cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Arman Harahap
Contact Email
armanhrahap82@gmail.com
Phone
+6285370005518
Journal Mail Official
armanhrahap82@gmail.com
Editorial Address
Jl. SM. Raja, No 27, Kab. Labuhanbatu, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, 21419
Location
Unknown,
Unknown
INDONESIA
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP)
Published by CV. Inara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2808845X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51601/ijhp
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) e- ISSN : 2808-845X is a communication media and scientific publication in the health and pharmaceutical fields published by Inara Publisher. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) contains articles from research focusing on basic medicine, clinical medicine, epidemiology, preventive medicine (social medicine), pharmacy, and other medical fields. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) is published periodically four times a year (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 426 Documents
 34   35   36   37   38 
Determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels In The Saliva of Man Smokers Age 45 - 59 Years Lorenza, Dhina; Harliansyah, Harliansyah
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025 (Indonesia - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i3.435

Abstract

Background: Smoking can cause health problems. In elderly smoking has become a habit in continuing the previous habit, even smoking habit tends to simply continue without the accompaniment of strong reasons, and these habits become addictive. Riskesdas research results showed that 65.6% of men smoked in 2007 and other research showed that 67% of men smoked in 2011, the prevalence of smoking continues to increase both men and women. Cigarette smoke can cause oxidative stress which is characterized by increased levels of MDA (malondialdehyde) as a marker of oxidative stress in the cell membrane. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of smoking on salivary MDA levels in smokers aged 45-59 years. Methods: The study was descriptive cross sectional analytic. The primary data used in this study. Determination of the population in the sample using quota sampling. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS ver24 32bit for windows to see a comparison of MDA levels between smokers and nonsmokers. Results: From the analysis results data obtained in male smokers 0.503 ± 0.108, while nonsmokers 0.190 ± 0.047. Based on the results seen that MDA levels of salivary male smokers are higher than male nonsmokers with p value = 0.001. Conclusion: Increased levels of MDA can be found in smokers with the influence of smoking behavior conducted in men aged 45-59 years. This can be proven by the P value 0.001 that shows these results significantly, where there is a difference between MDA levels in smokers and nonsmokers.
Testing The Effectiveness Of Cinnamon (Cinnamomumm Burmanni Blume) Ethanol Extract Against Salmonella Typhi Bacteria Quppar Siregar, Raja; Aprilyani, Anggi
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025 (Indonesia - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i3.436

Abstract

Typhoid fever, caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi, remains a prevalent infectious disease with increasing antibiotic resistance posing a significant global health threat. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antibacterial effectiveness of an ethanol extract from cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) as a potential natural therapeutic alternative. The research employed a true experimental design with a post-test only control group. A pure culture of Salmonella Typhi was used as the sample. The cinnamon extract was prepared via maceration, and its antibacterial activity was evaluated using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The inhibition zone diameters were measured and analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests, including Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The results demonstrated that all concentrations (60%, 80%, and 100%) of the cinnamon extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with a dose-dependent inhibitory effect. Notably, the 100% extract concentration produced an inhibition zone diameter (15.57 mm) comparable to the positive control, chloramphenicol (15.66 mm). This study concludes that the ethanol extract of Cinnamomum burmannii is an effective antibacterial agent against Salmonella Typhi, providing a promising basis for developing natural therapies.
Analysis of The Demographic Characteristics of The Community And Patterns of Use Of Antibiotic Processing Methods In Kebonagung Village, Demak Alfarizi, Nauval; Suriyadi Muslim, Ahmad; Adevia Rosnarita, Intan
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025 (Indonesia - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i3.420

Abstract

Irrational antibiotic use remains a serious challenge in efforts to control bacterial resistance globally. One form of this irrational use is the purchase of antibiotics without a prescription, which is still widespread in various regions, including rural areas such as Kebonagung Village, Demak Regency. Lack of supervision and community demographic characteristics also influence antibiotic acquisition methods. This study aims to determine the relationship between demographic characteristics and antibiotic use patterns on antibiotic acquisition methods in the community of Kebonagung Village. The research method used was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 118 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. The analysis results showed a significant relationship between age (p = 0.011), education level (p = 0.015), and type of employment (p = 0.006) with antibiotic acquisition methods. Gender did not show a significant relationship (p = 0.138). The use pattern in this study was defined limitedly based on the type of antibiotic used according to the WHO AWaRe classification, as well as the reasons for antibiotic use based on perceived symptoms. The type of antibiotic based on the WHO AWaRe classification showed a significant relationship with the method of antibiotic acquisition (p = 0.001), with the finding that Access category antibiotics were more often obtained without a prescription, while the Reserve category was entirely obtained with a prescription. The analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the reason for antibiotic use based on perceived symptoms and the method of antibiotic acquisition (p = 0.616). The results showed that age, education level, occupation, and type of antibiotic showed a significant relationship with the method of antibiotic acquisition, while gender and the reason for antibiotic use based on perceived symptoms did not show a significant relationship. These findings can be the basis for developing educational interventions to increase public awareness of how to obtain appropriate antibiotics, in order to prevent inappropriate access and support resistance prevention efforts at the community level.
Analysis of Fraud in National Health Insurance in Indonesia: A Literature Review Nurlianti, Ice; Winarti, Syari; Sujatmiko, Putih; Puspitaloka Mahadewi, Erlina
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025 (Indonesia - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i3.341

Abstract

The study concern to know how Indonesia implemented the National Health Insurance Program (JKN) as a form of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) aimed at improving public welfare through access to quality and comprehensive health services. However, in its implementation, the program has faced significant challenges in the form of fraud, which has the potential to cause major financial losses and operational inefficiencies. This study used a systematic literature review methodology. This method was chosen to gain a comprehensive understanding of the patterns, causal factors, and effects of fraud reported in numerous studies and cross-national insurance schemes, both public and private. The literature review was conducted using scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, the official Indonesian website and government regulation. The analysis of the study shows that fraud can be committed by various parties involved in the JKN program, including participants, healthcare providers, BPJS Kesehatan officials, and drug/medical device providers, and collusion between these parties may even occur. Common types of fraud include manipulating medical procedures to inflate service costs (upcoding), using fictitious patient identities, forging documents, misusing cards, and billing for services not medically indicated. Challenges in addressing fraud include the scale and complexity of the program, suboptimal technology integration, changing modus operandi of perpetrators, as well as cultural and legal proof challenges.
Analysis of Managed Care In Primary Health Care Services In Indonesian Health Insurance Management Widyadhari, Elysia; Nurlestari, Astri; Dwi Muthashani, Femy; Puspitaloka Mahadewi, Erlina
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025 (Indonesia - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i3.378

Abstract

This study aims analyzes and to evaluate the implementation of the National Health Insurance Program (JKN) in Indonesia, through the perspective of the managed care model. Managed care itself is an approach that combines financing mechanisms and health services in a single integrated system, with a focus on cost efficiency and improving service quality, as implemented by BPJS Kesehatan in Indonesia. This study used a systematic literature review method of 30 scientific articles published between 2016 and 2025. The results of the study indicate that the capitation payment system and INA-CBGs play a role in increasing spending efficiency and expanding access to health services. However, several challenges remain, such as infrastructure gaps, unequal distribution of health workers, and barriers in the referral system. This study also discusses various managed care models such as EPO, IDS, HMO, PPO, and POS, and the relevance of their implementation in the Indonesian context. The findings of the proposed improvement strategies include the use of digital health service technology, strengthening community-based public education, revising more adaptive capitation rates, and improving the monitoring system for service quality and costs. These steps are necessary to support the sustainability and equity of health services throughout Indonesia going forward, along with concrete solutions.
Evaluation of Capitation Scheme as a Financing Instrument for Primary Services in the National Health Insurance (NHI): A Review of Health Economics Literature Christine, Grace; Anindhita Sekarsari, Ayu; Irawan, Budy; Hartono, Budi; Ghutsa Daud, Alfani
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025 (Indonesia - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i3.380

Abstract

The study discuss about the capitation scheme is the main financing mechanism for primary healthcare services in the National Health Insurance (NHI), aimed at expanding access, promoting cost efficiency and strengthening promotive and preventive services at First Level Health Facilities (FLHF). This study aims to evaluate performance and effectiveness of capitation schemes as a strategic financing instrument in NHI’s system. Through a narrative- thematic literature review of 20 relevant publications from 2021–2025, this study examines four key aspects: the capitation policy structure, its impact on service quality and coverage, financing efficiency and administrative barriers. The results indicate that while capitation supports financial stability and increases visitation volume, its impact on clinical service quality and promotive-preventive service coverage remains limited. Key barriers include fragmented digital systems (P-Care, SIKDA, e-Kinerja), inadequate managerial capacity and a mismatch between performance indicators and clinical outcomes. This study recommends governance reforms based on output indicators, integration of digital reporting systems, as well as the implementation of a hybrid financing model. Strengthening capitation as a contextual, adaptive and performance-based strategic purchasing instrument is key to sustainable primary service financing within NHI’s framework.  
Determinants of Stunting In Children Aged 6–59 Months In West Sulawesi Province: A Secondary Data Analysis of The 2022 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) Basirah Mulya, Ainur; Ulfa, Laila; Indrawati, Lili; Rachmawati, Faika
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025 (Indonesia - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i3.385

Abstract

Introduction:Stunting remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, particularly in West Sulawesi Province, which continues to report a high prevalence. Stunting refers to a failure of linear growth in children under five years of age, primarily resulting from prolonged nutritional deficiency and repeated infections, especially during the critical window of the first 1,000 days of life. This study aimed to identify the determinants of stunting among children aged 6–59 months in West Sulawesi Province using secondary data from the 2022 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2022 SSGI. The study population consisted of 3,686 households with children aged 6–59 months in West Sulawesi. Data analysis was conducted using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate approaches to identify variables significantly associated with stunting. Results: The dominant factor associated with stunting among children aged 6–59 months in West Sulawesi Province is birth weight (OR: 3.369). Children with a history of low birth weight (LBW) are 3.3 times more likely to experience stunting compared to those without such history, after controlling for maternal education, sanitation (latrine ownership), and immunization status. Conclusion: Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a significant contributing factor to the increased risk of stunting in children aged 6–59 months. Therefore, it is recommended to implement targeted interventions focused on fulfilling nutritional needs, monitoring growth and development, providing early stimulation, and promoting exclusive breastfeeding. These measures are essential to prevent and address stunting early in children with a history of LBW.
Enhancing Adolescent Health Literacy Through A Community- Based Educational Intervention: A Pilot Study In A Rural Indonesian Setting Bambang Edi Susyanto, M.; Wardaningsih, Shanti; Nur Hidayah, Sarah
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025 (Indonesia - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i3.419

Abstract

Access to accurate and meaningful health information remains a major challenge for adolescents living in rural areas, which negatively affects their level of health literacy, particularly in relation to general physical health and mental well-being. To address this issue, this preliminary study was designed to examine the extent to which a brief community-based educational intervention could enhance the health literacy capacity of adolescents in rural Indonesia. A total of 33 adolescents aged between 11 and 18 participated in two structured educational sessions, which focused on topics such as nutrition, personal hygiene, emotional regulation, stigma reduction, and peer counseling techniques. Interactive learning activities—including group discussions, scenario-based case problem solving, and role-playing—were employed to strengthen participant engagement and contextualize the material to the local setting. Changes in participants' knowledge were evaluated using a structured questionnaire administered before and after the intervention, covering two main dimensions: general health literacy and mental health literacy. A paired t-test was applied to analyze differences between pretest and posttest scores. The findings revealed a significant improvement in general health literacy, with mean scores increasing from 79.9 (SD = 17.3) to 94.9 (SD = 7.9; p < 0.01). A more substantial improvement was observed in mental health literacy and peer counseling skills, with mean scores rising from 31.82 (SD = 24.43) to 81.82 (SD = 20.98; p < 0.001). Overall, the results indicate that participatory, short-term educational models that are aligned with local cultural values hold considerable promise for strengthening adolescents’ conceptual understanding and emotional engagement with health-related issues, particularly in areas with limited access to healthcare services.
Healthcare Insurance Agreement Regarding Financing of Health Services by Insurance Companies Novia Laras, Dewi; Yulita, Hanna; Ikhsan, Muhamad; Puspitaloka Mahadewi, Erlina
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025 (Indonesia - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i3.424

Abstract

This study analyzes health insurance as a form of financial protection designed to reduce the burden of medical costs when a participant experiences a health problem. In practice, the relationship between the participant and the insurance provider is based on a legal agreement called an insurance contract. This contract is legally binding on both parties: the insurer (insurance company) and the insured (insurance participant), and includes rights and obligations that must be fulfilled during the coverage period. In Indonesia, public understanding of health insurance contracts remains relatively low. Many participants do not fully understand the content and implications of the agreement they sign, including the terms and conditions, guaranteed benefits, coverage limits, and claims procedures. This approach was chosen to gain a comprehensive understanding of the patterns, causal factors, and impacts of agreement health insurance reported in various cross-country studies and insurance schemes, both public, private, and community-based health insurance contracts, whether administered by social institutions like BPJS Kesehatan (Social Security Agency for Health), or by commercial insurance companies, have different structures and provisions. Problems gap arise when participants lack detailed knowledge of the scope and limitations of their insurance contracts, resulting in underutilization of available benefits. Furthermore, from the service provider's perspective, contract implementation often faces administrative and communication challenges, which can impact participant satisfaction and perceptions of service quality. The result of study is important to examine more deeply the content and implementation of health insurance contracts, as well as the extent to which participants understand their rights and obligations. A better understanding of insurance contracts will improve the effectiveness of health protection and strengthen public trust in the Indonesian health insurance system.
Management Analysis of The Implementation of The Utmost Good Faith Principle In Insurance Agreements Yulita, Hanna; Puspitaloka Mahadewi, Erlina
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025 (Indonesia - Malaysia)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i3.425

Abstract

This study analyzes insurance with an agreement between two parties, namely an insurance company called the insurer and a policyholder called the customer, where the insurance company promises to provide financial protection against risks such as accidents, illness, death and others while the customer makes premium payments periodically or all at once. One of the important principles in making an insurance agreement is Utmost Good Faith (Good Faith). In Indonesia, there are several examples of cases of violations of the principle of utmost good faith such as not disclosing previous illnesses, misuse of Health Insurance benefits, not providing clear information regarding the risks and benefits of insurance such as unit links. Therefore, insurance companies are challenged to be able to obtain honest information from customers and must convince customers, to provide information and claim reimbursement in accordance with the agreement made in the policy, both methodically and materially. This study uses a qualitative method. The source used is Google Scholar using search keywords are the principle of utmost good faith and insurance agreement. Research results: this study wants to know the implementation of the principle of utmost good faith in Insurance, problems, how to overcome and solutions in the future to benefit the Insurance business in Indonesia.

Page 36 of 43 | Total Record : 426

 34   35   36   37   38 

Filter by Year

2021 2025


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025 Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): August 2025 (Indonesia - Malaysia) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): May 2025 ( Indonesia - Iraq - Malaysia) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): February 2025 (Indonesia - Turkey - Malaysia - Australia - Iran) Vol. 4 No. 4 (2024): November 2024 Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): August 2024 Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): May 2024 Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): February 2024 Vol. 3 No. 4 (2023): November 2023 Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): August 2023 Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): May 2023 Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): February 2023 Vol. 2 No. 4 (2022): November 2022 Vol. 2 No. 3 (2022): August 2022 Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): May 2022 Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): February 2022 Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): November 2021 More Issue