.360

Abstract

The global focus on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has been growing, particularly chronic degenerative diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM), which is now a serious threat to public health worldwide. According to WHO data from 2008, these diseases account for 55% of total deaths in Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, the prevalence of type 2 DM has significantly increased, with over 10 million sufferers aged 20-79 years in 2017, making it a significant health management challenge. To address this, BPJS Health launched the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) to optimize patients' quality of life while maintaining healthcare cost efficiency. Families play a crucial role in supporting DM patients in managing their disease effectively, socially, and in healthcare. This study aims to analyze the relationship between family functioning and the quality of life of type 2 DM patients at the Medan Johor Public Health Center (Puskesmas). Using a cross-sectional study design, data were collected through the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to measure quality of life and the Family APGAR questionnaire to assess family functioning. The results showed that most respondents were women, had a high school education, and had been suffering from type 2 DM for less than 10 years. Most family functions were classified as highly functional. Still, no significant relationship was found between APGAR scores and quality of life in the four domains (physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment).
The Present and Future Definition of Health Insurance Based on Laws and Regulations in Indonesia Probo Astuti, Dewi; Meilindawaty Situmorang, Clara; Evehulisa Pinem, Sri; Puspitaloka Mahadewi, Erlina
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): May 2025 ( Indonesia - Iraq - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i2.369

Abstract

This study analyzes the legal principles that Indonesia insurance plays an important role in facing increasingly complex and uncertain life needs. In Indonesia, insurance is regulated through Law No. 40 of 2014, which provides a legal basis for the implementation and protection of the parties. This study uses a literature study method with a qualitative narrative synthesis approach to examine the definition of insurance based on laws and regulations in Indonesia. First, to analyse the legal basis of insurance and the legal aspects of the implementation of insurance agreements in Indonesia, examine the legal principles underlying the implementation of insurance practices in Indonesia, also evaluate the legal challenges in the implementation of insurance practices in Indonesia and provide recommendations and efforts for improvement in the insurance sector in Indonesia. Secondly, to analysis of the legal basis and implementation of insurance agreements shows that the legal framework for insurance in Indonesia is quite complex. Various challenges are still found in its implementation, such as complex regulatory changes, suboptimal consumer protection, and problems related to insurance claim disputes. We propose several recommendations and improvement efforts namely by improving regulations, and increasing supervision of law enforcement by the OJK, transparency and public education, and increasing cooperation between insurance companies, the OJK, and dispute resolution institutions. These efforts are important to realize an insurance system in Indonesia that is fair, inclusive, transparent, and sustainable from present to the future.
Insurance Utilities in Indonesia: A Study for Future Opportunities Green Nego, Ingrid; Oktaviani Yustedjo, Dika; Parlindungan, Hotmada; Puspitaloka Mahadewi, Erlina
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): May 2025 ( Indonesia - Iraq - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i2.370

Abstract

This study analyzes Indonesia's path toward universal health coverage (UHC), which has been marked by the introduction of targeted schemes such as Askeskin and Jamkesmas, culminating in the comprehensive National Health Insurance (JKN) program. This literature review systematically synthesizes peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2005 and March 2025, examining the impact of government-managed health insurance on healthcare utilization, financial protection, and equity across different population groups. The study conducted a structured narrative synthesis of studies retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on inpatient and outpatient services, maternal and dental care, and out-of-pocket expenditures. The findings indicate that insured individuals consistently demonstrate higher utilization rates and significant reductions in out-of-pocket spending, with notable benefits in maternal health and primary care in rural areas; however, geographic and socioeconomic disparities persist, particularly among the urban poor and remote communities. Secondary analysis revealed moral hazard effects and shifting private market dynamics, highlighting the need for cost-sharing mechanisms and regulatory oversight. Propose policy strategies to expand enrollment, adjust premium subsidies, integrate fragmented schemes, strengthen the community health center (Puskesmas) infrastructure, and enhance preventive care and health literacy. An integrated approach aligning financial, clinical, and regulatory reforms is essential to optimize equity, efficiency, and sustainability in Indonesia’s UHC journey.
Health Insurance Policies For Informal Workers: A Review For National Health Insurance Sriwahyuni Batubara, Wiwik; Darwono, Darwono; Puspitaloka Mahadewi, Erlina
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): May 2025 ( Indonesia - Iraq - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i2.371

Abstract

Moral hazard in health insurance is a significant institutional issue that concerns the efficiency, sustainability, and equity of health funding systems. This study intends to comprehensively assess the different types of moral hazard, discern the root causes that contribute to it, and examine the regulatory strategies implemented at both national and international levels. This study employed a methodology characterized by a descriptive literature review, which involved a comprehensive analysis of 25 meticulously chosen peer-reviewed articles. The articles in question were published between the years 2014 and 2025, and they were obtained from reputable databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The results indicate that moral hazard presents itself in two main forms. Initially, this phenomenon arises among beneficiaries who may engage in excessive consumption and use of healthcare services lacking adequate medical justification. Secondly, it is apparent that healthcare providers may participate in administrative and clinical manipulation, which includes practices such as upcoding, unnecessary hospitalizations, and fraudulent claims. Several contributing factors to moral hazard can be identified, including deficiencies in the design of the INA-CBGs payment system, a lack of health insurance literacy among participants, and insufficient oversight and auditing mechanisms.The findings presented have considerable implications for policymakers, outlining the necessity to improve the national health insurance system. Structural reforms and the implementation of sustainable, multidisciplinary approaches.

Page 32 of 43 | Total Record : 426

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