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Arifuddin, Muhammad
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Green Extraction of Kleinhovia hospita Saponins: Superiority of Microwave Irradiation over Maceration and the Critical Role of Solvent Polarity Hikmawan, Baso Didik; Khotimah, Khusnul; Permana, Mutia Ramadhani Rose; Ahmad, Islamudin; Febrina, Lizma; Arifuddin, Muhammad; Ibrahim, Arsyik; Salam, Supriatno
Indonesian Journal of Biological Pharmacy Vol 5, No 3 (2025): IJBP (Desember)
Publisher : Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijbp.v5i3.69627

Abstract

Kleinhovia hospita is a hepatoprotective plant rich in bioactive saponins, yet conventional extraction methods remain inefficient. This study aimed to optimize saponin recovery by comparing Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) against conventional maceration and assessing the effect of solvent polarity. Saponins were extracted using MAE (15 minutes) and maceration (72 h) with various ethanol concentrations ranging from 0 to 96%. Total Saponin Content (TSC) was quantified colorimetrically using the vanillin-sulfuric acid method. MAE significantly outperformed maceration, attaining a two-fold increase in saponin purity (106.67 and 52.92 mg Diosgenin Equivalent (DE)/g extract, respectively) in a fraction of the time. Solvent analysis revealed a trade-off: whereas 96% ethanol yielded the highest specific purity (133.89 mg DE/g), it resulted in low mass recovery. In contrast, 50% ethanol extracted the highest Total Saponin Yield (TSY) (18.84 mg/g powder), effectively balancing matrix swelling with solubility. MAE utilizing 50% ethanol is identified as the optimal, rapid, and green strategy for the industrial production of standardized K. hospita extracts.
Co-Authors Abdul Salam M, Abdul Salam Aditya Warman Amanda, Rezti Andi Ichsan Mahardika Azhari, Andy Baso Didik Hikmawan Bone, Mahfuzun Christyanto, Frederikus Denny Dwikoranto Eko Susilowati Erwin Samsul Fadillah, Muhammad Rashyid Fatmawati Fatmawati Febrina, Lizma Halfiani, Waode Hany, Ameiy Ray Hariantini, Zulfiana Helza, Zenobia Zalfanda Herman Herman Ibrahim, Arsyik Islamudin Ahmad Islamudin Ahmad Joko Siswanto Juhroh, Siti Junaidin, Junaidin khusnul khotimah Laode Rijai Lazuardi, Nana Sophia Lizma Febrina Mastuang Mastuang Mastuang Misbah Misbah Moch. Fakhri, Moch. Munawaroh, Devi Nasruddin Permana, Mutia Ramadhani Rose Rija'i, Hifdzur Rashif Rijai, Hifdzur Rashif Riki RIKI RIKI, RIKI Risda, Gusti Rolan Rusli Rusman, Arman Rusmawati, Ida Salam, Supriatno Sarah Miriam, Sarah Saukani, Muhammad Shofiana, Salva Sri Hartutik Suhufan, Mohammad Abdi Suriadi Suyidno Suyidno Syifa, Linda Nur TITIN SUNARTI Wijaya, Pongky Arie Zainuddin, Zainuddin Zubaidah