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VECM Analysis on the Short-Term and Long-Term Relationship between Southeast Asian Military Spending and Indonesian Economic Growth Muhamad Samingan; Risman, Helda; Murtiana, Sri; Suwito; Yanto, Sri
Jurnal Internasional Bisnis, Humaniora, Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial Vol 6 No 2 (2024): International Journal of Business, Humanities, Education and Social Sciences
Publisher : Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46923/ijbhes.v6i2.450

This study examines the relationship between military spending in Southeast Asia and Indonesia’s economic growth from 1990 to 2023, addressing the impact of defense expenditures on regional economic dynamics. The primary aim is to analyze how military spending, influenced by geopolitical and modernization factors, interacts with Indonesia’s economic performance, and to identify the long-term and short-term effects of this relationship. To achieve this, the study utilizes the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), employing data from SIPRI and the World Bank, and applying statistical techniques such as stationarity tests, cointegration analysis, Granger causality, and impulse response functions. The results reveal a significant long-term equilibrium relationship where Indonesia’s economic growth influences regional military spending, but not vice versa. Specifically, the analysis shows that while economic growth in Indonesia reduces ASEAN military expenditures over the long term, short-term dynamics highlight a notable impact of economic changes on defense budgets. Variance decomposition indicates that Indonesia’s economic growth increasingly drives variations in Southeast Asian military spending, with limited reciprocal effects. Based on these findings, the study recommends aligning military modernization with sustainable economic objectives through sound fiscal management, strategic technological investments, and strengthened regional cooperation. The research suggests that balancing national security concerns with economic development is crucial for optimal resource allocation. Future studies should further investigate how technological advancements and non-traditional security challenges influence the relationship between military spending and economic growth in the region.

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PENTAHELIX DALAM MENJAWAB TANTANGAN TRANSISI ENERGI NASIONAL MENUJU NET ZERO EMISSION (NZE) 2060 Ahmad Syauqi, Auliya; Sidik Boedoyo, Mohamad; Risman, Helda
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 12, No 2 (2025): NUSANTARA : JURNAL ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v12i2.2025.595-606

Transisi energi menuju Net Zero Emission (NZE) pada tahun 2060 merupakan salah satu tantangan besar yang dihadapi oleh Indonesia dalam rangka mencapai keberlanjutan energi dan mengurangi dampak perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi implementasi model pentahelix sebagai pendekatan kolaboratif yang melibatkan lima aktor utama, yaitu pemerintah, akademisi, industri, komunitas, dan media, untuk mengatasi berbagai hambatan yang muncul dalam proses transisi energi nasional. Model pentahelix menekankan pentingnya kolaborasi multisektoral dalam menghadapi tantangan kompleks yang bersifat teknologi, regulasi, ekonomi, dan sosial. Melalui studi literatur dan analisis kualitatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa keberhasilan implementasi model pentahelix sangat bergantung pada penguatan kerangka kebijakan yang adaptif, inovasi teknologi yang berkelanjutan, serta partisipasi aktif dari seluruh pemangku kepentingan, termasuk masyarakat umum. Selain itu, dukungan media dalam menyebarluaskan informasi dan meningkatkan kesadaran publik mengenai manfaat dan urgensi transisi energi menjadi faktor penting dalam menciptakan ekosistem yang kondusif untuk perubahan. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan aktif komunitas lokal dan dunia usaha dalam pengembangan solusi energi terbarukan dapat mempercepat tercapainya target NZE. Implementasi model pentahelix menawarkan pendekatan komprehensif yang dapat berfungsi sebagai katalisator untuk mendorong perubahan sistemik dan memperkuat ketahanan energi nasional. Dengan demikian, model ini memberikan arah strategis bagi Indonesia dalam mewujudkan visi transisi energi yang berkelanjutan menuju tahun 2060, sekaligus menjawab tantangan global terkait perubahan iklim.

Lack Of Synergy Between Government and Society During the Covid-19 Pandemic Gunawan, Asep; D.A.R, Deni; Priyanto, Priyanto; Risman, Helda
Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/jmi.v1i5.136

This article discusses the government's and society's unpreparedness in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. To overcome various limitations and challenges in handling the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, it is necessary to realize cooperation by mobilizing all national resources and potential. The synergy between governments is also needed so that there are no overlapping regulations. The government's strictness in making rules and sanctions greatly influences handling the Covid-19 pandemic. The community is also asked to obey and believe in every policy made. So far, people have tended to ignore existing policies so that the spread of Covid-19 has become more massive and uncontrollable. Cooperation between government and society is needed in the current crisis conditions

PEMIKIRAN STRATEGIS DAN KEPEMIMPINAN: STUDI KASUS KONTRIBUSI PRESIDEN B.J. HABIBIE DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INDONESIA Azwar Amar Ma'ruf; I Wayan Midhio; Helda Risman
JURNAL ELEKTROSISTA Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023): DESEMBER 2023
Publisher : PPM Sdirjianbang Akademi Militer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63824/jtep.v11i1.148

Penelitian ini mengkaji pemikiran strategis B.J. Habibie, seorang pemimpin terkemuka Indonesia, dan dampaknya terhadap pembangunan nasional. Pendekatan strategis Habibie terfokus pada pengembangan teknologi, industrialisasi, transisi demokrasi dan kerjasama dengan mitra internasional. Melalui inisiatifnya, Habibie telah menekankan pentingnya kemandirian teknologi, pemerintahan yang inklusif, dan peningkatan kerja sama internasional. Pelajaran pemikiran strategis Habibie menyoroti pentingnya menetapkan visi yang jelas, berinvestasi dalam penelitian dan pendidikan, mempromosikan nilai-nilai demokrasi dan menggunakan jaringan global. Riset ini memberikan wawasan bagi para pemimpin yang ingin mendorong keberlanjutan dan menyelesaikan tantangan kompleks dalam konteks global.

Educating Bela Negara as Strengthening Element in Indonesiaâ€™s Strategy of Main Island Defense Implementation Risman, Helda; Andayani, Lily; Timur, F. G. Cempaka; Akmalina, Aulia
International Journal of Demos (IJD) Volume 7 Issue 1 (2025)
Publisher : HK-Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37950/ijd.v7i1.530

Abstract This study examines how Bela Negara Education improves Indonesia's main islands' asymmetric defensive strategy. Our narrative assessment identifies effective and contextually acceptable state military education programs that match the topography of these important islands. The main islandâ€™s defense plan (P3B) implements the comprehensive defense strategy by designating the main islands as defensive bases from outer to inner mandala. Bela Negara Education is vital to public knowledge and active participation in the defense system. The 3CS Bela Negara Education program has promoted Bela Negara values and attitudes. Bela Negara Education should be based on five values: patriotism, sacrifice, nation-state consciousness, Pancasila as the guiding ideology, and Bela Negara capability development. This schooling should use four learning paths. This study advocates a welfare-first approach before teaching national values and developing stakeholder synergy for Bela Negara Education. Keywords: Asymmetric Threats, Defense Strategy, Main islands, National Sovereignty, Bela Negara Education, Total Defense System

Palestine and Israel War Conflict During COVID-19 Martadinata, Ilham; Gibran, Muhamad Noor; Kaunang, Elfira Sylviani; Hadianto, Muhammad; Risman, Helda
Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): March, 2024
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/mudima.v4i3.8367

The purpose of this study is to determine how international law affects the Israeli-Palestinian conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach used in this research is literature study, which entails gathering pertinent material from books and journals, evaluating it, and drawing conclusions. Concerns regarding the socio-economic circumstances of Palestinians have been highlighted by the fast-spreading COVID-19 epidemic. Overcoming two issues at once is becoming more and more difficult. Considering the harm done to infrastructure for sanitation, hygiene, and water, the Palestinians’ situation is getting better. The COVID-19 virus is being stopped by impeding the flow of essential supplies into the Palestinian state and causing environmental harm, both of which may affect public health. International humanitarian law is in place to prevent these kinds of tragedies, but the Israeli government and military disobey these laws. From an international law standpoint, this research helps understand how the state of Israel behaved toward Palestine during the COVID-19 epidemic. References to a wide range of national and international periodicals and books were used in the preparation of this research. In addition, it makes use of the most recent news about the subjects covered. The findings of this review of the literature indicate that despite an increase in attacks on Palestinian civilians, the situation between Israel and Palestine has not improved

Axiological Review of the Philosophy of Defense Science in Efforts to Improve National Defense Capabilities Martadinata, Ilham; Gibran, Muhamad Noor; Kaunang, Elfira Sylviani; Hadianto, Muhammad; Risman, Helda
Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): March, 2024
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/mudima.v4i3.8368

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how defense science philosophy fits into efforts to strengthen the nation’s fundamental defense capabilities. With the researcher serving as the primary research instrument and a descriptive and explanatory design approach, the research employs a descriptive qualitative methodology. With this method, a literature evaluation of the research that has been done is used to obtain more precise and in-depth information, some of which is gained later on by the researchers. Only by studying the philosophy of defense science using a succinct approach to outline the philosophy of defense science will it be possible to improve national defense capabilities through the application of an in-depth understanding that is critical, systematic, methodological, and fundamental. The emergence of the globalization, science, and technology eras can be advantageous to a nation, but they can also be dangerous for its security and defense. particularly about the state’s necessity to fulfill its national objectives, where security can only be attained via defense. Stated differently, defense is an essential human urge that cannot be suppressed. The fundamental idea behind this acknowledgment is that everyone and every person has a duty and responsibility to take part in defending their nation, which includes working to instill a strong sense of nationalism, patriotism, and fighting spirit in the Indonesian state

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PENTAHELIX DALAM MENJAWAB TANTANGAN TRANSISI ENERGI NASIONAL MENUJU NET ZERO EMISSION (NZE) 2060 Ahmad Syauqi, Auliya; Sidik Boedoyo, Mohamad; Risman, Helda
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 12, No 2 (2025): NUSANTARA : JURNAL ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v12i2.2025.595-606

Transisi energi menuju Net Zero Emission (NZE) pada tahun 2060 merupakan salah satu tantangan besar yang dihadapi oleh Indonesia dalam rangka mencapai keberlanjutan energi dan mengurangi dampak perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi implementasi model pentahelix sebagai pendekatan kolaboratif yang melibatkan lima aktor utama, yaitu pemerintah, akademisi, industri, komunitas, dan media, untuk mengatasi berbagai hambatan yang muncul dalam proses transisi energi nasional. Model pentahelix menekankan pentingnya kolaborasi multisektoral dalam menghadapi tantangan kompleks yang bersifat teknologi, regulasi, ekonomi, dan sosial. Melalui studi literatur dan analisis kualitatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa keberhasilan implementasi model pentahelix sangat bergantung pada penguatan kerangka kebijakan yang adaptif, inovasi teknologi yang berkelanjutan, serta partisipasi aktif dari seluruh pemangku kepentingan, termasuk masyarakat umum. Selain itu, dukungan media dalam menyebarluaskan informasi dan meningkatkan kesadaran publik mengenai manfaat dan urgensi transisi energi menjadi faktor penting dalam menciptakan ekosistem yang kondusif untuk perubahan. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan aktif komunitas lokal dan dunia usaha dalam pengembangan solusi energi terbarukan dapat mempercepat tercapainya target NZE. Implementasi model pentahelix menawarkan pendekatan komprehensif yang dapat berfungsi sebagai katalisator untuk mendorong perubahan sistemik dan memperkuat ketahanan energi nasional. Dengan demikian, model ini memberikan arah strategis bagi Indonesia dalam mewujudkan visi transisi energi yang berkelanjutan menuju tahun 2060, sekaligus menjawab tantangan global terkait perubahan iklim.

Strategi Penanganan Manusia Perahu Rohingya di Aceh Tahun 2009 Ananda, Suci Mulia; Risman, Helda; Suryo, Almuchalif
J-CEKI : Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah Vol. 5 No. 2: Februari 2026
Publisher : CV. ULIL ALBAB CORP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56799/jceki.v5i2.15713

Fenomena manusia perahu Rohingya di Aceh pada tahun 2009 menghadirkan tantangan kemanusiaan dan politik yang kompleks bagi Indonesia, terutama karena ketiadaan kerangka hukum spesifik tentang pengungsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis strategi pemerintah dan militer dalam menangani krisis tersebut dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif studi pustaka, berlandaskan teori kebijakan publik dan hubungan sipil-militer serta mempertimbangkan pendekatan human security. Hasilnya menunjukkan sebuah strategi hibrida dan reaktif yang terbentuk oleh empat elemen kunci. Pertama, respon awal tidak di inisiasi oleh negara, melainkan masyarakat lokal yang menjadi pemicu utama. Kedua, pemerinta pusat mengadopsi kebijakan ad-hoc yang pragmatis berupa penampungan sementara. Ketiga, TNI menjalankan peran ganda sebagai penghubung antara upaya kemanusiaan dan pengamanan wilayah. Keempat, krisis ini mengungkapkan kelemahan institusional yang kemudian menjadi katalisator lahirnya perpres no. 125 tahun 2016. Kesimpulannya, krisis 2009 menjadi pelajaran penting yang membuat indonesia beralih dari penanganan yang bersifat spontan menjadi lebih terencana, dan meletakkan dasar bagi kebijakan pengungsi di masa depan.

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