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Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 02169347     EISSN : 23380772     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
JKB contains articles from research that focus on basic medicine, clinical medicine, epidemiology, and preventive medicine (social medicine).
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 822 Documents
 76   77   78   79   80 
The Effectiveness of Elevated-Intensity Interval Exercise compared to Moderate-Intensity Constant Exercise in Increasing Muscle Mass among Obese Women Candrawati, Susiana; Ilham, Khoerul; Fatchurohmah, Wiwiek
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2025.033.04.3

Abstract

Obesity is associated with muscle function impairments and can progress to functional domain disorders including strength, mobility, and postural balance deficits. Exercise helps with weight management and enhances mass of muscle. Two physical exercise programs available are Elevated-Intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Constant Exercise. Choosing the right type of physical exercise for increasing muscle mass is very important for people with obesity. This study aimed to determine muscle mass changes following physical exercise intervention and compare muscle mass increases in obese women between interval versus constant exercise. The research design was a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with 30 subjects divided into two groups (15 per group) using purposive sampling. Each participant performed cycling-based physical activity using a cycle ergometer for 12 weeks, three times weekly. Muscle mass was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using T-test. Paired T-test results showed significant muscle mass increases in both intervention models (p=0.000). Elevated-intensity interval exercise increased muscle mass by 1.2 ± 0.75, while moderate-intensity constant exercise increased it by 0.98 ± 0.54. Unpaired T-test revealed no significant difference between the two groups' mean muscle mass changes (p=0.341). Both moderate-intensity constant exercise and elevated-intensity interval exercise effectively increase muscle mass in obese women, with both training modalities having equal effectiveness in increasing muscle mass.
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Pediatric Tuberculosis Clinical, Radiological, and Laboratory Outcomes Khairiyadi, Khairiyadi; Hadi Putra, Nataniel; Marhaeni, Wulandewi; Himawan, Indra Widjaja; Panghiyangani, Roselina
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2025.033.04.4

Abstract

Tuberculosis is a systemic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pediatric tuberculosis patients often have reduced immunity due to malnutrition. Vitamin D supplementation improves host cell antimicrobial immune response, improving clinical outcomes. A study in Iran found that intramuscular cholecalciferol administration improved tuberculosis patients' outcomes, including weight gain and arm circumference when administered alongside tuberculosis therapy for 6 or 9 months. This study focuses on oral cholecalciferol for pediatric tuberculosis patients, analyzing its effects on clinical improvement, radiological features, laboratory findings, and its impact on weight gain, height, and vitamin D levels. The chi-square test was used to analyze the effect of vitamin D on the improvement of fever (p=0.638), cough (p=1.00), nutritional status (p=0.388), radiological features (p=0.510), decrease in leukocytes (p=1.00), lymphocytes (p=0.262), monocytes (p=0.575), and increase in vitamin D levels (p=0.149). The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the effect of vitamin D on the average increase in weight gain (p=0.392), height (p=0.044), vitamin D levels (p=0.770), and the average decrease in leukocytes (p=0.260), lymphocytes (p=0.055), and monocytes (p=0.687). The confidence level is 95%. Most clinical, radiographic, and laboratory outcomes in pediatric TB patients did not significantly change when vitamin D therapy was used. However, it markedly increased the patients' development, indicating possible advantages for these individuals.
The Effect of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (ATT) Routine on Blood Profiles and Nutritional Status of Children at Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin Khairiyadi, Khairiyadi; Sitompul, Putriana Br.; Putra, Nataniel Hadi; Panghiyangani, Roselina
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2025.033.04.5

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the rod-shaped bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. TB). TB primarily affects the lung parenchyma (pulmonary TB), but the bacterium can also infect other organs, leading to extrapulmonary TB. Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (ATT) are a crucial component of TB treatment. However, the use of ATT is associated with side effects, the most common being anaemia and thrombocytopenia. This study aims to determine the effect of ATT on routine blood profiles and the nutritional status of pediatric patients with pulmonary TB and glandular TB at Ulin Regional Hospital, Banjarmasin. This analytical observational study employed a cross-sectional design. A total of 52 pediatric patients with pulmonary TB and glandular TB at Ulin Regional Hospital, Banjarmasin, were selected using a non-probability total sampling approach. The Wilcoxon test revealed a significant effect of ATT therapy on nutritional status, as indicated by a p-value of 0.000. ATT therapy results in changes in routine blood profiles and significant improvements in the nutritional status of pediatric patients with pulmonary TB and glandular TB. The significant changes in the routine blood profile are haemoglobin level and monocytes level which increased after ATT therapy. The average leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) level decreased significantly after ATT therapy, while Platelet counts remained unchanged.
Lichen Amyloidosis on the Back that improved with Methotrexate Administration: Case Report Dalimunthe, Dina A; Danil, Rezkyana
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2025.033.04.10

Abstract

Lichen amyloidosis comprises a range of disorders characterized by amyloid protein deposits in tissues and organs. Several studies have shown that lichen amyloidosis is a form of localized primary cutaneous amyloidosis, often affecting the anterior legs and arms, but rarely found in the back, making such cases notable. A 75-year-old male presented with pruritic brown-black hyperkeratotic nodules on the back, which had increased over the past year. The patient had a history of psoriasis vulgaris and was being treated with methotrexate, cetirizine, and topical medications. Histopathology with Congo Red staining confirmed lichen amyloidosis, with amyloid deposits in the dermal papillae. Lichen amyloidosis, although typically localized to the lower extremities, may also appear on the back in rare cases. The amyloid deposition in the dermis may result from chronic friction or genetic factors. In addition, methotrexate's role in managing the condition is related to its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. This case indicates the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of lichen amyloidosis. Early histopathological confirmation and tailored treatment, including methotrexate and topical corticosteroids, can aid symptom relief and prevent progression.
Overview of Tuberculosis Knowledge among SMK Telkom Malang Students R Sugiri, Yani Jane; Tantular, Rezki; Binharyanto, Adlan Pratama; Pratiwi, Eka; Muhammad, Iqbal; Asyari, Claudia Herda; Dini, Zata; Primaputri, Cindy Carissa; Lyono, Albert; Susanti, Lia; Delfianto, Dwiroza; Aprilen, Nisa; Suardana, I Made; Murti Dewi, Dian Ayu; Wikamto, Rifka
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2025.033.04.6

Abstract

Tuberculosis has emerged as a major global health challenge. Public knowledge about TB is crucial for its prevention, early detection, and management. Research conducted by the World Health Organization indicates that a good level of knowledge about Tuberculosis among the public can significantly enhance symptom recognition, timely medical care, and reduce the stigma. This study aims to describe the TB knowledge of SMK Telkom Malang students. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was conducted involving 415 students, of whom 336 completed both assessments. TB knowledge was measured using a 10-item validated questionnaire and categorised as good, sufficient, or poor. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis. They were then given health education about TB, after receiving health education about TB, 69 students did not consent to continue the study or complete the posttest and were therefore excluded, leaving 336 students as sample. Pretest demonstrated 225 students (67%) with good knowledge, 93 students (27,7%) with sufficient knowledge, and 18 students (5,3%) with poor knowledge, the overall median was 80, while posttest analysis revealed 264 students (78.6%) with good knowledge, 66 students (19.6%) with sufficient knowledge, and 6 students (1,8%) with poor knowledge, the overall median was 90 . The scores were compared using the Wilcoxon test with significantly improved score with a p-value of <0.001. In conclusion, health education significantly improved TB knowledge among students. Continued efforts to integrate TB education in schools are recommended to support TB control strategies.
Small Creature, High Pressure: Compartment Syndrome as an Unusual Complication of Dengue Virus Infection: A Case Series Ayu Islami, Sonia; Suseno Bayuadi, Imam Suseno; Sukresno, Bayu; Bondan, Bondan; Ashmi Puspitasari, Ika; Ika Faramita, Nanditya; Kusuma Anjelin, Isabella
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2025.033.04.12

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a severe form of dengue infection characterized by plasma leakage, hemorrhagic manifestations, and organ involvement. Compartment syndrome, although rare in DHF, presents a significant challenge due to its limb-threatening nature and the delicate balance required in fluid management. We report two cases of DHF complicated by compartment syndrome occurring within a month in a single hospital. The first case involves a 41-year-old male referred with a 5-day history of fluctuating fever, who subsequently developed severe right leg pain and swelling. Despite initial management with IV fluids, antiemetics, and gastroprotective agents, the patient’s condition worsened, leading to the diagnosis of compartment syndrome. Emergency fasciotomy revealed significant muscle necrosis and bleeding. Despite aggressive resuscitation, the patient progressed to refractory shock and passed away. The second case followed a similar clinical course, highlighting the rapid progression from stable DHF to severe complications and the critical role of prompt surgical intervention. These cases illustrate the severe complications associated with DHF, particularly when complicated by conditions like compartment syndrome. Early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial. Managing such cases involves navigating the delicate balance of fluid resuscitation to prevent shock while avoiding worsening compartment pressures. DHF with compartment syndrome requires vigilant monitoring, early surgical intervention, and coordinated care among specialties. These cases highlight the necessity for further research into the interaction between DHF and compartment syndrome to guide more effective management strategies.
Antifungal Drug Resistance Profile in Candida sp. as a Cause of Oral Candidiasis: A Scoping Review Anastasia, Mutiara; Mauli Warma Dewi, Intan; Yunivita, Vycke
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2025.033.04.7

Abstract

Candida sp. is renowned for causing oral candidiasis. The prevalence of this disease is around 20-25% and the prevalence can increase in patients with systemic factors (40.2,%). Meanwhile, resistance to antifungal drugs can worsen the prognosis, especially in patients who have systemic risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the resistance profile of Candida sp. as a cause of oral candidiasis. The scoping review method was used based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyse Extensions for Scoping Reviews. Data were collected through the Pubmed, Springer Open, and Google Scholar databases. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 18 articles were analyzed. The results showed that antifungal drug resistance test profile depended on the species of Candida and the status of comorbid disease. Based on species, antifungal drug resistance was higher in non-Candida albicans than in Candida albicans. In the comorbid group, Candida sp. resistance to antifungal drugs was higher in the azole group. Meanwhile, in the group without comorbidities, antifungal drug resistance in groups with comorbidities is higher in flucytosine, econazole, and ketoconazole groups than in nystatin, caspofungin, and miconazole. This suggest that the use of nystatin is still effective for treating oral candidiasis. Healthcare provider may need consider prescribing nystatin, especially for patients with systemic risk factors.
A Case of  HIV and Disseminated Tuberculosis: Unrecognized Co-Infection and the Importance of Early Diagnosis Rosandy, Milanitalia Gadys; Fadli, M Luqman; Nurdiana, Farah; Kamal Hadi, Muchamad
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2025.033.04.9

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is still the main cause of death in people living with HIV (PLHIV). TB preventive therapy (TPT) and ARVs can reduce morbidity, mortality, and incidence of TB in PLHIV. With the severity of the immunodeficiency, extrapulmonary TB or disseminated TB occurs more often. Disseminated TB occurs due to the hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which occurs as a result of progressive primary infection or reactivation of latent TB infection. Disseminated TB can involve many organs such as the lungs, liver, and spleen. Delays in diagnosis often occur due to non-specific clinical manifestations; thus, the diagnosis needs to be supported by radiological and microbiological examination, as well as definite histopathological diagnosis. Treatment is given according to existing therapy guidelines with a more extensive duration and regard to the patient's clinical condition.
Retrograde Intubation as an Alternative Approach to Failed Video-Assisted and Fiber Optic Laryngoscope in Patient with Predicted Difficult Intubation: Case Report Dananjaya, Vigyan; Suparno Adi Santika; Robeth Ardyansyah, Rizky; Salma Auliya Syahida
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2025.033.04.11

Abstract

Difficult intubation is a challenge for an Anesthesiologist. Expertise in effective airway management which includes initial assessment to follow-up care. In this article we reported a 58-year-old male with a history of tracheostomy, craniotomy, and Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) placement on the maxilla dextra, who will undergo a cranioplasty procedure under general anaesthesia. On physical examination, a mallampati class IV assessment was obtained, the distance between incisors < 3 fingers. The pre-anesthesia assessment an American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) II with LEMON score of 4. The intraoperative process used intravenous induction with fentanyl 150 mg, midazolam 5 mg, Propofol 150 mg, and Rocuronium 50 mg. Two airway management scenarios in this patient failed, which were video-assisted laryngoscopy and fibre optic laryngoscopy, therefore a third scenario was performed using retrograde intubation technique. Retrograde intubation is an effective alternative in patients with intubation difficulties.
Correlation between Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter, Rotterdam Computed Tomography Score, and Glasgow Coma Scale in Head Injury Febrina, Debora; Lubis, Netty Delvrita; Arsyad, Abdurrahman Mousa
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2025.033.04.2

Abstract

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is one of the fatal events resulting from head injury. The gold standard for diagnosing elevated ICP, external ventricular drainage (EVD), is highly invasive, unavailable in the initial assessment, and contraindicated in some patients. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has recently emerged as a non-invasive alternative for ICP monitoring. The Rotterdam CT Score (RCTS) assesses basal cisterns, midline shift, epidural mass lesion, and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and/or traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) on head CT scan. High RCTS is associated with higher mortality. Clinically, it can be assessed from level of consciousness with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). This cross-sectional study aims to analyze the correlation between ONSD, RCTS, and GCS in head injury patients who underwent non-contrast head CT scans at the Radiology Department of Adam Malik Hospital, Medan from May 1, 2022, to April 30, 2023. ONSD and RCTS on initial CT scan were measured by two examiners, and GCS scores were obtained from the medical record. From 42 patients, the mean ONSD was 6.26±0.80mm, the median RCTS was 3 (range: 1 to 6), and the median GCS was 14 (range: 3 to 15). There is a significant strong positive correlation between ONSD and RCTS (r=0.747) and a moderate negative correlation between ONSD and GCS (r=-0.476), with p<0.05. The larger the ONSD on the initial head CT scan, the higher the Rotterdam CT score and the lower the GCS score.

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