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INDONESIA
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Published by Borneo Scientific Publishing
ISSN : 26226596     EISSN : 2622660X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.53770/medica
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Chemistry Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal), with registered number ISSN 2622-6596 (Print), 2622-660X (Online) is an Open Access and peer-reviewed journal presenting timely research on all aspects of health that other media have not published. Managed by the Borneo Scientific Publishing, published by Borneo Scientific Publishing. MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) will publish journals three times yearly: January, May, and October. Manuscripts are published as original articles, review articles, and case reports. The Journal invites public health concerned with any of these areas to submit research on topics including, but not limited to Health promotion & disease prevention in all stages of human life, Medical laboratory, Nursing, Environmental Health, Epidemiology and biostatistics. Health policy and administration, Public health nutrition, Occupational health and safety, Health Promotion, Reproductive health, maternal and child health, and other related articles in public health.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 63 Documents
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Family Caregivers Challenges for Stroke Survivors in the Community: A Literature Review Israfil, Israfil; Wulandari, Sarah Kartika; Suyasa, I Gede Putu Darma; Indrayani, Ni Luh Dwi; Agustini, Ni Luh Putu Inca Buntari
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i3.843

Abstract

Stroke is a chronic condition that significantly reduces the patient's quality of life and increases the need for support from family caregivers. This situation places the family as a crucial element in patient care, yet often presents significant challenges for family caregivers. This study aims to identify and describe the various challenges faced by families caring for stroke patients in the community. A literature review design was employed. Relevant articles published between 2020 and 2025 were retrieved from international databases including PubMed and ScienceDirect, using the keywords "family challenges" OR "family burden" AND "stroke" OR "stroke survivor." The inclusion criteria were determined using the PEO framework. A total of 346 articles were identified, and fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria for the review. The findings indicate that family caregivers of stroke patients face various challenges due to the complex demands of care, ranging from emotional stress at the time of diagnosis to physical and social challenges during home care. Challenges are further exacerbated when the patient experiences dysphagia, severe disability, or psychological problems such as depression and anxiety. Factors contributing to these challenges include the family caregiver's employment status, educational level, kinship relationship, social support, knowledge of stroke rehabilitation, the transition process from hospital to home, limited access to healthcare, and limited social activities. Caring for stroke patients presents significant challenges for families, who serve as the primary caregiver system and play a central role in community care. Interventions that support family caregivers through education, psychosocial support, and access to adequate health and rehabilitation services are crucial for community nurses to reduce caregiver burden and improve the quality of life for both family caregivers and stroke patients in the community.
Occupational Exposure and Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Workers: A Literature Review Indrayani, Ni Luh Dwi; Israfil, Israfil; Suyasa, I Gede Putu Darma; Pimsen, Apiradee
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i3.846

Abstract

Early musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms across occupations often present as strain or fatigue, which may progress into long-term disorders and contribute to global burden disease. This reviewed literature examined occupational exposures and their association with musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms related to work using MeSH term and Emtree in structuring a framework of population, context, and concept. The population (P) included workers, the concept (C) focused on prevalence and exposure, and the context (C) addressed musculoskeletal pain, discomfort, or symptoms. Eligible studies reporting self-reported prevalence or occupational risk factors were systematically extracted and summarized. Findings among 9 articles indicated majority prevalence of MSK symptoms higher than 60% measured mostly by Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). The highest body part major in low back and upper limbs including wrists for pink-collar, while in blue-collar workers fairly distributed in upper and lower limbs. The physical exposure mainly due to injury body weight, meanwhile psychosocial occupational exposures such as mental stress, job tenure contribute significantly to musculoskeletal symptoms (p<0.001) rather than physical exposure, with prevalence and distribution varying across body regions and occupational groups. These results emphasize the need for baseline data to guide future research based on job demands and inform targeted preventive strategies and workplace interventions.
Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Warm Foot Bath Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Patients Ismansyah, Ismansyah; Supriyanto, Arif; Frana Andrianur; Ernawati, Rini
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i4.869

Abstract

Hospitalised patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are often exposed to situational anxiety that activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, increases cortisol levels, and contributes to poor glycaemic control; therefore, complementary non-pharmacological nursing interventions that reduce stress may enhance standard treatment outcomes. This study aimed to compare the effects of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and warm water foot bath therapy (WWFB) on random blood glucose (RBG) levels among hospitalised patients with T2DM receiving standard care. A parallel three-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted in three inpatient wards of Pupuk Kaltim Hospital, Bontang, between August and September 2025, involving 48 patients with admission RBG ≥ 200 mg/dL who were randomly assigned to PMR, WWFB, or control groups in equal proportions using computer-generated randomisation with allocation concealment. The interventions were administered for 15–20 minutes once daily over three consecutive days, and outcome assessors were blinded to group allocation. Data were analysed using paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post-hoc tests, and effect size measures. The results showed significant reductions in RBG within all groups, with greater decreases observed in the PMR and WWFB groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in post-intervention RBG between groups, where both PMR and WWFB demonstrated superior effects compared to standard care, while no significant difference was found between the two intervention groups. In conclusion, both progressive muscle relaxation and warm water foot bath therapy are effective complementary nursing interventions for improving glycaemic control in hospitalised patients with T2DM and may be integrated into routine clinical practice to support diabetes management.
Investigating the Correlation among Variables in the Islamic Spirituality Model for Comfort in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Wahyuningsih, Indah Sri; Sukartini, Tintin; Dewi, Yulis Setiya Dewi; Luthfa, Iskim
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i4.898

Abstract

Comfort in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is crucial to accelerate the healing process during their stay in intensive care units (ICUs). Factors contributing to patient comfort are essential in providing comprehensive nursing care. This study aims to investigate the relationship among variables, including patient characteristics, emotional response, healthcare service, Islamic spirituality, spiritual meaning, and comfort in patients with CHD. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 110 respondents in the ICUs of hospitals across Central Java Province, Indonesia, from January to May 2023. The sample was taken using purposive sampling. The data were collected using questionnaires that had been modified under a permission from the authors. SmartPLS 3 with partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the correlation among the variables. The result showed that patient characteristics showed significant correlations with emotional response (t=2.082, p=0.038) and spiritual meaning (t=3.142, p=0.002). Similarly, support significantly correlated with emotional response (t=4.032, p<0.001) and spiritual meaning (t=2.448, p=0.015). Healthcare service exhibited significant correlations with emotional response (t=9.485, p<0.001) and spiritual meaning (t=5.249, p<0.001). Emotional response was found to correlate with Islamic spirituality and spiritual meaning (t>1.96, p<0.05), while Islamic spirituality showed a significant correlation with spiritual meaning (t=2.727, p=0.007). Finally, spiritual meaning significantly correlated with comfort (t=6.119, p<0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated significant correlations among variables such as patient characteristics, support, healthcare service, emotional response, Islamic spirituality and spiritual meaning to enhance patient comfort in ICUs. Policymakers should pay attention to factors affecting patient comfort during their stay in ICUs, including physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental comfort based on self-regulation.  
The Role of Absence of Close Friends in Suicidal Planning Among Thai Adolescents: Analysis of Nationwide Global School-based Health Survey Data Ratnawati, Riska; Sham, Shaharuddin Mohd
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i4.899

Abstract

Phenomena of suicide among adolescents in Thailand remains a pressing public health concern. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents aged 15–19 in Thailand. While previous studies have highlighted psychiatric, familial, and psychosocial risk factors, limited evidence exists on the specific role of peer relationships, particularly the absence of close friends, in suicidal planning. This study objective examined the association between adolescents without close friends and suicidal planning using nationally representative data from the 2021 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). A cross-sectional design using a secondary data approach was employed, analyzing responses from 4,659 students aged 13–17 years after excluding incomplete cases. The independent variable was the absence of close friends, and the dependent variable was suicidal planning within the past 12 months. Binary logistic regression was conducted, adjusting for confounders including age, sex, loneliness, bullying, parental understanding, and peer kindness. Results indicated that adolescents without close friends had a significantly higher likelihood of reporting suicidal plans (OR = 1.042, 95% CI: 1.026–1.058, p < 0.001). Emotional distress factors such as loneliness and worry-induced sleeplessness, along with experiences of bullying, further amplified risk. These findings align with the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, which emphasizes thwarted belongingness as a driver of suicidal ideation. The study underscores the protective role of peer relationships in adolescent mental health and highlights the need for interventions that strengthen peer support systems and inclusive school environments. Limitations include reliance on self-reported data and the cross-sectional design, which cannot explains causal inference. Future longitudinal research is recommended to explore temporal ambiguity of peer relationships and suicidality.
The Role of Vitamin D in TNF-α Levels in Pulmonary TB Patients Sahidan, Sahidan; Sulistyasmi, Wiwit; Farizal, Jon; Hartini, Supri; Ujiani, Sri
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i4.908

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, with immune responses particularly tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) playing a key role in disease progression. Vitamin D, synthesized through sunlight exposure, has been suggested to modulate immune responses; however, its effect on TNF-α in TB patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sunlight exposure on TNF-α levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. A quasi-experimental pre–post study was conducted among 60 TB patients divided into control and intervention groups. TNF-α levels were measured before and after intervention and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, including the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed a slight increase in mean TNF-α levels after sunlight exposure; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.475). Increased variability in TNF-α levels after the intervention suggests heterogeneous individual responses. These findings indicate that sunlight exposure may have a limited effect on TNF-α modulation in TB patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and comprehensive biomarker assessments are needed to clarify the relationship between sunlight exposure, vitamin D, and immune responses in tuberculosis.
Integrated Behavioral Practices among Mothers of Stunted Children in a River Basin Community Marlenywati, Marlenywati; Budiastutik, Indah; Trisnawati, Elly; Rizky, Ayu; Ningsih, Winda Mulia
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i3.949

Abstract

Stunting remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in vulnerable communities such as urban riverine settlements. This study aimed to evaluate changes in key behavioral practices following the implementation of an integrated behavioral intervention among mothers of stunted children under five in the Kapuas River Basin community of Pontianak. This study employed a one-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design involving 30 mothers of stunted children. The intervention consisted of modules on household hygiene practices, responsive caregiving, and active feeding practices, delivered through direct facilitation by trained health workers at Posyandu (integrated health service posts). Data were analyzed using paired sample t-tests to assess differences before and after the intervention. The findings demonstrated significant improvements across all three behavioral domains. Household hygiene practices improved with a moderate effect size, indicating better hygiene behaviors at the household level. The greatest improvement was observed in responsive caregiving, with a large effect size reflecting enhanced caregiver child interactions following the intervention. Active feeding practices also showed improvement, although with a small-to-moderate effect size, suggesting that changes in feeding behavior may require more intensive and sustained support. In conclusion, community-based integrated behavioral interventions are effective in improving caregiving and hygiene practices associated with stunting risk pathways in urban riverine communities. These findings highlight the importance of context-specific behavioral strategies as part of comprehensive, community-based stunting prevention efforts in high-risk environments.
Determinant Factors of Stunting among Toddlers Based on Birth History, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Supplementary Feeding, and Maternal Height Status Dahliansyah, Dahliansyah; Desi, Desi; Rafiony, Ayu; Trihardiani, Ismi
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i4.950

Abstract

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a public health priority in Indonesia, including in West Kalimantan Province and the city of Pontianak, where prevalence rates are still above the national average. This condition is influenced by various prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors, necessitating a comprehensive analysis of its determinants at the local level. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between birth history (birth weight and birth length), exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding (PMT), and maternal height with the incidence of stunting among toddlers in South Pontianak in 2024. This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 1.000 toddlers selected through stratified random sampling, and data were analyzed using Chi-Square and logistic regression tests. The results showed that birth weight (p=0.002), birth length (p=0.002), PMT (p=0.003), and maternal height (p=0.016) were significantly associated with stunting, where low birth weight increased the risk by 1.8 times, short birth length by 1.55 times, and maternal height <150 cm by 1.4 times, while PMT acted as a protective factor (OR=0.62) despite a higher prevalence of stunting among recipients; exclusive breastfeeding was not significantly associated (p=0.471). In conclusion, stunting is influenced by prenatal and maternal factors, highlighting the importance of strengthening maternal nutrition, early growth monitoring, and optimizing targeted supplementary feeding programs (PMT) as key strategies for prevention.
The Efficacy of the ‘My Darling’ Family Planning App in Reducing Unmet Postpartum Virawati, Dini Indo; Lushinta, Lidia; Sinaga, Elisa Goretti
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i3.977

Abstract

Unmet need for family planning is highest among women during the first year postpartum, reflecting gaps in access to effective counselling services, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Integrating family planning counselling into antenatal and postnatal care has been proposed as a strategy to improve service efficiency and accessibility. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the family planning counselling needs of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, develop an online counselling application (“My Darling KB”), and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing postpartum unmet need for family planning. This study employed a quantitative experimental approach using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. A total of 150 pregnant women from four selected clinics in Samarinda City were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group, with 75 participants in each group. The intervention group received counselling through the “My Darling KB” application, while the control group received standard care. The results showed that baseline characteristics between the intervention and control groups were comparable. The use of the “My Darling KB” application significantly reduced postpartum unmet need for family planning. Furthermore, pregnant women who received counselling through the application demonstrated a higher intention to use modern contraceptive methods compared to those in the control group. In conclusion, the “My Darling KB” application is an effective digital intervention for improving family planning counselling and reducing postpartum unmet need for contraception. This approach offers a promising strategy to enhance access to reproductive health services, particularly in contexts with limited face-to-face interaction, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Factors Analysis of Stunting Prevention Effort in Mother of Toddlers through Snehandu B. Karr Theory Approach Puspitadewi, Teresia Retna; Jannah, Roudlotul; Wahyuriyanto, Yasin
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i3.978

Abstract

Stunting remains a major global public health problem reflecting chronic malnutrition in children and contributing substantially to under-five mortality worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the dominant factors influencing stunting prevention efforts among mothers of toddlers using the Snehandu B. Karr theoretical approach in the working area of Wire Public Health Center, Tuban Regency. An analytical cross-sectional design was employed in August 2022 involving 200 mothers of toddlers selected through quota sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire developed based on the Snehandu B. Karr theory to assess internal and external determinants of preventive behavior. Univariate analysis was conducted to describe respondent characteristics and study variables, while bivariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were performed to identify significant and dominant factors. The results showed that social support (p = 0.029), behavioral intention (p = 0.018), and autonomy (p = 0.018) were significantly associated with stunting prevention efforts, whereas access to information (p = 0.998) and situational factors (p = 0.999) were not significantly related. Behavioral intention was identified as the most dominant factor influencing stunting prevention behavior among mothers. In conclusion, strengthening maternal behavioral intention, enhancing social support, and promoting autonomy are crucial to improving stunting prevention efforts; therefore, future studies should focus on intervention-based and longitudinal approaches to better understand causal relationships and evaluate the effectiveness of behavior change strategies.

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