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The Role of the Malay Customary Institution in Off-Court Divorce Mediation: A Case Study in Rantau Pandan, Jambi Azwar, Zainal; Firdaus, Firdaus; Nafis, Muhammad
Al-Risalah Vol 20 No 1 (2020): June 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (603.336 KB) | DOI: 10.30631/alrisalah.v20i1.561

Abstract

In general, the concept of mediation in fiqh literature concerns merely with pre-divorce conflicts. In contrast, the Malay Customary Institution in Rantau Pandan, Jambi also concerns with restoring household integrity after divorce. This paper aims at describing and analyzing the role of the Malay Customary Institution in restoring post-divorce households in Rantau Pandan. The field research was conducted where the data taken from in-depth interviews and documentation. This paper concludes that there are two forms of mediation process practiced by the Malay Customary Institution in Rantau Pandan: the mediation that is prompted by the initial request of the involving parties and that is without the precondition of reconciliation. The success of the Customary Institution in mediating familial conflicts is supported by several factors, such as; the competence of the mediators, kinship relations, and the goodwill of the respective parties. The mediation practiced of the Customary Institution works in line with the guidance of the Qur’ān and the principle of mediation in Islam. Additionally, this institution has developed the concept of mediation outside the court, both in terms of form and task.
The Stratification Concept of Clear Meaning Nash Text and Its Application in The Field of Family Law Bahril, Muhammad Faruq; Azwar, Zainal; Ferdian, Muhamad
The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law and Civil Law Vol 5 No 2 (2024): Oktober
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Nahdlatul Ulama Tuban

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51675/ijil and cil.v5i2.923

Abstract

The texts of Qur’an and Sunnah are sometimes formulated in clear form (wadih al-ma’na) and the other times formulated in unclear form (khafiy al-ma’na). The clear forms (wadih al-ma’na) are various levels and should be explained so that prevents a fundamental mistake in the law formulation. The clear forms (wadih al-ma’na) induce argue between Islamic lawyers that determines the law construction. This article is to explain the concept of clear texts stratification and analyze its implementation in the law construction between scholars. This article is normative law research with ushul fiqh approach. The data analyzed are gathered from secondary sources such as classic ushul fiqh books of Hanafiy and Shafii schools as the main source. The other law source such as books and articles OJS-based are involved as well. The data obtained are analyzed within descriptive analysis with reduction, display and verification technique. This research results that different views in the text stratification between scholars is merely redactional (lafziy) not substantive (ma’nawiy). The stratification between scholars does not result a substantive difference in products of law, especially law of marriage and inheritance. Different formulation in the text stratification of sharia enrich literature discussion and knowledge of ushul fiqih for the experts of law in formulating law.
BISEKSUAL SEBAGAI ALASAN PERCERAIAN PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID SYARI’AH (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Agama Balikpapan Nomor: 162/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Bpp) Fitri, Desi Widya; Azwar, Zainal; Bahar, Muchlis
TAHKIM Vol. 20 No. 2 (2024): TAHKIM
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/thk.v20i2.6527

Abstract

Bisexuals in Law no. 1974 concerning marriage and KHI cannot be used as the cause of marriage dissolution. However, the Balikpapan Religious Court Number: 162/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Bpp granted the Plaintiff's lawsuit stating that the reason for the lawsuit was sexual disorders. This research aims to analyze the considerations of the Balikpapan Religious Court judge in granting a divorce lawsuit due to sexual disorders and the maqashid sharia view of bisexuals. This research uses the library research method, which is a data collection technique by reviewing various scientific sources, such as: journals, laws and others. The results of this research are first, it is not correct if the main cause of divorce is sexual misconduct. Therefore, PA Balikpapan concluded that the case above which was the main factor in divorce was constant fighting. Although it cannot be denied that the cause of the quarrel is sexual disorders. Second, bisexuals have violated the concept of maqashid sharia in the hifzu al-din section, namely violating the provisions of the Qur'an and sunnah, then bisexuals also violate hifzu an-nafs, namely causing AIDS, and finally violating the concept of hifzu al-nasl. Key Word: bisexuals, religious courts
Children Born Out of Adultery and Guardianship: The Bahtsul Masail Perspective on Old Marriage Cases Shadri, Zukhrufil; Azwar, Zainal
MAQASIDI: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Vol. 4, No. 2 (Desember 2024)
Publisher : MAQASIDI: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum published by the Islamic Criminal Law Program of the Sharia and Islamic Economics Department at the Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47498/maqasidi.v4i2.3691

Abstract

Marriage is a sacred institution in Islam whose validity is determined by fulfilling the conditions and pillars that the Sharia has set. One of the main pillars is the presence of a marriage guardian. In Islamic law, children resulting from adultery do not have a nasab relationship with their biological father, so the father does not have guardianship rights. However, cases of marriages where the biological father is the guardian often pose a legal dilemma, especially if the marriage has been going on for a long time. This study aims to analyze the legal status of biological paternity guardianship in the context of children resulting from adultery based on a cross-sect approach, focusing on the view of the Maliki School that provides flexible space for certain situations. This research uses a normative approach with a content analysis method on fiqh literature, Bahtsul Masail fatwa, and other sources of Islamic law. The results of the study show that according to the Shafi'i School, the guardianship of the biological father is not valid, so the marriage must be repeated with a legal guardian, namely the guardian of the judge. On the other hand, the Maliki school allows the guardianship of the biological father if it is openly recognized, with consideration for maintaining family benefits and social stability. This approach is relevant in certain situations and is supported by the principles of Maqashid Sharia, which include safeguarding religion (hifz al-din), heredity (hifz al-nasl), and avoiding social and economic damage (mafsadah). This study concludes that the adaptive application of ijtihad is needed to provide legal solutions that are relevant to the conditions of contemporary society, without ignoring the principles of Islamic law.
Child Filiation and Its Implications on Maintenance and Inheritance Rights: A Comparative Study of Regulations and Judicial Practices in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Turkey Azwar, Zainal; Armi, Mhd. Ilham; Zulfan, Zulfan; Jelani, Ahmad Bakhtiar bin; Nasri, Ahmad Luthfy
Journal of Islamic Law Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Islamic Law
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24260/jil.v5i1.2326

Abstract

This article analyses the national laws governing child filiation and their implications on the maintenance and inheritance rights of children in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Turkey. This is prompted by the fact that the determination of child filiation in these three countries not only adopts singular fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) provisions, as some Middle Eastern Muslim countries do but also takes into account cultural values and human rights. Therefore, this article employs a normative-juridical approach by conducting a comparative analysis of the laws in these three countries. The research reveals that the laws in these three countries differentiate child filiation based on the marital status of the parents: maternity, biological paternity, and nasab (lineage) paternity. These three typologies of child filiation have implications for their maintenance and inheritance rights. The laws in these three countries stipulate that children born from valid marriages have both maintenance and inheritance rights from both parents, while children born from unregistered or non-marital unions only acquire these rights from their mothers. Although the laws in these three countries grant maintenance and inheritance rights to children born out of wedlock from the maternal lineage, some judicial decisions in Indonesia and Turkey grant these rights from both parents. The differences in judicial practices among these three countries are attributed to variations in legal systems and the Islamic legal schools adopted. Among the three studied nations, this article finds that the legal frameworks and judicial practices in Indonesia and Turkey are more accommodating to children’s rights compared to those in Malaysia. [Artikel ini menganalisis hukum negara yang mengatur ketentuan filiasi anak dan implikasinya terhadap hak pemeliharaan dan waris anak di Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Turki. Hal ini dipicu oleh fakta bahwa penetapan filiasi anak di ketiga negara tersebut tidak hanya mengadopsi ketentuan fikih secara tunggal, seperti beberapa negara Muslim di Timur Tengah, tetapi juga memperhitungkan nilai-nilai budaya dan hak asasi manusia. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif-yuridis dengan melakukan analisis perbandingan terhadap hukum di ketiga negara tersebut. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hukum di ketiga negara tersebut membedakan filiasi anak berdasarkan status perkawinan orang tua: maternitas, paternitas biologis, dan paternitas nasab. Ketiga tipologi filiasi anak ini memiliki implikasi terhadap hak pemeliharaan dan waris anak. Hukum di ketiga negara menetapkan bahwa anak yang lahir dari perkawinan yang sah memiliki hak pemeliharaan dan waris dari kedua orang tua, sedangkan anak yang lahir dari perkawinan yang tidak tercatat atau tanpa ikatan perkawinan hanya memperoleh hak tersebut dari ibunya. Meskipun hukum di ketiga negara memberikan hak pemeliharaan dan waris anak tanpa ikatan perkawinan dari jalur ibu, beberapa keputusan yudisial di Indonesia dan Turki memberikan hak-hak tersebut dari kedua orang tua. Perbedaan dalam praktik peradilan di ketiga negara ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan sistem hukum dan mazhab fikih yang dianut. Dari ketiga negara yang diteliti, artikel ini menemukan bahwa hukum dan praktik peradilan di Indonesia dan Turki lebih akomodatif terhadap hak anak dibandingkan dengan di Malaysia.]
Partial Reality in Local Modern Indonesia: Interethnic Marriage Preferences among Young Minangkabau Migrants in Yogyakarta Azwar, Zainal; Armi, Mhd. Ilham; Daharis, Ade; Febria, Thomas; Aryanti, Yosi
Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : the Faculty of Ushuluddin, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jw.v9i2.36629

Abstract

The preference for same-ethnic marriage in Minangkabau society is an ideal marriage pattern to preserve customs and traditions in the customary marriage system. This preference changes when juxtaposed with the tradition of migration by the Minangkabau society, which influences other preferences (interethnic) in the customary marriage system. This research explores interethnic marriage preferences among young Minangkabau migrants in Yogyakarta, an area with cross-cultural characteristics. This research hypothesises that migration influences interethnic marriage preferences among young Minangkabau migrants in Yogyakarta. This research utilises a quantitative-explanative method, and data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire and literature on Minangkabau marriage culture and traditions. The research involved 100 single Minangkabau migrants aged 19-24 in Yogyakarta as respondents April 20, 2024, to May 6, 2024. Simple linear regression analysis and social reality construction were used as data analysis techniques. The results showed a significant influence of migration on interethnic marriage preferences among young Minangkabau migrants in Yogyakarta, with a regression coefficient of 0.307 and a significance level of 0.002 (p < 0.050). This finding indicates that an increase in the migration variable correlates with an increase in interethnic marriage preference (dependent variable). In terms of social reality, this finding shows the emergence of a partial reality in customary marriage preferences resulting from secondary socialisation internalised by young Minangkabau migrants in Yogyakarta.
ANALISIS FATWA TARJIH MUHAMMADIYAH TENTANG ISTRI IKUT ORGANISASI DITINJAU DARI SADDU DZARI’AH DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KELUARGA Putra, Fajriman; Azwar, Zainal
USRAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): April
Publisher : LPPM STAI Muhammadiyah Probolinggo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46773/usrah.v6i1.1581

Abstract

This study adopts a qualitative method with a literature review approach. The aim of this research is to understand the istinbath (derivation) method used by the Muhammadiyah Tarjih Council in issuing fatwas related to women’s participation in organizations. The findings of this study indicate that the Muhammadiyah Tarjih Council refers to the Qur'an and Hadith to explain the wife’s duties towards her husband, children, and parents, as well as guidelines regarding congregational prayer and women’s participation in organizations. In this context, women may participate in religious organizations if it brings benefit, but the impact on family harmony must be considered. The principle of Sadd al-Dzari'ah is applied to prevent negative consequences arising from the conflict between organizational and family interests, prioritizing based on urgency and maintaining a balance between both interests. Keywords:  Tarjih Fatwa; Wife Organization; Sadd al-Dzari'ah
Reformulating the Concept of Ihdad in the Contemporary Era: A Review of the Concept of Ihdad According to Jurisprudence Scholars Yuliantari, Ela; Azwar, Zainal
al-Rasῑkh: Jurnal Hukum Islam Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): May
Publisher : Universitas Islam Internasional Darullughah Wadda'wah Bangil Pasuruan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38073/rasikh.v14i1.2536

Abstract

The importance of a more contextual understanding of Ihdad (the mourning period for women after the death of their husbands) is emphasized, considering the ongoing social and cultural changes. Although it has strong roots in Islamic law and has been widely discussed by ulama, its application in contemporary era requires a more relevant approach that aligns with the conditions of modern society while maintaining the essence of the underlying teachings. This research aims to revisit the concept of Ihdad from a jurisprudential perspective and to explore the possibility of its adaptation to remain in harmony with the needs and realities of today’s Muslim women. The methodology used is a literature study, collecting data from books, journals, and scientific articles, which is then explained descriptively. The findings indicate that, first, ulama have differing views on Ihdad, yet they all mandate it under specific conditions for the well-being of widowed wives. Second, regarding Ihdad in contemporary era, it is explained that Islamic traditions have been adopted by Muslims since the time of Prophet Muhammad. From the first week of life to the present, they have been characterized by a strong sense of dignity, even if it requires traditional forms. This research contributes to providing a more inclusive and relevant understanding of Ihdad as part of the dynamics of jurisprudence and the lives of modern Muslim women.
From Content to Obligation: Adapting Zakat Law for Digital Creators Alfiander, Dodon; Firdaus, Firdaus; Azwar, Zainal; Warman, Arifki Budia; Iswandi, Iswandi
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 28, No 2 (2024): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v28i2.5843

Abstract

The development of information technology today has made the social media platforms YouTube and Instagram very popular and has given birth to many YouTuber and Celebgram content creators. Content creators use this social media platform as a means to earn income with fantastic financial value of up to hundreds of millions, even billions of rupiah every month. This article aims to discuss zakat for YouTubers and Celebgrams. By using the library research method with a normative approach, this article provides answers to the issue of zakat for YouTubers and Celebgrams. This article concludes that: First, Yusuf al-Qardhawi views income YouTubers and Celebgram is included in al-mâl al-mustafâd, and must be given zakat. Second, there are differences of opinion as to whether zakat is paid to gold and silver zakat, or agricultural zakat. Yusuf al-Qardhawi in one condition qiyas the provisions of agricultural zakat. In other conditions, if the nisab is not met then zakat is paid to gold and silver. Meanwhile, based on MUI Fatwa No. 3 of 2003 concerning Income Zakat, reinforced by MUI Fatwa No. 04 of 2024 concerning Zakat for YouTubers, Celebrities, and Other Digital Creative Economy Actors, its implementation is subject to zakat on gold and silver. Al-Qardhawi's opinion and the provisions contained in the MUI Fatwa, provide an answer to the need to determine zakat law for the income of YouTubers and Instagram celebrities, as part of the dynamic development of information technology which has resulted in the development of contemporary law in the field of zakat. Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini menjadikan platform media sosial YouTube dan Instagram menjadi sangat diminati dan melahirkan banyak pelaku konten kreator YouTuber dan Selebgram. Pelaku konten kreator menjadikan platform media sosial ini sebagai sarana untuk meraup penghasilan dengan nilai finansial yang fantastis hingga mencapai ratusan juta, bahkan milyaran rupiah setiap bulannya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan zakat bagi YouTuber dan Selebgram. Dengan menggunakan metode library research dengan pendekatan normatif, artikel ini memberikan jawaban terhadap persoalan zakat bagi YouTuber dan Selebgram. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa: Pertama, Yusuf al-Qardhawi memandang pengasilan YouTuber dan Selebgram termasuk dalam al-mâl al-mustafâd, dan wajib untuk dizakatkan. Kedua, terdapat perbedaan pendapat apakah penunaian zakatnya diqiyaskan kepada zakat emas dan perak, atau zakat pertanian. Yusuf al-Qardhawi pada satu kondisi meng-qiyaskan pada ketentuan zakat pertanian. Pada kondisi lain, jika nisabnya tidak terpenuhi maka diqiyaskan kepada zakat emas dan perak. Sementara, berdasarkan Fatwa MUI No. 3 Tahun 2003 tentang Zakat Penghasilan, diperkuat dengan Fatwa MUI No. 04 Tahun 2024 tentang Zakat YouTuber, Selebgram, dan Pelaku Ekonomi Kreatif Digital Lainnya, pelaksanaanya diqiyaskan kepada zakat emas dan perak. Pendapat al-Qardhawi serta ketentuan yang termuat pada Fatwa MUI, memberikan jawaban terhadap kebutuhan penetapan hukum zakat bagi penghasilan YouTuber dan Selebgram, sebagai bahagian dari dinamika perkembangan teknologi informasi yang berakibat pada perkembangan hukum kontemporer dalam bidang zakat.
From Counsel to the Aisle: The Practice of Markobar within the Framework of ‘Urf and the Ideal Concept of Marriage in Mandailing Musthafa, Halum; Azwar, Zainal; Mardiyah, Azizah; Hasibuan, Marzuki Hafiz Alhamdani
Ahlika: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Ahlika: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam
Publisher : Yayasan Abdurrauf Cendekia Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70742/ahlika.v2i1.249

Abstract

This study aims to examine the markobar tradition in walimatul ‘ursy (wedding banquet) ceremonies within the Mandailing community, as well as to analyze this practice from the perspective of Islamic law (?urf) and its contribution to the formation of a sakinah, mawaddah, wa rahmah (tranquil, loving, and compassionate) family. The markobar tradition is an oral cultural heritage rich in local, religious, and moral values passed down through generations. The main focus of this research is to understand how markobar is practiced, to analyze the cultural and religious values it contains, and to explore the role this tradition plays in supporting the formation of a harmonious and loving Islamic family in accordance with Islamic law. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews and documentation of Mandailing customary literature and Islamic legal references. The data were analyzed using a content analysis approach to identify key themes related to the implementation of markobar and the foundations of ?urf that support it. The findings show that markobar falls under the category of ?urf ?a???, which refers to community customs that do not contradict Islamic principles. This tradition plays a significant role in imparting marital advice and strengthening the value of togetherness within the household, thereby contributing to the formation of a samawa (sakinah, mawaddah, wa rahmah) family. The study recommends reinforcing the preservation of the markobar tradition as part of the harmonization between local culture and Islamic law and encourages greater involvement of the younger generation in sustaining traditions that support the development of sustainable Islamic families. Abstract: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tradisi markobar dalam acara walimatul ‘ursy pada komunitas Mandailing, serta menelaah praktik tersebut dari perspektif hukum Islam (‘urf) dan kontribusinya dalam pembentukan keluarga sakinah mawaddah warahmah. Tradisi markobar merupakan warisan budaya lisan yang sarat dengan nilai-nilai lokal, religius, dan moral yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah memahami bagaimana markobar dijalankan, menelaah nilai budaya dan keagamaan yang terkandung di dalamnya, serta mengeksplorasi peran tradisi ini dalam mendukung pembentukan keluarga Islami yang harmonis dan penuh kasih sayang sesuai syariat Islam. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam serta dokumentasi terhadap literatur adat Mandailing dan referensi hukum Islam. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan analisis isi untuk mengidentifikasi tema-tema utama terkait pelaksanaan markobar dan dasar-dasar ‘urf yang mendukungnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa markobar termasuk dalam kategori ‘urf sahih, yaitu kebiasaan masyarakat yang tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam. Tradisi ini memainkan peran penting dalam menanamkan nasihat pernikahan dan memperkuat nilai kebersamaan dalam rumah tangga sehingga terbentuknya keluarga samawa. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan pelestarian tradisi markobar sebagai bagian dari harmonisasi antara budaya lokal dan hukum Islam, serta mendorong keterlibatan generasi muda dalam mempertahankan tradisi yang mendukung terbentuknya keluarga Islami yang berkelanjutan