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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 928 Documents
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Environmental Health Risk Analysis of SO2 and NO2 in Kemiri Muka Village, Depok City, Indonesia Aulia, Nuansa Dwika; Hartono, Budi
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Kemiri Muka is a village in Beji Subdistrict, Depok City, Indonesia. Based on a preliminary survey conducted in one of the neighborhood units of Kemiri Muka Village, the residential had a high density of houses and was close to traditional markets, toll roads, the main road of Depok City, and landfills. This caused the air quality in the village area to decline. This study aimed to analyze risks to public health and the environment from exposure to toxic substances, SO2 and NO2, which are high in the air due to transportation on the highway and population density. The sample from this study consisted of three age groups: 15 adults, 3 school-age children, and 5 toddlers. This study used the Environmental Health Risk Analysis to analyze the data. Based on the results, the risk quotient (RQ) of non-carcinogenic effects by exposure to inhalation of chemical agents, NO2 and SO2, were also included in safe risk because all RQ values were
Economic Loss of Leptospirosis: Is It Still Appropriate to be Tropical Neglected Zoonosis Disease? Nugraheni, Wahyu Pudji; Lestyoningrum, Sinta Dewi; Ristiyanto, Ristiyanto; Putro, Wahyu Gito; Pawitaningtyas, Indah; Nuraini, Syarifah; Putri, Linta Meyla; Faisal, Debri Rizki; Noveyani, Adhista Eka; Mikrajab, Muhammad Agus
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Leptospirosis is a tropical endemic disease that can reduce the productivity of sufferers. However, research on economic and productivity losses due to leptospirosis is rare. This study aimed to determine economic and productivity losses due to leptospirosis in the Banyumas District, Indonesia, as an endemic area. This study used a cross-sectional design and quantitative methods conducted in October 2022. Secondary data of medical records and billing information from 73 inpatients receiving treatment at a Public Hospital in the Banyumas District from February 2021 to September 2022 obtained from the hospital’s archives were used. This study examined the actual costs (direct and indirect costs) of treatment, average length of stay, and patient characteristics. Statistical tools were carried out to check the results. The results showed that over half of leptospirosis patients used insurance with an economic loss of USD 289.64 and a productivity loss value of USD 388,499. Patients infected with leptospirosis vary in age. Leptospirosis results in loss of patient productivity during treatment. Increasing prevention and control to prevent deaths and economic burdens on society and local governments is proposed to local governments.
Exercise to Improve Asthma Control and Lung Function in Stable Asthma: An Evidence-based Case Report Romdhon, Abdul Rois; Abraham, Andre Thadeo; Damayanti, Triya
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with respiratory symptoms that vary over time and intensity. Exercise-induced asthma patients are advised to avoid strenuous physical activity, which can trigger bronchospasm. However, appropriate exercise can improve asthma control and lung function in stable asthma patients. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, COCHRANE, and EMBASE databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines according to the specified eligibility criteria. Those studies were critically appraised using the Oxford Critical Appraisal Tool 4.0. Four articles were selected based on the PRISMA search strategy flowchart to assess their validity, importance, and applicability. There was a significant effect of aerobic exercise on lung function (p-value = 0.05) and asthma control (p-value = 0.004). There was a significant effect of breathing exercise on the quality-of-life outcome group (p-value <0.05) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)% predicted (p-value <0.001). Physical exercise for 30 minutes two to three times per week or yoga exercise for 60 minutes per day for 3-5 days improves lung function and asthma control in stable asthma patients.
Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Infection on Mortality of Burn Patients at Public Hospital X in Jakarta: A Retrospective Study Veronica, Raja Merlinda; Kumalawati, July; Rumende, Cleopas Martin; Nainggolan, Leonard; Simadibrata, Marcellus; Shatri, Hamzah; Yunir, Em; Wardhana, Aditya; Nelwan, Erni Juwita; Rustam, Musfardi
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Susceptibility to infection and increasing antibiotic resistance put burn patients at risk of developing infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). This condition can progress to sepsis, increasing morbidity and mortality. This retrospective cohort study employed the medical record data of patients treated at Public Hospital X in Jakarta, Indonesia, from January 2020 to June 2022. Of 160 subjects, most were aged <60 years (82.5%) and had comorbidities (16.88%). The most common cause of burns was fire (86.25%). The use of medical devices was 90.63%, with a 14-day median length of stay. The most common gram-negative MDRO pathogens were K. pneumoniae (29.91%), Enterobacter sp (22.32%), and Acinetobacter (20.54%); 45% of patients infected with MDRO died. The bivariate analysis found an increased risk of death due to MDRO infection in burn patients (RR 1.103; 95%CI 1.004-1.211, p-value = 0.046). After adjusting for role variables (age, comorbidities, total body surface area, use of medical devices, length of stay) and from multivariate analysis, the confounding variables for MDRO infection and mortality were length of stay and age. MDRO infection increases the mortality rate in burn patients. Mortality in burn patients due to MDRO infection is greater than non-MDRO.
Data Mining Analysis with Orange in the Development of Tuberculosis Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Bintang, Malahayati Rusli; Bachtiar, Adang; Candi, Cicilya
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Prevention and treatment of diabetes will have a positive influence on tuberculosis (TB) since people may get TB because they have diabetes mellitus (DM). Recording and reporting through the TB Information System are not run optimally because of many factors. The information system must be strengthened to be used by private health facilities. This study used secondary data from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (IBHR). The data was analyzed univariately and analyzed further using Orange Data Mining Tools to test the screening tool model used to predict TB in diabetic individuals. The total sample in this study from each data was 38,136 people. The 2013 IBHR stated that 749 people (2%) were diagnosed with pulmonary TB, while the 2018 IBHR stated that 97 people (0.3%) were diagnosed in the previous six months. The results of the Orange analysis showed that precision and recall calculations in this study were quite good, at 0.9. Therefore, the model would likely predict the occurrence of TB in diabetic individuals. According to Orange, the TB-DM electronic screening tool model tends to estimate the incidence of TB in diabetic individuals.
Ammonia Exposure Based on the Length of Work to Lung Function Abnormalities Among Traditional Scavengers Jasmine, Maulyda Shakeela; Nurcandra, Fajaria; Fithri, Nayla Kamilia; Buntara, Arga
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Lung function abnormalities can be caused by smoking habits or air pollution. Sanitary landfills can produce ammonia, which can cause lung function abnormalities. This study aimed to determine a relationship between ammonia exposure based on the length of work and lung function abnormalities among traditional scavengers at the Sumur Batu Landfill, Bekasi City, West Java Province, Indonesia. This analytical observational study applied quantitative methods and cross-sectional design. A total of 85 scavengers were selected using purposive sampling from March to May 2023. Data was obtained using a respondent characteristics questionnaire, spirometry, and spectrophotometer and analyzed using the Cox Regression Model. Most respondents (54.12%) had lung function abnormalities, and 79.17% had worked ≥8.5 years. The adjPR of ammonia exposure based on the length of work to lung function abnormalities was 3.413 (95% CI 1.51—7.71). There were confounding variables between ammonia exposure based on the length of work and lung function abnormalities: smoking status and lung disease record. In conclusion, ammonia exposure based on the length of work strongly correlates with lung function abnormalities in scavengers after adjusting for the lung disease record and smoking behavior.
New Approach to Mapping Regional Vulnerability in Controlling Tuberculosis Disease in Indonesia Herawati, Maria Holly; Hermawan, Asep; Dasuki, Dasuki; Supratikta, Hadi; Asyary, Al; Khomarudin, M Rokhis; Priyatna, Muhammad; Raflizar, Raflizar; Kristina, Kristina; Pracoyo, Noer Endah; Bisara, Dina; Purnami, Cahya Tri; Suteja, Mentari Nur Farida; Bachtiar, Yusrial; Sukoco, Noor Edi Widya; Lasut, Doni
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia is still a health problem. The TB prevalence in Indonesia ranks second in the world after India in 2023. Regional factors, inadequate healthcare facilities, and limited resources (financial, human, and infrastructure) are challenges requiring innovation to help the government control TB. TB eradication efforts need to be made with a comprehensive and effective approach. One method used is to look at the vast territory of Indonesia, therefore, mapping the TB disease vulnerability is a highly recommended method. The use of a Geographic Information System is expected to help map the TB vulnerability areas in Indonesia. Given the existence of several epidemiological, socio-geographic, and environmental factors influencing TB, the question arises of how to map TB vulnerability areas in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional design, secondary data was collected from several sources, and a vulnerability analysis was performed by considering several socio-environmental epidemiological variables. Furthermore, after the analysis, the TB area vulnerability category would be obtained along with a map of TB vulnerability areas in Indonesia according to regional and district analysis units. This study produces a TB susceptibility index and map in Indonesia for the regions of Sumatra, Java-Bali, and other regions.
Smoking Habit at Home and Upper Respiratory Infection in Infants Aged 6-12 Months Rustam, Musfardi; Sembiring, Nur Pelita; Effendy, Taswir
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URI) is an acute infection caused by viruses, fungi, and bacteria. Smoking habit at home is a risk factor for URI in infants. This study aimed to determine a relationship between smoking at home and the incidence of URI in infants. This study was conducted the fourth week of February 2010 until the third week of April 2010 in Kampar District, Indonesia. This analytical study used a case-control design and cluster random sampling. The samples comprised 162 cases and 162 controls, infants aged 6-12 months. The cases were 162 infants aged 6-12 months suffering from URI within the last month. The controls included mothers visiting primary health care with infants aged 6-12 months and not suffering from URI within the last month. Data analysis took a logistic regression. This study showed that smoking habit at home had an Odds Ratio of 2.68 times (95%CI: 1.51-4.81) for experiencing URI compared to infants whose families did not have such habit. Health promotion of the dangers of smoking at home through a family approach and anti-smoking campaigns must be more intensively carried out among all Indonesian families to control URI.
Prevention of Tuberculosis Transmission Through Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection in the Air Juliasih, Ni Njoman; Koendhori, Eko Budi; Semita, I Nyoman
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a dangerous and highly contagious disease. Global cases have increased since, and Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest number of TB cases. This study aimed to prevent TB transmission by analyzing air contamination. Air samples were taken from three primary health cares (PHCs) in Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia, and cultured in Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) media. Of the 108 air samples collected, 36 came from the waiting room, 36 from the examination room, and 36 from the laboratory room. As a result, the waiting room (50%), examination room (16.7%), and laboratory room (2.7%) were declared positive. In short, the air in the three PHCs contained mycobacterium tuberculosis. There is a need for room management to prevent TB transmission.
Passive Smoking and Its Correlation with Stunting in Children: A Systematic Review Rahmiwati, Anita; Karlinda, Karlinda; Hasyim, Hamzah; Febriyansyah, Febriyansyah
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Passive smoking is a significant risk factor for stunting in children, highlighting the urgent need for effective public health measures. This study aimed to investigate the association between passive smoking and stunting in children aged 0 months-7 years. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple online databases, including PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Willey Online Library, Sage Journal, Cambridge University Press, and Oxford Academic. The quality of included articles reporting observational studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) checklist, presenting data through narrative synthesis. Findings suggested that passive smoking significantly contributed to the risk of stunting in children. Most reviewed articles were from low-income countries and reported studies with various age groups, demographic characteristics, and self-reported measures. Establishing a causal relationship remains challenging, with 99% of these studies using a cross-sectional design. Based on these findings, further study into this relationship using more comprehensive study designs is necessary. Interventions for mothers and children experiencing stunting should also be prioritized to reduce risk factors and strengthen protective factors.

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