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Journal : Journal of Language and Literature

Positioning the Portrayal of White Protagonists in O.A Bushnell’s the Return of Lono and Ka’a’awa Kristiawan Indriyanto; Ida Rochani Adi; Muh. Arif Rokhman
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 21, No 1 (2021): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (379.916 KB) | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v21i1.2783

Abstract

This paper explores the role of literature in the post-truth age through reading on O.A Bushnell’s the Return of Lono and Ka’a’awa. A Hawai’ian novelist, Bushnell contextualizes the earliest interactions between the native Hawai’ian (Kanaka Maoli) and the white settlers which began with the arrival of Captain Cook’s expedition in 1778. Through his fictions, Bushnell underlines positive portrayal of the white characters to provide a counter-discourse to the generally accepted history of Hawai’ian colonialism. Through first person point of view, white characters become the central figure in both of Bushnell’s fictions. Through reading on O.A Bushnell’s narration, this paper aims to elaborate how the Hawai’ian natives also become a willing partner in western colonialism which highlights their colonial complicity. The concept of colonial complicity is employed to highlight the participation of the natives in promoting Western way of thinking. The analysis argues that although Bushnell contextualizes the complicity of the Hawai’ians in promoting Western discourse, resistance also occurs through creation of a hybrid culture.  This paper concludes that in the post truth era, literature should always strive to uncover the truth based on subjective interpretation instead of abiding of a universal truth.
Spatializing Narrative: Postcolonial Spaces of Oswald Andrew Bushnell’s Ka’a’awa Kristiawan Indriyanto
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 23, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v23i1.5455

Abstract

This study explores the representation of space in O.A Bushnell’s Ka’awa in which the seemingly contradictory spatial scene of the urban, the rural, the picturesque and the macabre delineates the complexity of postcolonial spaces. Ka’a’awa foregrounds the journey of Hiram Nihoa through his travel all around O’ahu in the 1850’s. Nihoa’s first-person account provides a vivid avenue for the readers through textual cues delineating spaces as they mentally mapped the slowly unfolding and unfamiliar spaces as his narration progresses. This study is the intersection between environmental/eco-criticism and geo-criticism which focuses on the complexities between spatial referents and their real-world referents as is stated by Tally Jr and Prieto, especially the postcolonial contexts of Hawai’i-West interaction during the second half of the 19th century. The finding posits how the readers familiarize themselves with the picturesque landscape of O’ahu through Nihoa’s evocative narration and how the spatial scene later resurfaces as space connotes death and diseases due to epidemic which defamiliarizes readers from prior spatiality. The spatial scene narrating scene of disease, despair and death highlights the discursive and material condition of Hawai’i as a postcolonial space. Space in Ka’a’awa alludes both toward the referential condition of 1850’s Hawai’i and symbolically represents the decline of the Hawai’ian natives.
A Literary Crossroads: Colonial Anxiety and Ecological Imperialism in The Tale of Saidjah and Adinda Edward Owen Teggin; Kristiawan Indriyanto
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 24, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v24i2.8282

Abstract

This article examines the concepts of ecological anxiety and imperialism through the prism of colonial literature, with the aim of contextualising them alongside the broader theory of colonial anxiety. The study examines The Tale of Saidjah and Adinda, contained in Max Havelaar, as a case study. The text was investigated in order to identify key signifiers of anxiety, with the buffalo being the strongest signifier identified for discussion. The premise is that colonial and ecological signifiers can be seen in the narrative containing the buffalo due to the exploitative imperial process at work and the anxiety experienced by characters such as Saidjah and Adinda when buffalo were stolen. This approach is well suited to the current study due to the way in which Multatuli has used the buffalo, both symbolically and as a major part of the narrative, to demonstrate the damage done to the Javanese people and the environment by the colonial-imperial process. This study demonstrates that colonial and ecological anxiety are closely allied fields that can be used to expand on literary works and analyses dealing with the colonial-imperial era. So too, it is argued, that Indonesia has a key role to play in future debates of both colonial and ecological anxiety.