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Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 02169347     EISSN : 23380772     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
JKB contains articles from research that focus on basic medicine, clinical medicine, epidemiology, and preventive medicine (social medicine).
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 822 Documents
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The Potential of Shell Extract as a Hemostasis and Wound Healing Agent: A Literature Review Erlyn, Putri; Irfannuddin, Irfannuddin; Murti, Krisna; Lesbani, Aldes
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2023.033.01.6

Abstract

Hemostasis is an emergency medical treatment to reduce pain and patient mortality, therefore research is being developed to find effective hemostasis. The utilization of natural materials for hemostasis and wound healing is rapidly expanding, including chitosan found in shell extracts. Chitosan is obtained from chitin found in the soft shells of marine animals such as squid, shrimp, and crabs, or from hard shells such as clams, crabs, and lobsters. Chitosan offers advantages such as good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, and has been widely used in biomedical, chemical, food, and cosmetic industries. This literature review aims to investigate the potential of shell extracts, particularly the characteristics of chitosan, in wound healing across hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling stages. The study results indicate that extracts from shells containing chitosan exhibit varying characteristics in terms of molecular weight and degree of deacetylation. Chitosan with higher molecular weight and degree of deacetylation tends to yield better outcomes in hemostasis and wound healing. The material is effective in reducing antithrombin, enhancing blood clotting processes, and aiding clot formation. Increased molecular weight contributes to stimulating various cytokines, such as TNF-α, TGF-ß1, and FGF2, which play a key role in the wound healing process. Additionally, higher degree of deacetylation chitosan is effective in stimulating fibroblast proliferation. Chitosan also influences VEGF in inducing angiogenesis and enhancing neovascularization in bone healing. Chitosan from shell extracts with certain molecular weight characteristics and degree of deacetylation has the potential to be the material of choice for accelerating hemostasis and wound healing.
Conservative Management of Early Grade Unilateral Reinke's Edema with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Rahardjo, Sutji Pratiwi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2023.033.01.10

Abstract

Reinke's edema is described as fluid-filled vocal folds in the Reinke's space. Unilateral cases are uncommon and might caused by gastrointestinal reflux. We report a 61-year-old man with complaints of hoarseness since one year ago, which was getting worse for the past two months. Examination of the reflux symptom index (RSI) obtained a score of 23 and reflux finding score (RFS) score of 11. Examination of the flexible fiber laryngoscopy showed that the right vocal fold size was thicker than the contralateral side, greyish in color, soft, and did not bleed easily. The patient was then given conservative therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), corticosteroids, and mucolytics, accompanied by lifestyle modifications. Clinical improvement was found at four weeks of evaluation. In conclusion, the response to conservative therapy and elimination of risk factors for early-stage Reinke's edema contributes well to disease recovery, particularly those caused by laryngopharyngeal reflux.
The Effect of Social Support on Adolescent Mental Health: Literatur Review Harahap, Ana Pujianti; Daramusseng, Andi; Choirunissa, Risza; Nugraheni, Sri Achadi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2023.033.01.7

Abstract

Adolescence is a period that experiences many changes in hormonal, physical, psychological, and social aspects. If not controlled properly, these changes can lead to mental disorders in adolescents. This study aims to explore the relationship between social support and adolescent mental health through literature review. The review analyzed articles sourced from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect as a database with a range of publications between 2012-2022 using the keywords mental health, social support, and adolescents. There were 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The result showed that adolescents' mental health is largely determined by the social support surrounding them. Adolescents who lack social support from their families, teachers, and peers will result in bad effects of their mental health. The social support of the nuclear family, especially parents, played a very important role in adolescent mental health. In addition, the factor of the history of adolescents also needed to be considered as a risk factor. Therefore, there is a need for interventions in understanding social support to families, teachers, and adolescents, as well as further research in this topic.
Clinical Profile and Prognostic Factors of Mortality in Elderly Covid-19 at Ansari Saleh Hospital Agung SNC, Wiwit; Khairina, Ana; Erianty, Erni
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.13

Abstract

Morbidity and mortality of elderly with Covid-19 are higher than in adults. This study aimed to determine the prognostic factors of mortality in elderly with Covid -19. This research was a retrospective cohort study in patients aged 60 years and older with a PCR-confirmed diagnosis of Covid -19 admitted to Ansari Saleh Hospital, South Kalimantan, Indonesia between January to July 2021. Data on age, sex, comorbidities, symptoms, physical examinations, laboratory examinations, chest x-rays, and Covid severity degree were collected, univariate and multivariate analyses performed to determine the independent prognostic factors. The research results showed 209 samples met the criteria. The average age was 66,94 years, dominated by men (57.9%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (48.8%), diabetes mellitus (35.4%), and chronic heart failure (8.1%). The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (79.9%), cough (74.2%), and fever (56.5%). Patients treated mostly had severe/critical degree of Covid -19 (140 patients, or 67%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis on the variables of respiratory rate (p=0.009; OR=1.1), NLR level (p=0.002; OR=1.081), age (p=0.025; OR=2.479) and Covid severity degree (p=0.008; OR=8.206) showed significant results as independent prognostic factors of mortality. Covid severity degree variable has the highest prognostic level; patients with severe Covid degree have an 8.206 times higher chance of death than mild-to-moderate degrees. In conclusion, respiratory rate, NLR level, age, and Covid severity degree can act as prognostic factors of mortality in elderly suffering from Covid-19.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Citronella oil Against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans by In Vitro Study Sugiaman, Vinna Kurniwati; Widowati, Wahyu; Widya Kusuma, Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma; Salsabila, Nindia; Rizal, Rizal
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.01.1

Abstract

Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are the main microorganisms that cause dental cavities. It can cause infection, damaged tissue around teeth, abscesses, and focal infection to other organs in the body. Natural products are currently widely used as products or as additives in the prevention of dental caries which have more anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities than antibiotics that can cause resistance. Citronella (Cymbopogon citratus) is abundant and easy to grow. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of citronella (Cymbopogon citratus) oil on the growth of S. mutans and C. albicans microorganisms by Minimum Inhibitory Content (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Content (MBC). The method of MIC is broth microdilution by making chlorhexidine concentration levels of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, and 0.2% with 4 replications each. The MIC value was determined based on absorbance spectrophotometry and the MBC value was determined from the agar plate using the spread method. Biofilm eradication test was conducted by crystal-violet staining and measuring the absorbance. The results of MIC and MBC were obtained on S. mutans, namely at concentrations of 25% and 100%, respectively. Meanwhile, the results of MIC and MBC on C. albicans were obtained at concentrations of 50% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, the citronella oil has antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Promising Anthelmintic Properties of Papaya (Carica Papaya) Extract: A Literature Study An-Nisa, Syanur; Putri, Silma Amalia; Affandi, M Luqman; Pawestri, Aulia Rahmi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.01.8

Abstract

Helminthiasis is a lurking health issue worldwide. Currently, available anthelmintics focus on the benzimidazole group, despite their side effects and threats of anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, exploration of novel compounds with anthelmintic properties is crucial. Papaya (Carica papaya) contains active compounds with prospective anthelmintic properties. This literature review discusses the potential of papaya as an anthelmintic agent. We screened publications from indexed journals in English and Indonesian published between 2013–2023 covering topics of C. papaya active compounds and their anthelmintic properties. Seeds, leaves, bark, and stems of papaya showed various degrees of anthelmintic properties. Studies reported its efficacy against several helminth species with good safety profiles. C. papaya extract can be a promising anthelmintic candidate. Aside from its abundance, its effectiveness and safety yielded satisfactory results. Further research is needed to elicit the mechanism of C. papaya as a novel therapeutic modality for parasitic infections.
The Role of Plasma Osmolarity in the Mortality of Patients with Covid-19 Indiastari, Dewi; Candradikusuma, Didi; Sutanto, Heri; Budiarti, Niniek; Samsu, Nur
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.12

Abstract

Covid-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a new infectious disease that attacks the respiratory tract and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), causing multiorgan failure, often requiring temporary support such as the use of a ventilator or hemodialysis equipment. This condition is related to an imbalance in fluid distribution associated with changes in osmolarity or hyperosmolarity. This research aims to explain the role of plasma osmolarity in Covid-19 patients at dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, in patient outcomes, especially death outcomes. The sample for this study was 205 medical records of Covid-19 patients, recorded from September 2021 to May 2022. This study used a retrospective cohort design to describe plasma osmolarity in Covid-19 patients and the outcome of hospitalized patients. There were 205 patient data obtained, with 85 patients dying aged <65 years. Sixty-eight patients of Covid-19 with comorbidities (DM, HT, AKI, CKD, combination) died. There was no difference in plasma osmolarity for living and deceased patients. Repeated plasma osmolarity (retest) had a good degree of accuracy in predicting the outcome of Covid-19 patients, where sensitivity was 71.3% and specificity was 73.4% at a cut-off value of 277.32mOsm/L. The repeat plasma osmolarity value of ≥277.32 had a PPV value of 75%, while plasma osmolarity <277.32 had an NPV value of 69.3%. The OR value was 6.77, meaning that Covid-19 patients with repeated plasma osmolarity levels ≥277.32 would have 6.77 times the risk of mortality compared to Covid-19 patients with repeated plasma osmolarity levels <277.32.
Correlation between the Degree of Psychological Stress with Pain Intensity in Tension-Type Headache Patients Pambudi, Pagan; Sidabutar, Oktaviana
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.01.2

Abstract

Tension-Type Headache (TTH) is a critical health problem, particularly in Indonesia, with psychological stress being the most recognized contributing factor. The mechanism by which stress contributes to TTH is not fully understood, but stress has been found to increase pain sensitivity in peripheral or central patients with TTH, alongside the influence of biopsychosocial factors in different individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between the degree of psychological stress and pain intensity in patients with TTH at Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin General Hospital. This observational analytic study was carried out using a cross-sectional approach and the 30 samples employed were taken through a systematic random sampling technique. The data was analyzed using Spearman's test. Our result showed that 63.33% of patients had mild stress, while 36.67% were moderate. In the mild stress group, there were 15.79% mild pain, 73.68% moderate pain, and 10.53% severe pain. Meanwhile, in the moderate stress group, 72.73% reported moderate pain, and 27.27% had severe pain. In conclusion, this study indicated there was a correlation between the degree of psychological stress and the intensity of pain in TTH patients, despite not statistically significant (p=0.102 and R=0.304).
Aphrodisiac Activity of Beligo (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.) Seeds of Ethanol Extract in Mice Alim, Nur; Jasmiadi, Jasmiadi; Nadillah, Nadia; Indrawaty Kadir , Ira; Afirah, Nur
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.1

Abstract

Beligo (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), is empirically used by the people of South Sulawesi-Indonesia as an aphrodisiac. Beligo seeds contain alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids, which have the potential to act as aphrodisiacs. The primary objective of this research is to determine the aphrodisiac activity of an ethanol extract from beligo seeds in mice.  The procedure entails extraction and aphrodisiac evaluation using introduction, climbing, and coitus test parameters. Aphrodisiac testing was carried out for seven days using 25 mice as experimental animals, divided into five groups. Each group consists of four males and one female. Group I was given Sod. CMC 1% as a negative control; II, III, and IV were given ethanol extracts of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg, 700mg/kg, 1400mg/kg BW, and group V, as a positive control, was given Yohimbine. The results showed that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg BW, 700mg/kg BW, and 1400mg/kg BW had aphrodisiac activity (p=0.0001) compared to Sod. CMC 1% based on data on the amount of introduction and climbing. However, based on data on the number of coitus, it showed that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg BW (p=0.072) had no aphrodisiac activity, 700mg/kg BW (p=0.007), 1400mg/kg BW (p=0.0001) had aphrodisiac activity compared to Na-CMC 1% and only a dose of 1400 mg/kg BW had the same aphrodisiac activity compared with Yohimbine (p=0.967). It is concluded that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds had aphrodisiac activity.
Modification of qSOFA Increases Mortality Prediction Accuracy in Sepsis Patients Gunawan, Erik Jaya; Siahaan, Salmon Charles Pardoman Tua; Idarto, Areta; Pribadi, Florence; Handayani, Lidya
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.01.3

Abstract

The Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) is a simple parameter, however, its sensitivity as a mortality predictor is low. This study aimed to improve the predictor performance of qSOFA for in-hospital mortality. This study was a retrospective single-centered cohort using medical record data. This study included 150 patients aged 18-80 years old, who experienced sepsis and received ICU care between September 2021 and August 2022. qSOFA and modified ROX index (mROX) were calculated based on the most severe condition recorded in the emergency department (ED). Each variable's area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, sensitivity, and specificity were compared to predict in-hospital mortality. qSOFA scores ≥2 and mROX values ≤3.20 were independent factors that increased the risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 3.69 and 21.50; p 0.004 and 0.005, respectively). The combination of qSOFA scores ≥2 and mROX value ≤3.20 as in-hospital mortality predictors resulted in AUROC 0.791 with a sensitivity of 71.7% and specificity of 75.7%. The AUROC, sensitivity, and specificity of the combination of qSOFA and mROX were higher than qSOFA (0.766, 70.8%, 70.3%) or mROX (0.760, 68.1%, 67.6%) alone. In conclusion, the combination of qSOFA scores ≥2 and mROX values ≤3.20 increase the sensitivity and specificity for predicting in-hospital mortality in sepsis patients.

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