Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia
The MOLEKUL is dedicated to fostering advancements in all branches of chemistry and its diverse sub-disciplines. It aims to publish high-quality research encompassing a wide range of topics, including but not limited to Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biological Activities of Synthetic Drugs, Environmental Chemistry, Biochemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Petroleum Chemistry, and Agricultural Chemistry. By providing a platform for rigorous scientific inquiry and dissemination of knowledge, the journal strives to contribute to the understanding, innovation, and practical applications of chemistry in various fields. We encourage submissions that explore new methodologies, elucidate fundamental principles, address pressing challenges, and demonstrate the potential for real-world impact. Our journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, and perspectives from researchers, scholars, and professionals across the global scientific community, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and the advancement of chemical sciences. The scope of this journal encompasses a wide range of topics within the field of chemistry, with a particular focus on advancing knowledge and innovation in the following areas: 1. Theoretical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry: This includes theoretical studies, computational modeling, and experimental investigations related to chemical reactivity, molecular structures, spectroscopy, and the environmental fate and impact of chemicals. 2. Materials Synthesis for Energy and Environmental Applications: The journal welcomes research on the synthesis, characterization, and application of materials for energy storage, catalysis, solar energy conversion, pollution mitigation, and sustainable environmental technologies. 3. Isolation, Purification, and Modification of Biomolecules: Manuscripts addressing the isolation, purification, and modification of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, along with their applications in areas such as biotechnology, drug discovery, and diagnostics, are of particular interest. 4. Fabrication, Development, and Validation of Analytical Methods: The journal encourages submissions focusing on the development and optimization of analytical techniques, including chromatography, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry. Topics may include method validation, sample preparation, quality control, and applications in diverse fields.
Articles
218 Documents
<![CDATA[Bioactivity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Branch of Jambu Mawar (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) ]]>
<![CDATA[Kurratul Aini]]>;
<![CDATA[Elfita Elfita]]>;
<![CDATA[Hary Widjajanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Arum Setiawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 1 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5931
<![CDATA[Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants have high diversity and the secondary metabolites produced have biological activity. Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants have been the subject of many studies on their diversity and biological activity, one of which is jambu mawar (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston). S. jambos has long been used as a traditional medicine to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria in many parts of the world, including South Sumatra. This study purposed to explore the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from the branches of S. jambos, the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi extracts, the determination of the structure of the compounds, and the activity of the active compounds of the selected endophytic fungi. Observations of the morphological characteristics of endophytic fungi were macroscopically and microscopically. The endophytic fungal extracts were then tested for antimicrobial activity against test bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli using the Kirby-Bauer paper disk diffusion method. Isolation of pure compounds using a gravity chromatography column, the determination of the structure of the compound is determined based on 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMQC, and HMBC spectroscopy. Four endophytic fungi, code SJC1–4, were isolated from a branch of S. jambos. The results of macroscopic and microscopic morphological characterization showed three genera of Botryosphaeria, Trichothecium, and Aspergillus. The endophytic fungal isolate SJC1 exhibited strong activity against Gram-positive bacteria and moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria, while SJC2–4 showed moderate activity against the four bacteria. Molecular identification of SJC1 revealed that it was Botryosphaeria mamane. Isolation of SJC1’s pure compound yielded compound 1, which was identified as 5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one. This compound is thought to have antibacterial properties.]]>
<![CDATA[The Isolation, Immobilization, and Characterization of Urease from The Seeds of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. ]]>
<![CDATA[Zusfahair, Zusfahair]]>;
<![CDATA[Ningsih, Dian Riana]]>;
<![CDATA[Fatoni, Amin]]>;
<![CDATA[Bilalodin, Bilalodin]]>;
<![CDATA[Nuraini, Aprilia Nafi]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 1 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5932
<![CDATA[Urease has been utilized in the field of health and industry. Urease is commonly used in the form of free enzyme, so that the utilization is limited. Urease efficiency can be improved using immobilization enzyme. This research aimed to do the urease isolation, immobilization, and characterization from the winged bean seeds. This research was started by determining the amino-acid content of winged bean seeds using the Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). The winged bean seeds were germinated and extracted. The obtained crude extract’s activity was determined using Nessler reagent and measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the wavelength of 500 nm. The urease of winged bean seeds was immobilized using the alginate matrix. The optimization of urease-immobilized beads could be made through the variations of natrium alginate concentration and beads formation periods in solution CaCl2. Characterization free and immobilized urease were made using the variations of urea substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and also the repeated utilization of immobilized urease. Winged bean seeds are rich with essential amino acid, such as leucine, isoleucine, histidine, phenylalanine, and valine. The urease obtained from the winged bean seeds had the optimum activity in the germination period of 8 days. The urease immobilization showed the optimum condition in the natrium alginate concentration of 5% (w/v) and beads formation period in solution CaCl2 for 60 minutes. The characterization results of free urease and immobilization had the optimum condition at the urea substrate of 0.2 M, and pH 7. Free urease had the optimum temperature of 35 oC, while the immobilized urease had the optimum temperature of 40 oC. The immobilized urease had the utilization stability up to 5 times with the relative activity of 48%. The EDX analysis results showed that the alginate did not contain N, while alginate urease beads contained N as much as 12%.]]>
<![CDATA[Preparation of Atorvastatin Calcium-Dipicolinic Acid Multicomponent Solids by Liquid-Assisted Grinding Method to Increase Solubility ]]>
<![CDATA[Yudi Wicaksono]]>;
<![CDATA[Shafira Faradiba Tsaniyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Budipratiwi Wisudyaningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Kuni Zu''aimah Barikah]]>;
<![CDATA[Lusia Oktora Ruma Kumala Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.3.5946
<![CDATA[Atorvastatin calcium is a cholesterol-lowering drug that is very potent but difficult to dissolve in water, so its bioavailability is low. In this study, atorvastatin calcium-dipicolinic acid multicomponent solids were prepared using the liquid-assisted grinding method to improve atorvastatin calcium's solubility. Characterization of multicomponent solids was carried out using powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solubility test was carried out by shaking method using distilled water media. The results showed that the particles of atorvastatin calcium - dipicolinic acid multicomponent solids had an irregular shape with rough and porous surface topography. The multicomponent solids have a diffractogram with specific peaks of 2θ at 8.8, 9.9, 11.5, 16.7, 19.1, 21.2, 22.4, 23.4, and 27.7°. The DSC thermogram of multicomponent solids showed a sharp endothermic peak at 181.9 °C (∆H=17.69 J/g), indicating its melting point. The FTIR spectra of atorvastatin calcium-dipicolinic acid multicomponent solids indicated an intermolecular interaction that was thought to be a hydrogen bond between the molecules of atorvastatin calcium and dipicolinic acid. The results of the solubility test showed that the atorvastatin calcium-dipicolinic acid multicomponent solids had a significantly increased solubility (p<0.05) compared to the solubility of pure atorvastatin calcium.]]>
<![CDATA[Synthesis Glycine-Modulated Metal Organic Framework Cr-PTC-Gly for Synergetic Methylene Blue Adsorption and Photodegradation under Visible Light Irradiation ]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.3.6126
<![CDATA[The glycine-modulated metal-organic framework (MOF) Cr-PTC-Gly was successfully synthesized for methylene blue elimination application. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) characterization showed the stretching vibration N-H at 2034 cm-1. The bands at 1506 and 1406 cm-1 are asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations (-COO) bound to Cr3+ ions and 3118 cm-1 of the hydroxyl (OH) functional group of H2O bound to the Cr3+ ion. The band gap energy of MOF Cr- PTC-Gly is 1.9 eV. The XRD analysis showed that MOF Cr-PTC-Gly has good crystallinity with a crystal size of 17.79 nm. MOF Cr-PTC-Gly with 50% glycine gave the most optimum elimination activity with an elimination capacity of 87.95 mg/gram via adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. The adsorption mechanisms were carried out via electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interaction. In contrast, photocatalytic degradation was carried out by forming free radical species with hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as a dominant species that contributed to the methylene blue degradation.]]>
<![CDATA[Cholestan Steroids from The Stem Bark of Aglaia angustifolia Miq and Their Cytotoxic Activity against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines ]]>
<![CDATA[Hutagaol, Ricson Pemimpin]]>;
<![CDATA[Mozef, Tjandrawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Fajriah, Sofa]]>;
<![CDATA[Primahana, Gian]]>;
<![CDATA[Supratman, Unang]]>;
<![CDATA[Harneti, Desi]]>;
<![CDATA[Hidayat, Ace Tatang]]>;
<![CDATA[Awang, Khalijah]]>;
<![CDATA[Shiono, Yoshihito]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.6205
<![CDATA[With about 120 species, Aglaia is one of the largest genera of the plant family Meliaceae (the mahogany plants). Various Aglaia species have been investigated since the 1960s for their phytochemical constituents and biological properties. This research objective was to find secondary metabolites that have activity as anti-breast cancer compounds from endemic Indonesian Aglaia, such as Aglaia angustifolia Miq. Two cholestan type steroids, stigmast-5en-3α-acetat (1), as a new steroid with α-sterochemistry of acetyl moiety at C-3 and 23a-homostigmast-5en-3β-ol (2), with unusual side chain were isolated for the first time from the stem bark of Aglaia angustifolia Miq or known as segara tree in Kalimantan. The chemical structures of two steroids were identified with spectroscopic data, including IR, NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT 135°, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY, 1H-1H COSY) and HRTOF-MS, as well as by comparing with previously reported spectral data. These two steroids were isolated for the first time from this genus. Steroids 1 and 2 were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and showed weak activity with IC50 values of 829.0 and 903.0 µg/mL, respectively.]]>
<![CDATA[RAPD Profiles of Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. Collected from Puspa Nirmala Orchids Banyumas, Central Java ]]>
<![CDATA[Agus Hery Susanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Ali Romadhoni]]>;
<![CDATA[Murni Dwiati]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.6206
<![CDATA[Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. is an orchid species spread over Southeast Asia countries. This species is very popular among ornamental plant collectors, especially due to its densely pack inflorescences. Hence, it is commercially found in many ornamental plant nursuries, such as Puspa Nirmala Orchids Banyumas, Central Java. Further development of the species should be supported by scientific data, particularly regarding the genetic variation. One of the molecular markers commonly used to study genetic variation is Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This study aims to assess genetic variation of R. gigantea cultivars of Puspa Nirmala Orchids Banyumas collection by RAPD profiles. Genomic DNAs were extracted from leaf samples of eight R. gigantea individuals, while RAPD markers were amplified using five random primers (OPA-15, OPK-16, OPP-15, OPP-08 and OPO-08). Descriptive analysis was employed on the data obtained. It was revealed that all of the primers resulted in a 100% monomorphism. This indicates an extremely low genetic variation among R. gigantea population of Puspa Nirmala Orchids collection, which is probably due to the same origin from a selected hybrid of the same crosses.]]>
<![CDATA[Levels of Cortisol and Inflammatory Cytokines after The Induction of Various Sleep Deprivation Stress Models in Male Wistar Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Fitranto Arjadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Sindhu Wisesa]]>;
<![CDATA[Nor Sri Inayani]]>;
<![CDATA[Prasetyo Tri Kuncoro]]>;
<![CDATA[Catharina Widiartini]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.3.6218
<![CDATA[Sleep deprivation (SD) can modulate the production of various cytokines, including pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) increases the risk of inflammation but can be relieved by sleep recovery (SR). This study aimed to determine the differences in levels of cortisol and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, dan IFN-γ) in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after induction of various sleep deprivation stress models. Twenty-five of male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, PSD (20 hours of SD/day for five days), Total Sleep Deprivation or TSD (24 hours of SD/day for five days), PSD+SR (PSD followed by SR), and TSD+SR (TSD followed by SR). The plasma cortisol levels were measured with ELISA, and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured with immunoassay and calculated with fold change. Mean cortisol levels were significantly increased in treatment groups compared to the control group (p=0.029). Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference in inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-6 (p=0.658), IL-10 (p=0.065), TNF-α (p=0.399), and IFN-γ (p=0.283) in all groups. In conclusion, various sleep deprivation stress models affect cortisol levels but not inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ among male Wistar rats.]]>
<![CDATA[Essential Oils of Alpinia monopleura and Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity ]]>
<![CDATA[Agung Wibawa Mahatva Yodha]]>;
<![CDATA[Esti Badia]]>;
<![CDATA[Musdalipah Musdalipah]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Azdar Setiawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Saadah Daud]]>;
<![CDATA[Angriani Fusvita]]>;
<![CDATA[Adryan Fristiohady]]>;
<![CDATA[Sahidin Sahidin]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 1 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6265
<![CDATA[Alpinia monopleura is an endemic plant which widespread and abundant in Sulawesi. Nevertheless, previous studies have not studied the chemical compound and biological activity. This study describes the chemical compounds and antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils isolated from A. monopleura. The essential oil was obtained by the hydro distillation method and interpreted by GCMS. Antibacterial properties were determined by the agar diffusion method, while DPPH and ABTS determined antioxidant activity. The most important components are α-caryophyllene, β-pinene, limonene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide. Essential oils of leaves and fruit showed excellent antibacterial properties with a MIC strength of 31.3 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25023 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218. The highest antioxidant effect was also shown by inhibiting ABTS and DPPH radicals, with IC50 strength of essential oil obtained from the leaf being 15.60 and 19.42 μg/mL, respectively, while from the fruit were 10.44 and 11.93 μg/mL. These antibacterial and antioxidant properties indicate that essential oils have advantages in their use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.]]>
<![CDATA[An Indirect Colorimetric Method for Potassium Determination in Soil Using a Paper Device and Smartphone ]]>
<![CDATA[Thinikan Thongkam]]>;
<![CDATA[Khuanjit Hemavibool]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.3.6279
<![CDATA[This study presents a simple method for determination of potassium in microliter scale using a paper device together with a smartphone. The method begins with the ion-pair extraction of dibenzo-18-crown-6-K+ complex into dichloromethane with an excess amount of calmagite. The aqueous phase containing the remaining calmagite is transferred to the paper device, where a smartphone is used to capture the color and convert to RGB value. The linear detection range was found to cover potassium concentrations from 20 mg L-1 to 120 mg L-1. The detection and quantification are 5.41 mg L-1 and 18.03 mg L-1, respectively. Potassium detection was carried out in a variety of actual soil samples, and the results were validated against spectrophotometric results using a paired t-test, which indicated high accuracy. The proposed method is simple, fast, and inexpensive, and it requires no complicated equipment, making it ideally suited for detection of potassium in soil.]]>
<![CDATA[In vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Meliaceae Plants Collection of Eka Karya Bali Botanic Garden ]]>
<![CDATA[Arrohmatus Syafaqoh Li’aini]]>;
<![CDATA[I Putu Agus Hendra Wibawa]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayyu Rahayu]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.3.6285
<![CDATA[Meliaceae are popularly used to produce terpenoid and limonoid compounds. These compounds have the potential as antioxidants, antimicrobials, insecticides, antipyretics, and anthelmintics. This research aims to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Meliaceae leaves extract of Eka Karya Bali Botanic Garden plants collection. The dried leaves of 15 species of Meliaceae were extracted by methanol. In vitro antimicrobial tests were carried out on agar media inoculated by selected microbe. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity was assayed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. As a result, Aphanamixis polystachya against Aspergillus niger (35.21 mm) and Cladosporium sp. (46.21), Toona hexandra against Fusarium solani (37.31 mm), Dysoxylum cauliflorum against Candida albicans (38.19 mm), Chisocheton pentandrus against Salmonella typhimurium (39.53 mm), Sandoricum koetjape against Staphylococcus aureus (50.07 mm), and Toona hexandra against Streptococcus nutans (42.25 mm) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the antioxidant screening showed that Cipadessa baccifera, C. pentandrus, and Sandoricum koetjape exhibited strong antioxidant activity, while T. ciliata showed a very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 33.64 μg/mL. This study reveals an initial screening of the potential of various types of Meliaceae as a source of antioxidants and antibacterials. Furthermore, this information can be used as a new alternative for pharmaceutical companies and the industrial sector in the development of new products.]]>
