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All Journal Majalah Obat Tradisional Ngayah: Majalah Aplikasi IPTEKS Akta Kimia Indonesia Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat (JIPEMAS) Abditani : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento COMSERVA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Usadha Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia
Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma
Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemistry Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Biji dan Buah Bakau (Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig) dengan Metode DPPH dan FRAP Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma; Adrianta, Ketut Agus; Udayani, Ni Nyoman Wahyu; Fridayana, Ni Luh Gede Erica; Mendra, Ni Nyoman Yudianti; Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i1.9426

Abstract

Free radical compounds are molecules that possess reactive and unstable properties, which can damage biomolecules by disrupting the integrity of DNA, proteins and lipids. This condition can trigger oxidative stress, which can result in degenerative diseases. Humans require antioxidant intake from external sources when their own endogenous antioxidants are insufficient to counteract free radicals. Previous studies have demonstrated the high antioxidant activity of mangrove seeds. However, the antioxidant potential of mangrove seed coats and fruits remains underexplored, particularly when assessed using the DPPH and FRAP methods. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of seed coat and fruit extracts of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig using the DPPH and FRAP methods. This research is quantitative research with laboratory experimental approach. Antioxidant activity testing using DPPH and FRAP methods. Gallic acid was used as a comparison standard for antioxidant activity. The results obtained from the antioxidant activity testing of the ethanol extracts of seed shell, fruit and gallic acid were IC50 values of 10.83 mg/mL, 4.91 mg/mL and 0,793 mg/mL (DPPH) and RP50 of 4,455.63 mg/mL, 15,556.32 mg/mL and 34.04 mg/mL (FRAP). It is acknowledged that discrepancies in testing methodologies can influence the antioxidant activity of each extract, contingent on the nature of the free radical, the solvent, steric accessibility, and the pH of the medium.
Uji Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Daun Benalu Jeruk (Dendrophthoe glabrescens (Blakely) Barlow) terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Karagenan Udayani, Ni Nyoman Wahyu; Mahendra, I Putu Aldy; Widiasriani, Ida Ayu Putu; Mahardika, I Made Agus; Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 11 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i2.11434

Abstract

Inflammation is a natural defense mechanism of the body against injury or disease; however, excessive inflammation can lead to various chronic conditions. Prolonged use of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with adverse effects, creating a need for safer natural alternatives. One such candidate is the citrus benalu leaf (Dendrophthoe glabrescens (Blakely) Barlow), a parasitic plant rich in flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract from citrus benalu leaves in carrageenan-induced mice. A laboratory experimental design using a Randomized Pre- and Post-Test Control Group approach was employed with 25 mice divided into five groups: negative control (CMC-Na 0.5%), positive control (sodium diclofenac), and three treatment groups receiving citrus benalu leaf extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW, respectively. The extract was administered orally 30 minutes after carrageenan induction, and paw edema was measured every 30 minutes for 180 minutes. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among groups, and LSD post hoc analysis indicated that all treatment groups differed significantly from the negative control (p < 0.05) but not from the positive control (p > 0.05). The 400 mg/kgBW dose demonstrated the greatest efficacy, reducing paw edema to 3.08%. These findings suggest that citrus benalu leaf extract has promising potential as a natural anti-inflammatory agent, offering an alternative to synthetic drugs with fewer side effects.
Analisis Angka Lempeng Total Minyak Balur Kombinasi VCO dan Cabai Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) dengan Variasi Suhu Pemanasan Sari, Luh De Cintya Kartika; Pramitha, Dewa Ayu Ika; Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma
Usadha Vol 1 No 3 (2022): Usadha: Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/usadha.v1i3.5520

Abstract

Balur oil combined with VCO and Javanese long pepper is a liquid herbal ingredient obtained from the fruit of the Javanese long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) with the addition of coconut oil (Cocos nucifera). This study was conducted to analyze the microbiological quality of VCO and Javanese long pepper combined balur oil to determine the safety of combined VCO and Javanese long pepper balur oil using the Total Plate Count (ALT) method. Balur oil combined with VCO and Javanese long pepper was made into 3 samples with different heating temperatures. Sample 1 is balur oil with a heating temperature of 40°C, sample 2 is balur oil with a heating temperature of 50°C, and sample 3 is balur oil with a heating temperature of 60°C. The results showed that the three samples of balur oil combined with VCO and Javanese long pepper with variations in heating temperature had different total microbial values, namely 3, 0, and 6 CFU/mL. Sample 1 had a total microbial value of 3 CFU/mL, sample 2 had a total microbial value of 0 CFU/mL, and sample 3 had a total microbial value of 6 CFU/mL. The three samples of VCO and Javanese long pepper combination oil had a total safe microbial value because they had not exceeded the maximum allowable microbial contamination limit according to BPOM No. 32 of 2019, namely 107 colonies/mL.
Potensi Tanaman Obat Terhadap Epitelisasi dalam Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Suratmini, Putu Ayu; Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma; Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini
Usadha Vol 1 No 1 (2021): Usadha: Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

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Abstract

Burns are damage to the skin caused by fire, hot water, electricity, chemicals and radiation. In wound healing, epithelialization plays an important role in the regeneration of epithelial cells. Increased epithelialization causes wounds to close faster and improves the wound healing process. Treatment of burns must be done properly so that the healing process is not disturbed and infection is avoided. However, treating wounds using conventional drugs requires relatively more expensive costs, so alternatives are needed in treating burns by utilizing medicinal plants. This article review aims to determine the potential of medicinal plants for epithelialization in healing burns. The method used in this article is a literature review of scientific research journals that have been published from 2011 to July 10, 2021 in the Google Scholar, PubMed, Sciencedirect and Plos One databases. 11 Indonesian and English scientific research journals were obtained, then these journals were screened. From the results of the review of the articles, it was found that several medicinal plants have the potential for epithelialization in healing burns, including: Ampelopsis japonica, Ananas comosus, Anredera cordifolia, Bixa orellana, Carica papaya, Carissa spinarum, Curcuma longa, Phyllanthus niruri, Poincianella pluviosa, Rhaphidophora pinnata, and Solanum tuberosum.
Potensi Tanaman Herbal terhadap Peningkatan Jumlah Fibroblas dalam Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Devi, Putu Ika Divta Candra; Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma; Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini
Usadha Vol 1 No 1 (2021): Usadha: Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

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Abstract

Luka bakar merupakan bentuk kerusakan jaringan yang diakibatkan oleh peristiwa perpindahan panas, yang sumber panasnya dapat bervariasi seperti kontak langsung atau tidak langsung dengan api, listrik, bahan kimia, gesekan atau radiasi. Luka bakar dapat terjadi pada semua kalangan mulai dari anak kecil dan orang tua yang merupakan populasi yang beresiko tinggi untuk mengalami luka bakar. Penyembuhan luka akan melewati beberapa fase yaitu fase haemostasis, fase inflamasi, fase proliferasi, dan fase maturasi Fibroblas sangat penting dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Jumlah fibroblas mengalami peningkatan selama fase proliferasi. Sejumlah studi menunjukkan bahwa tanaman tradisional potensial sebagai agen penyembuhan luka di samping pengobatan medis untuk luka bakar ringan sampai sedang. Review artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai potensi tanaman herbal terhadap peningkatan jumlah fibroblas dalam penyembuhan luka bakar. Review ini menggunakan metode literatur review pada beberapa jurnal penelitian yang telah dipublikasi, digunakan 4 database termasuk Pubmed, Cochrane, Elsivier dan Google Scholar disaring dan dikumpulkan pada tahun 2011-2021 (hingga Juli). Didapatkan bahwa terdapat tanaman herbal beserta senyawa aktifnya yang berpotensi untuk penyembuhan luka bakar dengan meningkatkan jumlah fibroblas yakni Biji Kakao (flavonoid dan prosianidin), Daun Sirih (saponin, tannin, flavonoid), Daun Melati (saponin, tannin, flavonoid), Daun Remek Daging (flavonoid, tannin, saponi, dan fenol), Bij Edamame (isoflavon dan saponin), Daun Lidah Buaya (Acemannan), Daun Kaktus (alkaloid dan flavonoid), Batang Dan Daun Suruhan (flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin dan saponin), Bunga Saffron (Crocin, picrocracin dan safranal), Bunga Delima (tannin), Daun Kelapa Sawit (flavonoid).
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Tanaman Obat terhadap Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Dwi Widyastrini, Desak Made; Cahyaningsih, Erna; I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma Wardani
Usadha Vol 1 No 1 (2021): Usadha: Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

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Abstract

Meningkatnya kemunculan infeksi multidrug-resistant yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme telah menjadi beban yang signifikan secara global. Mereka telah menghasilkan tingkat kematian, kecacatan dan penyakit yang tinggi di seluruh dunia terutama di negara berkembang. Laporan dari Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) memperkirakan bahwa lebih dari 2 juta penyakit dan 23.000 kematian per tahun disebabkan oleh patogen resisten antibiotik di Amerika Serikat, salah satunya yaitu Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Tanaman obat telah diakui memiliki efek samping yang minimal dan juga dapat menekan pertumbuhan patogen dengan mekanisme yang berbeda dari antibiotik sintetik yang digunakan saat ini. Tujuan penulisan artikel review ini untuk mempelajari aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak tanaman obat terhadap Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan artikel review ini yaitu studi literatur melalaui beberapa basis data yang kemudian diskrining dengan beberapa kriteria. Hasil review mengatakan bahwa vankomisin sebelumnya merupakan obat yang digunakan secara luas untuk pengobatan infeksi MRSA. Hal ini tidak lagi terjadi dengan munculnya strain S. aureus dengan sensitivitas vankomisin yang berkurang sehingga membatasi pilihan pengobatan konvensional untuk infeksi MRSA. Saat ini, banyak peneliti telah melaporkan aktivitas antibakteri dari banyak ekstrak tanaman pada MRSA. Konsentrasi hambat minimum (MIC) dan konsentrasi bakterisida minimum (MBC) digunakan untuk menilai aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dari tanaman obat. Berdasarkan hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa tanaman obat dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat alternatif untuk pengembangan obat yang dapat menghentikan atau mengendalikan infeksi dari MRSA.
Tablet Ekstrak Daun Spondias pinnata: Pengaruh Variasi Primojel® dan Maltodekstrin terhadap Karakteristik dan Stabilitas Fisik serta Aktivitas Antioksidan Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini; Mayuni, Putri Diah Gita; Dewi, Ni Nyoman Ayu Pramesti; Mendra, Ni Nyoman Yudianti; Rahadi, I Wayan Surya; Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 11 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i2.12233

Abstract

Cemcem leaves (Spondias pinnata) are rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antioxidant potential. However, their traditional beverage form lacks stability, necessitating tablet formulation to improve stability and dosing convenience. This study evaluated the effect of varying concentrations of maltodextrin (binder) and Primojel® (disintegrant) on the physical quality and antioxidant activity of cemcem leaf extract tablets. Prior to formulation, extraction temperature optimization was performed using ultrasonic-assisted maceration at 30°C and 45°C, each for 3 minutes per cycle over three cycles. Three tablet formulations were prepared using optimized extract with different maltodextrin–Primojel® ratios: F1 (3%-8%), F2 (6.5%-5%), and F3 (10%-2%). Granule evaluation included moisture content, flow rate, angle of repose, and compressibility index. Tablets were assessed on days 1, 14, and 28 under room temperature storage for organoleptic properties, weight and size uniformity, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and the Friedman test at a 95% confidence level. Extraction at 30°C yielded superior antioxidant activity, with lower IC₅₀ values and higher total flavonoid content and was therefore selected for formulation. All granules met physical quality standards; however, among tablet parameters, only disintegration time complied with pharmacopeial requirements. Formula F3, containing the highest maltodextrin concentration (10%) and lowest Primojel® concentration (2%), demonstrated the best physical stability from day 1 to day 28 (p > 0.05) and the strongest antioxidant activity, with the lowest IC₅₀ value (23.88 µg/mL; AAI 1.68). These findings confirm a causal relationship between excipient concentration and tablet performance, supporting F3 as a promising prototype for antioxidant supplement development.
Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Leaf Extract Cream: Formulation and Efficacy in Accelerating Wound Healing in Male White Mice Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini; Nayaka, Ni Made Dwi Mara Widyani; Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma; Antari, Ni Putu Udayana
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) is known for its wound-healing potential due to its flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, and tannins. This study aims to develop a practical and stable dosage form of Bilimbi leaf extract, specifically a cream, and evaluate its efficacy as a wound-healing agent. Bilimbi leaf extract at 2% concentration was formulated into a cream with two variations of triethanolamine concentration as an emulsifier, F1 (2%) and F2 (4%). Data were collected through observation and measurement scales during the cream formulation stage. The effectiveness of the cream as a cut wound healer was assessed using a randomized control group pre-test and post-test design. Physical properties, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, and mechanical stability, were observed, and spreadability was measured. Both formulations met the criteria for creams with good physical quality and effectively reduced the wound length to 0 cm within the 7-day observation period. In contrast, in the control group, wounds still appeared to be 0.4-1 cm in size. In conclusion, the findings in this study indicate that the cream containing 2% Bilimbi leaf extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) has favorable physical characteristics and effectively heals incision wounds in male white mice. This formulation shows promise for further development regarding efficacy, safety, stability, and market acceptability.
Skrining Fitokimia serta Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol 96% Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera, Lam) dengan Metode DPPH (2,2-Difenil-1-Pikrilhidrazil) Ni Luh Putu Junita Kusuma Dewi; Ni Made sukma Sanjiwani; I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma Wardani; I Wayan Surya Rahadi; I Wayan Sudiarsa; Ni Putu Ayu Mirah Mariati
Akta Kimia Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/aki.v10i2.8870

Abstract

All parts of the moringa plant, from the roots, seeds, stems to the leaves, are known to have medicinal properties. Its reported uses include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and diuretic properties. This study focused on examining the presence of secondary metabolites and assessing the antioxidant potential of 96% ethanol extracts of moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera, Lam). The type of research conducted was a laboratory experiment. Moringa leaves were extracted using the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method with 96% ethanol as the solvent. The resulting extract was then evaporated using a rotary evaporator to obtain a concentrated extract of 34.8 grams. The secondary metabolite content was evaluated through phytochemical screening, and the antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) method. The antioxidant strength was determined by calculating the IC₅₀ value, which indicates the percentage of free radical scavenging by the test sample, and by the AAI value, which describes the antioxidant activity index of the extract. Based on the phytochemical screening results, the 96% ethanol concentrated extract of moringa leaves contained secondary metabolite compounds such as saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and steroids. The IC₅₀ value obtained from the extract was 75.428 ppm with an AAI of 0.530. As a comparison, ascorbic acid showed an IC₅₀ of 14.295 ppm and an AAI of 2.798.
Anti-Aging Efficacy of Mangrove Leaf Extract Cream Assessed by SPF and Collagen Density Enhancement: In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma; Adrianta, Ketut Agus; Udayani, Ni Nyoman Wahyu; Amaral, Meriana Barreto; Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (In progress)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v12i1.13138

Abstract

Background: Excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure is a major contributor to skin photoaging through oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen degradation. Mangrove leaf extract (Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig) contains bioactive compounds with potential photoprotective properties. In this study, the extract was formulated into an oil-in-water (O/W) cream suitable for cosmetic applications.Objective: This study aimed to determine the in vitro sun protection factor (SPF), percentage of erythema transmission (%Te), and percentage of pigmentation transmission (%Tp) of the mangrove leaf extract cream, and to evaluate its effectiveness on UVB-exposed guinea pig skin using collagen density as an anti-aging biomarker.Methods: In vitro assessments of SPF, %Te, and %Tp were performed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry. In vivo evaluation was conducted using 20 guinea pigs to examine the effect of the cream on collagen density through histopathological analysis of UVB-exposed skin.Results: The mangrove leaf extract cream exhibited strong photoprotective activity, with SPF values ranging from 20.68 ± 0.51 to 33.70 ± 0.67, %Te values from 3.13 ± 0.08 to 1.75 ± 0.03, and %Tp values from 4.40 ± 0.12 to 3.31 ± 0.03. Furthermore, the cream significantly increased collagen density (71.77 ± 5.27–81.02 ± 0.96) compared with the positive control (52.16 ± 2.32) (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The mangrove leaf extract cream provides effective protection against UVB radiation, characterized by high-protection SPF, extra-protection %Te, and sunblock-level %Tp. The 5% formulation significantly enhanced collagen density, supporting its potential as a natural anti-aging active ingredient for photoaging prevention through improved UV protection and dermal structure.
Co-Authors Amaral, Meriana Barreto Darmawan, I Wayan Agus Debby Juliadi Devi, Putu Ika Divta Candra Dewa Ayu Ika Pramitha Dewi, Ni Kadek Dhea Cipta Dewi, Ni Nyoman Ayu Pramesti Dwi Widyastrini, Desak Made Erna Cahyaningsih Fitria Megawati Fitria Megawati Fitria Megawati Fredinan Yulianda Fridayana, Ni Luh Gede Erica Galuh Bela Pertiwi Herleeyana Meriyani Herleeyana Meriyani I Dewa Ayu Anom Yustari Nida I Gusti Ayu Arya Ditha Suari I Made Agus Sunadi Putra I Putu Tangkas Suwantara I Wayan Sudiarsa I Wayan Surya Rahadi Ketut Agus Adrianta Ketut Agus Adrianta Lestari, Ketut Sita Citra Mahardika, I Made Agus Mahendra, I Putu Aldy Maria Daniela Tupa Hokor Mayuni, Putri Diah Gita Megawati, Fitria Mendra, Ni Nyoman Yudianti Meriyani, Herleeyana Ni Luh Ayu Mega Ratnasari Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi Ni Luh Putu Junita Kusuma Dewi Ni Luh Putu Swari Ni Made Dharma Shantini Suena Ni Made Dwi Mara Widyani Nayaka Ni Made Sukma Sanjiwani Ni Nyoman Wahyu Udayani NI PUTU AYU MIRAH MARIATI Ni Putu Leona Yorita Dewi Ni Putu Sintia Rahayu Ni Putu Udayana Antari Ni Wayan Budi Sari Puguh Santoso Puguh Santoso puguh santoso, puguh Putra, I Made Agus Sunadi Putri, Ni Kadek Dila Pratiwi Putri, Ni Kadek Nisa Leoni Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma Yuda Rahadi, I Wayan Surya RR. Asih Juanita Sari, Luh De Cintya Kartika Sari, Ni Wayan Budi Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes Sukamto, Ika Sumiyarsi Suradnyana, I Gede Made Suratmini, Putu Ayu Widiasriani, Ida Ayu Putu Wiguna, Putu Dony Saputra Wintariani, Ni Putu Yanti, Ni Kadek Pradnya