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Peran Community Resilience di Amerika Serikat dan Inggris dalam Upaya Kontra Terorisme Timur, Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka; Syakirin, Jamaluddin
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 4, No 1 (2018): Januari-Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

AbstrakRadikalisme adalah salah satu akar penyebab utama dari aksi terorisme. Radikalisasi pada kalangan masyarakat umum menjadi ancaman serius bagi stabilitas keamanan nasional. Masyarakat saat ini rentan menjadi sasaran perekrutan kelompok-kelompok radikal, pembentukan jaringan kelompok radikal transnasional, pengarahan tindak kekerasan dan terorisme bahkan melalui radikalisasi diri sendiri. Kurangnya kepedulian dan sistem pengawasan di dalam komunitas masyarakat dianggap juga menjadi katalisator radikalisme. Karena hal itulah, ketahanan komunitas terhadap ancaman terorisme dan radikalisme merupakan aspek penting dalam berhasilnya kontra-radikalisasi di dalam suatu negara. Terlebih jika komunitas yang berada di dalam suatu negara merupakan komunitas yang pluralistik dan memiliki budaya, bahasa, dan agama yang berbeda. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran komunitas dan mengemukakan pentingnya ketahanan dalam komunitas dalam usaha memerangi terorisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagai bagian dari kontra-terorisme, pemerintah harus mengadopsi prinsip, ?adanya strategi lebih baik ada dibanding tidak ada sama sekali? jika terkait dengan kerjasama bersama komunitas. Selain itu pemerintah harus dapat berinvestasi secara tepat untuk membangun pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap terorisme. Selanjutnya pemerintah juga perlu untuk memfokuskan kembali pada tujuan akhir pemberantasan terorisme pada deradikalisasi dan hal ini harus dilakukan terpisah dari sifat aksi hulu yang dilakukan komunitas. Terakhir, komunitas harus dipayungi organisasi besar yang merupakan perpanjangan dari program pemerintah yang mengajak masyarakat untuk fokus pada upaya memperkuat ketahanan dan kapasitas semua lini masyarakat yang dianggap rapuh.Kata kunci: Amerika Serikat, Inggris, Kontra terorisme, Peran komunitas AbstractRadicalism is one of the main root causes of acts of terrorism. Radicalization among the society poses a serious threat to the stability of national security. Communities today are vulnerable to the recruitment of radical groups, the formation of radical networks of transnational radicals, the directing of acts of violence and terrorism even through self-radicalization. Lack of awareness within the community and absence of monitoring system from government are also considered to be a catalyst for radicalism. Because of this, community resilience to the threat of terrorism and radicalism is an important aspect of successful counter-radicalization within a country. Especially if the community within a country is a pluralistic community and has different cultures, languages and religions. This paper aims to analyze the role of the community and highlight the importance of community resilience in the fight against terrorism. The results show that as part of counter-terrorism, the government should adopt the principle, "the existence of suffice strategy is better than nothing at all" particularly when it is related to community resilience. In addition, the government should be able to invest properly to build public knowledge of terrorism. Furthermore, the government also needs to refocus on ultimate goals of eradicating terrorism and deradicalisation and this should be done separately from the nature of the upstream action of the community. Finally, the community must be protected by a larger organization that is an extension of a government program that calls on communities to focus on strengthening the resilience and capacity of all fragile communities.Keywords: Community Resilience, Counterterrorism, United Kingdom, United States

Fronting the Return of Foreign Terrorist Fighters: the Rise and Fall of ASEAN Border Cooperation to Combat Non-Traditional Threats Suryadi, Muhammad; Timur, Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol 7, No 1 (2018): April
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/hi.71126

This paper argues that bilateral arrangements among ASEAN countries are no longer enough to address the convergence of non-traditional threats, primarily due to porous borders in Southeast Asia region. Hence, fighting terrorism by securing maritime border through ASEAN border cooperation is seen as a useful measure to respond the issue. This paper aims to observe non-traditional threat posed from the maritime boundary, specifically from Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines border which each of the government has agreed on Defense and Security Agreement Framework in the past few years. The FTF returnees and the existential threat of terrorism in each ASEAN countries have eventually carried a new agenda for ASEAN countries in securing the border. This paper then analyses the result of the Trilateral Meeting that depicts the commitment of these countries in tackling FTF as the growing security challenges in the region. This paper also considers the effectiveness of the Trilateral Agreement in combating non-traditional threats including terrorism.

SYNERGY OF MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS IN DEFENDING INDONESIA FROM CYBER THREATS Rizki, Aththaariq; Timur, Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka
Journal of Social Political Sciences Vol 2 No 4 (2021): November 2021
Publisher : Universitas Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52166/jsps.v2i4.80

This paper argues that currently the threat of cyber-attacks has become a real threat that has the potential to develop in Indonesia. With the presence of these cyber-attacks, the government must take advantage of the synergy between state multi-stake holders to jointly face cyber threats that come to attack Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to answer the existing problem formulations, namely first to find out which state multi-stake holders are in synergy in defending cyber-attacks in Indonesia; and to analyze how the synergy of state multi-stake holders in dealing with cyber-attacks in Indonesia. The writing of this article was conducted using a qualitative method with a literature review approach that focuses on the synergy between state multi-stake holders in dealing with cyber-attacks in Indonesia. The theory used is the concept of synergy, state multi-stake holders, and the threat of cyber-attacks as a literature review. In this paper, the results show that the synergy concept consists of coordination; and communication, which is used by state multi-stake holders to face the threat of cyber-attacks. So that it can be concluded from this writing that state multi-stake holders who work together in defending cyber threats are: BSSN, Kominfo, Puskom Kemhan, Pusinfolahta TNI Headquarters, and Dittipidsiber Polri. In addition, the synergy of state multi-stake holders in dealing with cyber-attacks in Indonesia is carried out by applying the synergy aspect, namely coordination and communication, which is led by BSSN as the leading sector in the cyber defense sector

Fronting the Return of Foreign Terrorist Fighters: the Rise and Fall of ASEAN Border Cooperation to Combat Non-Traditional Threats Muhammad Suryadi; Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka Timur
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/hi.71126

This paper argues that bilateral arrangements among ASEAN countries are no longer enough to address the convergence of non-traditional threats, primarily due to porous borders in Southeast Asia region. Hence, fighting terrorism by securing maritime border through ASEAN border cooperation is seen as a useful measure to respond the issue. This paper aims to observe non-traditional threat posed from the maritime boundary, specifically from Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines border which each of the government has agreed on Defense and Security Agreement Framework in the past few years. The FTF returnees and the existential threat of terrorism in each ASEAN countries have eventually carried a new agenda for ASEAN countries in securing the border. This paper then analyses the result of the Trilateral Meeting that depicts the commitment of these countries in tackling FTF as the growing security challenges in the region. This paper also considers the effectiveness of the Trilateral Agreement in combating non-traditional threats including terrorism.

PENGAJARAN NILAI BELA NEGARA MELALUI PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN SEBAGAI UPAYA CEGAH DINI TERHADAP RADIKALISME Surryanto Waluyo; Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka Timur; Ningsih Susilawati
Bhineka Tunggal Ika: Kajian Teori dan Praktik Pendidikan PKn Vol 8, No 1 (2021): Bhinneka Tunggal Ika: Kajian Teori & Praktik Pendidikan PKn
Publisher : Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36706/jbti.v8i1.12125

ABSTRAKAncaman radikalisme dan terorisme hingga saat ini masih berkembang di Indonesia. Kelompok yang rentan dari pergerakan gerakan radikal ini adalah pelajar sekolah menengah atas, civitas akademika kampus, serta masyarakat umum secara terbatas. Hal ini tentu saja menjadi ancaman serius bagi negara, karena dapat mengancam keamanannasional dan masyarakatnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilalukan pencegahan dini terhadap radikalisme yang dapat berujung pada aksi terorisme. Tindakan pencegahan ini dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai upaya seperti meningkatkanketahanan masyarakat. Dalam menjawab persoalan di atas, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analitis deskriptif, sehingga penelitian ini mendeskripsikan mengenai fenomena gerakan radikal dan aksi terorisme di Indonesua dan menganalisis upaya pencegahan dini yang dapat dilakukan oleh Pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua pola penyebaran radikalisme di Indonesia, yaitu melalui Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) tertentu dan pembentukan kelompok-kelompok kajian. mengingat rentanya masyarakat khususnya kaum pelajar akan ancaman radikalisme ini, maka upaya pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan pemahaman bela negara melalui mata pelajaran Pendidikan dan Kewarganegaraan. Dalam pelajaran ini, siswa / mahasiswa diberikan pemahaman mengenai nilai-nilai dasar bela negara, sehingga ancaman dari paham-paham radikalisme terhadap masyarakat dapat dicegah secara dini.Kata kunci: Radikalisme, Terorisme, Bela Negara, Perguruan Tinggi, dan Keamanan Nasional ABSTRACTAbstract:The threat of radicalism and terrorism is still on developing phase in Indonesia. Groups that are vulnerable to this radical movement are high school students, the campus academic community, and society in a limited manner. This is a serious threat to the state because it can threaten national security and the society. Therefore, it is necessary to do early prevention against radicalism which can lead to acts of terrorism. This preventive action can be done through various efforts such as increasing community resilience. In answering the problems above, this study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Furthermore, this research will describe the phenomenon of radical movements and acts of terrorism in Indonesia and analyzes early prevention efforts that can be carried out by the Government. The results showed that there were two patterns of the spread of radicalism in Indonesia, first, through non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the formation of study groups. Furthermore, preventive action could be carried out by providing an understanding of state defense through Civic Education. In this lesson, the students are given an understanding of the basic values of state defense, so radicalism threat can be prevented early.Keywords: Radicalism, Terrorism, State Defense, Higher Education, and National Security

STRATEGI PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM MENANGANI WABAH COVID-19 DARI PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI Saleha Mufida; F.G. Cempaka Timur; Surryanto Djoko Waluyo
Independen Vol 1, No 2 (2020): INDEPENDEN: Jurnal Politik Indonesia dan Global
Publisher : Independen

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang terdampak covid-19 bahkan menyumbang 7,8 persen angka kematian dan termasuk salah satu yang tertinggi di dunia. Di tengah angka kasus yang terus meningkat, Indonesia justru menerima 49 tenaga kerja asing dari China. Kebijakan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Indonesia tidak dapat mengabaikan aspek ekonomi dalam masa pandemi Covid-19. Penulis menganggap penting untuk mengkaji strategi pemerintah Indonesia dalam menangani wabah Covid-19 dari perspektif ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan masukan bagi Pemerintah Indonesia dalam mengambil kebijakan penannganan Covid-19 dari perspektif ekonomi. Analisis data dalam penelitian kualitatif dilakukan secara induktif yaitu dari umum ke khusus. Data penelitian diperoleh dari studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis Miles Hubermann, yaitu koleksi data, kondensasi, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemerintah perlu mengeluarkan kebijakan dari aspek ekonomi yang dapat menyelamatkan kehidupan masyarakat selama pandemi Covid-19, diantaranya mengeluarkan paket ekonomi yang dapat langsung dirasakan oleh masyarakat seperti bantuan langsung tunai (BLT), menurunkan biaya listrik dan BBM, memberikan pemeriksaan gratis, ketimbang membesarkan nilai manfaat kartu prakerja dan kartu penerima sembako bagi program keluarga harapan, serta memberikan insentif bagi tenaga medis.

Peran Community Resilience di Amerika Serikat dan Inggris dalam Upaya Kontra Terorisme Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka Timur; Jamaluddin Syakirin
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol. 4 No. 1 (2018): Januari-Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/sospol.v4i1.4833

AbstrakRadikalisme adalah salah satu akar penyebab utama dari aksi terorisme. Radikalisasi pada kalangan masyarakat umum menjadi ancaman serius bagi stabilitas keamanan nasional. Masyarakat saat ini rentan menjadi sasaran perekrutan kelompok-kelompok radikal, pembentukan jaringan kelompok radikal transnasional, pengarahan tindak kekerasan dan terorisme bahkan melalui radikalisasi diri sendiri. Kurangnya kepedulian dan sistem pengawasan di dalam komunitas masyarakat dianggap juga menjadi katalisator radikalisme. Karena hal itulah, ketahanan komunitas terhadap ancaman terorisme dan radikalisme merupakan aspek penting dalam berhasilnya kontra-radikalisasi di dalam suatu negara. Terlebih jika komunitas yang berada di dalam suatu negara merupakan komunitas yang pluralistik dan memiliki budaya, bahasa, dan agama yang berbeda. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran komunitas dan mengemukakan pentingnya ketahanan dalam komunitas dalam usaha memerangi terorisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagai bagian dari kontra-terorisme, pemerintah harus mengadopsi prinsip, “adanya strategi lebih baik ada dibanding tidak ada sama sekali” jika terkait dengan kerjasama bersama komunitas. Selain itu pemerintah harus dapat berinvestasi secara tepat untuk membangun pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap terorisme. Selanjutnya pemerintah juga perlu untuk memfokuskan kembali pada tujuan akhir pemberantasan terorisme pada deradikalisasi dan hal ini harus dilakukan terpisah dari sifat aksi hulu yang dilakukan komunitas. Terakhir, komunitas harus dipayungi organisasi besar yang merupakan perpanjangan dari program pemerintah yang mengajak masyarakat untuk fokus pada upaya memperkuat ketahanan dan kapasitas semua lini masyarakat yang dianggap rapuh.Kata kunci: Amerika Serikat, Inggris, Kontra terorisme, Peran komunitas AbstractRadicalism is one of the main root causes of acts of terrorism. Radicalization among the society poses a serious threat to the stability of national security. Communities today are vulnerable to the recruitment of radical groups, the formation of radical networks of transnational radicals, the directing of acts of violence and terrorism even through self-radicalization. Lack of awareness within the community and absence of monitoring system from government are also considered to be a catalyst for radicalism. Because of this, community resilience to the threat of terrorism and radicalism is an important aspect of successful counter-radicalization within a country. Especially if the community within a country is a pluralistic community and has different cultures, languages and religions. This paper aims to analyze the role of the community and highlight the importance of community resilience in the fight against terrorism. The results show that as part of counter-terrorism, the government should adopt the principle, "the existence of suffice strategy is better than nothing at all" particularly when it is related to community resilience. In addition, the government should be able to invest properly to build public knowledge of terrorism. Furthermore, the government also needs to refocus on ultimate goals of eradicating terrorism and deradicalisation and this should be done separately from the nature of the upstream action of the community. Finally, the community must be protected by a larger organization that is an extension of a government program that calls on communities to focus on strengthening the resilience and capacity of all fragile communities.Keywords: Community Resilience, Counterterrorism, United Kingdom, United States

Contemporary Warfare and Political Jurisprudence (Fiqh Siyasah): An Analysis of Asymmetric Warfare in Military-Political Doctrine (Siyasah Harbiyyah) Timur, Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka; Umam, Khoirul; Aulia, M. Rezza Nuril
Hikmatuna : Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies Vol 10 No 1 (2024): Hikmatuna: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies, June 2024
Publisher : UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28918/hikmatuna.v10i1.7059

Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) as a Legal Framework seeks to guide the dynamics of human life comprehensively, including fiqh siyasah (political jurisprudence). In warfare contexts, fiqh siyasah encompasses the practice of war (siyasah harbiyyah). However, with the evolution of warfare, questions arise about the relevance of jurisprudence to contemporary phenomena such as asymmetric warfare. By exploring Islamic sources in fiqh, particularly siyasah harbiyyah, and sources discussing new warfare forms, this paper outlines Islamic principles of warfare in analyzing asymmetric warfare. This research uses a qualitative design to examine the relationship between contemporary warfare and Fiqh Siyasah (Islamic political jurisprudence) in asymmetric warfare contexts. The data includes primary sources like classical and modern Islamic legal texts, fatwas, and religious edicts, along with secondary sources such as academic articles, books, and reports on recent asymmetric conflicts. Additionally, semi-structured interviews with Islamic legal scholars, political scientists, and defense strategists provided expert insights. Analytical methods include thematic analysis to identify key themes, content analysis to detect patterns and contradictions, and triangulation to ensure data reliability. The findings conclude that siyasah harbiyyah within fiqh cannot address the challenges of asymmetric warfare linearly, as it involves both state and non-state actors, lacks significant military involvement, and includes different war stages. This form of warfare does not always conform to international war conventions. However, the framework of fiqh principles, particularly qawaid fiqhiyyah (juridical rules), can respond to these new warfare forms. Relevant principles include views on war motivations, consequences caused by state and non-state actors, and defensive, offensive, and active defensive principles according to Islamic jurisprudence. Therefore, fiqh siyasah, especially siyasah harbiyyah, needs to accommodate responses to contemporary warfare forms in the future.

KESIAPAN PRAJURIT ZENI TNI-AD DALAM MENGHADAPI ANCAMAN NUBIKA DI INDONESIA: STUDI KASUS KOMPI ZENI NUBIKA PADA ERA COVID 19 Agni, Wanti; Gustarina Cempaka Timur, Fauzia; Priyanto, Priyanto
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 11, No 4 (2024): NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v11i4.2024.1722-1727

Ancaman yang berasal dari senjata pemusnah masal yang terdiri dari Nuklir, Biologi dan Kimia (NUBIKA) saat ini semakin meningkat, termasuk pada era pandemi Covid-19. Di TNI terutama di Matra Darat, TNI AD mempunyai Prajurit Zeni, khususnya Kompi Zeni Nubika, yang memiliki peran penting dalam penanggulangan ancaman Nubika tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesiapan Prajurit Zeni dalam menghadapi ancaman Nubika di Indonesia. Studi kasus dilakukan pada Kompi Zeni Nubika pada era Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi Pustaka. Pengumpulan data melalui literatur view di perpustakaan, dari jurnal terdahulu dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan Prajurit Zeni Nubika dalam menghadapi ancaman Nubika di Indonesia masih perlu ditingkatkan.

Contemporary Warfare and Political Jurisprudence (Fiqh Siyasah): An Analysis of Asymmetric Warfare in Military-Political Doctrine (Siyasah Harbiyyah) Timur, Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka; Umam, Khoirul; Aulia, M. Rezza Nuril
Hikmatuna : Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies Vol 10 No 1 (2024): Hikmatuna: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies, June 2024
Publisher : UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28918/hikmatuna.v10i1.7059

Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) as a Legal Framework seeks to guide the dynamics of human life comprehensively, including fiqh siyasah (political jurisprudence). In warfare contexts, fiqh siyasah encompasses the practice of war (siyasah harbiyyah). However, with the evolution of warfare, questions arise about the relevance of jurisprudence to contemporary phenomena such as asymmetric warfare. By exploring Islamic sources in fiqh, particularly siyasah harbiyyah, and sources discussing new warfare forms, this paper outlines Islamic principles of warfare in analyzing asymmetric warfare. This research uses a qualitative design to examine the relationship between contemporary warfare and Fiqh Siyasah (Islamic political jurisprudence) in asymmetric warfare contexts. The data includes primary sources like classical and modern Islamic legal texts, fatwas, and religious edicts, along with secondary sources such as academic articles, books, and reports on recent asymmetric conflicts. Additionally, semi-structured interviews with Islamic legal scholars, political scientists, and defense strategists provided expert insights. Analytical methods include thematic analysis to identify key themes, content analysis to detect patterns and contradictions, and triangulation to ensure data reliability. The findings conclude that siyasah harbiyyah within fiqh cannot address the challenges of asymmetric warfare linearly, as it involves both state and non-state actors, lacks significant military involvement, and includes different war stages. This form of warfare does not always conform to international war conventions. However, the framework of fiqh principles, particularly qawaid fiqhiyyah (juridical rules), can respond to these new warfare forms. Relevant principles include views on war motivations, consequences caused by state and non-state actors, and defensive, offensive, and active defensive principles according to Islamic jurisprudence. Therefore, fiqh siyasah, especially siyasah harbiyyah, needs to accommodate responses to contemporary warfare forms in the future.

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