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Evaluating the Thermal Performance of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers: The Role of Flow Rate in Water-Based Systems Afgani, Abduh Al; Zaidar, Chilfi; Saputra Sigalingging, Wanri; Sukarman; Khoirudin, Khoirudin; Abdulah, Amri
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore (JTMMX)
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36805/jtmmx.v5i1.6129

Abstract

This research investigates the performance of water as a working fluid in the shell side of shell-and-tube heat exchangers (STHEs), explicitly analyzing how variations in flow rate influence the heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and friction factor characteristics. Experiments were conducted using an STHE with a SUS 201 stainless steel shell and a pure copper tube featuring an inner diameter of 10 mm and an outer diameter of 13 mm. The flow rates of the cold fluid varied at 9, 10, and 12 liters per minute (LPM), while the hot fluid flow was maintained at a constant rate of 6.67 LPM. A 600 W heater, regulated by a PID system, was utilized to evaluate thermal performance, with water serving as the hot fluid on the shell side and the cold fluid on the tube side. Results demonstrate a significant increase in both the heat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer rate with higher flow rates of the cold fluid, with the maximum heat transfer coefficient recorded at 12 LPM and the minimum at 9 LPM. The STHE exhibited high efficiency, with heat transfer rate differences between the shell and tube sides remaining below 5%. Although pressure fluctuations were observed with increasing flow rates, they did not substantially affect the friction factor, indicating a predominantly turbulent flow regime. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing heat transfer performance in STHEs, contributing to advancements in thermal management technologies and enhancing the design of efficient heat exchangers.
Improving Dissimilar Metal Joining Quality Through Shielded Metal Arc Welding: A Taguchi Optimization Strategy Supriyanto, Agus; Sukarman, Sukarman; Mulyadi, Dodi; Djafar Shieddieque, Apang; Abdulah, Amri; Khoirudin, Khoirudin; Apang Djafar Shieddieque
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore (JTMMX)
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36805/jtmmx.v5i1.7867

Abstract

The results of an experiment that used an orthogonal Taguchi method to improve shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) were given. The SMAW method was used to join dissimilar metal of SPHC and St. 30. SPHC material has a low carbon steel content, while St. 30C steels contain a medium amount of carbon steel, which is used for tractor shaft axles. Carbon percentages vary slightly between the two substances. This study aimed to achieve the highest possible quality of tensile strength by utilizing the specified SMAW parameters. SPHC material has a low carbon content, whereas St. 30 steel has a moderate carbon content. This study used the Taguchi experimental method with three input variables and three experimental levels. The SNR ratio is used to evaluate the most optimal SMAW performance. ANOVA analysis is used to evaluate the most crucial parameters in determining the response variable. This research has successfully provided input on the combination of SPHC and St. 30C for SMEs. It operates effectively with a welding current of 133 A, a welding voltage of 9 V, and a filler diameter of 2.0 mm. The S/N ratio analysis found that the welding current, voltage, and filler diameter all had a significant impact on the outcome.
Parametric Analysis and Optimization of Sinker-EDM Process for High Tensile Strength Steel Using Response Surface Methodology Sukarman, Sukarman; Khoirudin, Khoirudin; Taufik Ulhakim, Muhamad; Mulyadi, Dodi; Amir, Amir; Abdulah, Amri; Rohman
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore (JTMMX)
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36805/jtmmx.v5i2.9017

Abstract

This investigation focuses on optimizing the sinker electrical discharge machining (sinker-EDM) process parameters for high tensile strength steel (HTSS), specifically SKD-11, utilizing Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology (BB-RSM). Sinker-EDM is a commonly used technique in manufacturing moulds, dies, and components for sectors like automotive and aerospace. This process eliminates direct contact between the electrode and the workpiece. However, its low material removal rate (MRR) constrains productivity. This research endeavours to enhance MRR by employing rectangular graphite electrodes. The Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology (BB-RSM) was utilized to evaluate the effects of pulse current, spark-on time, and gap voltage on MRR. The optimal MRR of 45.49 mm³/min was attained at a pulse current of 16 A, spark-on time of 400 µs, and gap voltage of 45 V. ANOVA revealed that pulse current and spark-on time significantly influenced MRR. In contrast, gap voltage had an insignificant impact. Interaction and surface plot analyses confirmed that high pulse current and extended spark-on time resulted in the maximum MRR. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the sinker-EDM process for SHTSS, contributing to enhanced productivity and efficiency in manufacturing.
Taguchi-Based Optimization of TIG Welding for Joining Low-Carbon Steel (ST37) and Stainless Steel (SUS 304) Khoirudin; Karyadi, Karyadi; Kusnadi, Akhmad; Amir, Amir; Abdulah, Amri; Hananto, Agus; Taufik Ulhakim, Muhamad
Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore (JTMMX)
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36805/jtmmx.v5i2.9043

Abstract

This study investigates the optimization of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding parameters for joining dissimilar metals, specifically ST37 low-carbon steel and SUS 304 stainless steel, using the Taguchi L9 experimental design. The welding parameters evaluated include welding current (45-65 A), tungsten electrode diameter (1.6-2.4 mm), and shielding gas flow rate (12-18 LPM). The aim is to enhance joint integrity and mechanical properties by systematically analyzing the influence of these parameters on hardness and tensile load (TS loads). Hardness testing revealed that the weld zone exhibited the highest hardness, followed by the heat-affected zone and base metal. Tensile testing showed that the highest TS loads of 341 kgf were achieved at 45 A, 1.6 mm electrode diameter, and 12 LPM gas flow rate. Signal-to-noise ratio analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that welding current had the most significant influence on hardness and TS loads, with contributions of 39% and 41.27%, respectively, followed by electrode diameter (17% and 36.42%). In comparison, the gas flow rate had the least impact (45% and 22.31%). However, ANOVA results showed that none of the factors exhibited statistical significance (P > 0.05). The findings contribute to the field of welding engineering by providing optimized TIG welding parameters for ST37-SUS 304 joints, enhancing their reliability in various industrial applications such as automotive manufacturing, oil and gas, and power generation, where durable and corrosion-resistant welds are crucial.
Analisis Kinerja Kondensor Destilasi Minyak Atsiri Dengan Bahan Baku Daun Cengkeh Kapsitas 200kg Mardiansyah, Zulfahri; Agus Supraytno; TB.U. Adi Subekhi; Abdulah, Amri
Jurnal Teknologika Vol 15 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Teknologika
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukancana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51132/teknologika.v15i2.530

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Essential Oil or Essential Oils is a commodity that has great potential in Indonesia, such as the Cosmetics, Foodand Beverage Medicines industry. Therefore, the author analyzes the performance of the essential oil distillation condenserwith a capacity of 200kg with solutions such as flow. Distillation can be done by 3 methods, namely: Distillation with waterand steam / steam distillation system (water and steam distillation), Distillation with boiling system (water distillation /hydro-distillation), and distillation with direct steam (Direct steam distillation / Dry steam). The Reynolds number showsa value of 73.308. Then the type of fluid flow in the pipe is Turbulent Flow. LMTD provides the average rate of heattransferred accurately and quickly which the author has calculated to get a value of 127.61 K. The type of heat exchangeris so complex that it requires a correction factor (Fc) of 1.056 as a comparison of the actual heat transfer rate with themaximum heat transfer rate in the condensing zone of 1.051K.
Studi Komparatif Getaran Pada Sepeda Motor Saat Kondisi Standar Dan Hasil Konversi Ke Motor Listrik Heryadi, Yadi; Harmanda, Adi; Heryana, Ghany; Abdulah, Amri
Jurnal Teknologika Vol 15 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Teknologika
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukancana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51132/teknologika.v15i2.535

Abstract

A potential solution to mitigate exhaust emissions and air pollution is converting conventional motorcycles into electric ones. This study carried out the conversion of a gasoline-powered motorcycle to an electric motorcycle and analyzed changes in its dynamic characteristics through measurements of the center of gravity, suspension load distribution, and two-degree-of-freedom vibration response. The methodology involved determining the motorcycle’s center of gravity before and after conversion using the moment-of-force approach and conducting vibration analysis with a two-degree-of-freedom undamped model. Tests were performed in unloaded and loaded conditions with a 70 kg passenger to evaluate the effect of additional mass on suspension performance. Before conversion, the motorcycle’s center of gravity was located at x = 526 mm and y = 147 mm, shifting to x = 577 mm and y = 133 mm after conversion. With a passenger, the center of gravity moved from x = 754 mm and y = 704 mm to x = 762 mm and y = 687 mm after conversion. The total load decreased from 267 kg (74.8 kg front and 192.2 kg rear) to 239.6 kg (66.9 kg front and 172.7 kg rear). The vibration analysis revealed that the main natural frequency slightly increased from ω₁ = 19.507 rad/s (≈3.10 cps) to ω₁ = 19.654 rad/s (≈3.12 cps), while the secondary frequency remained stable at ω₂ = 4.52 rad/s (≈0.71 cps). The amplitude ratio changed marginally from (A/B) = 6.028 m/rad to 6.088 m/rad. Overall, the conversion does not induce significant additional vibration, indicating that the structural dynamics remain stable. However, fine-tuning of battery placement and suspension stiffness is recommended to optimize stability and ride comfort.
Pengaruh Modifikasi Pipa Pendingin Terhadap Efektivitas Induced Draft Cooling Tower LBC-50 Naufal, Muhammad Fairuz; abdulah, amri; Heryadi, Yadi; Shieddieque, Apang Djafar; Rajab, Dede Ardi; Suhartini, Sri
Jurnal Teknologika Vol 15 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Teknologika
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukancana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51132/teknologika.v15i2.540

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the performance enhancement of an induced draft cooling tower through modifications to the water distribution piping line, as well as to evaluate the thermal and hydraulic performance before and after modification. The initial system exhibited relatively low cooling effectiveness due to uneven water distribution and limited heat transfer between air and water within the tower. Therefore, the piping layout was redesigned to improve flow uniformity, enlarge the air–water contact area, and minimize heat losses, thereby enhancing overall cooling efficiency. The experimental tests were conducted under identical operating conditions with an inlet water temperature of 38 °C. The results showed that the outlet water temperature decreased from 33.78 °C (before modification) to 28.95 °C (after modification). The range increased from 5.17 °C to 9.12 °C, while the approach decreased from 4.68 °C to 2.61 °C, indicating a more effective cooling process approaching ideal conditions. Furthermore, the cooling capacity showed a substantial increase from 21,717.4 kW to 61,515.1 kW, signifying that the modified cooling tower can dissipate a greater amount of heat and support higher cooling demands in industrial operations. In addition, the system effectiveness improved from 52.45% to 77.58%, demonstrating a significant enhancement in heat transfer efficiency as a result of improved fluid distribution. On the other hand, the total head loss increased from 39.11 m to 63.71 m, indicating higher flow resistance due to the new configuration, but it remained within acceptable limits. Overall, the study concludes that modifying the piping line in the induced draft cooling tower significantly improves thermal performance, cooling effectiveness, and capacity, making the redesigned configuration a viable approach to increase the efficiency of large-scale industrial cooling systems..
Analisis Efisiensi Pembakaran pada Burner Berbahan Bakar LNG dalam Menghasilkan Uap Panas Noviani, Vini; Tarya; Nizar Fernanta, Yosa; anwar, Choirul; Abdulah, Amri; Suriaman, Irwan
Jurnal Teknologika Vol 15 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Teknologika
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Wastukancana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51132/teknologika.v15i2.541

Abstract

The burner in the Continuous Sheet Line (CSL) machine plays a crucial role in generating heat for the steel production process. However, under operational conditions, problems such as explosion and imperfect combustion are often found due to imperfect air-gas ratios. This study aims to analyze the performance of LNG-fueled burners in CSL furnaces, evaluate the influence of Air Flue Ratio (AFR), air and gas distribution on combustion efficiency in each zone, and assess the role of casing materials as insulators on furnace thermal efficiency. The data studied included gas and air pressure, flow rate, furnace temperature, and LNG consumption. Calculations are performed to determine gas flow, airflow, Qinput, Qthermal, AFR, and burner efficiency in each zone (H2-D and H2-W). In addition, thermal analysis was performed on various insulating materials such as ceramic fiberboard, calcium silicate, and micropore silica to assess their effect on heat loss due to conduction and radiation. The results show that burner efficiency is not always directly proportional to the theoretical AFR value. In the H2-D zone with a relatively high AFR (12.55–15.56), the efficiency reached 69%–82%, while in the H2-W zone with a lower AFR (10.86–11.96) the efficiency decreased to 59%–63%. In addition, in some zones such as zones 1, 7, and 8, there is an aberration of the air-gas ratio from the ideal value, with the average airflow being lower than the theoretical standard. From the thermal side, the use of insulation materials with low conductivity such as microporous silica is able to reduce heat loss by more than 80% compared to standard materials. Increased insulation thickness has also been shown to reduce heat loss by up to 50%, especially in areas with high heat exposure.
Development of hybrid nanofluids and solar heat exchangers (SHX) to improve heat transfer performance in solar panel cooling Amri Abdulah; Apang Djafar Shieddieque; Dede Ardi Rajab; Khoirudin Khoirudin; Sukarman Sukarman
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/mesi.12913

Abstract

This study examined the thermohydraulic efficiency of a novel Solar Heat Exchanger (SHX) designed for cooling solar panels. The SHX was specifically created for 20 Wp solar panels measuring 450 × 350 mm. The cooling medium was a hybrid nanofluid (HNF) consisting of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ nanoparticles (0.5–1%) suspended in a base fluid of ethylene glycol and water (EG/W) at a 10:90 ratio. Experiments were performed using flow rates ranging from 1 to 3 LPM. The HNF coolant demonstrated enhanced performance in the solar heat exchanger, with a maximum heat transfer rate increase of 56.07% compared with that of the base fluid. This improvement in the heat-transfer rate was associated with an increase in the heat-transfer coefficient, which was influenced by the flow rate and volume fraction of the HNF. The effectiveness of the HNF surpassed that of the base fluids by approximately 117%. The results indicated that higher flow rates and volume fractions improved cooling performance. The enhanced cooling efficiency and innovative SHX design make this study particularly relevant to the development of solar panel cooling systems, particularly those employing hybrid nanofluid coolants.
Co-Authors Abduh Al Afgani Afgani, Abduh Al Agung Maulana Rahmat Agus Solehudin Agus Suprayitno Agus Supraytno Agus Supriyanto Ahmad Fauzi Amin Rais Aminanda, Yulfian Amir Amir Amir Amir Amir Ananda Duta Suhendar Anjar Prasetyo Anwar Ilmar Ramadhan Apang Djafar Shieddique Ardi Rajab, Dede Aries Abbas Aris Budiyanto Bachtiar, Mochamad Faisal Choerul Anwar Choirul Anwar Choirul Anwar Choirul Anwar Dani, Muhamad Dede Ardi Rajab Dede Ardi Rajab Dede Ardi Rajab Dede Ardi Rajab Dede Ardi Rajab Dharmawan, Quewys Alqorni Mada Dodi Muhammad Dodi Mulyadi Dodi Mulyadi Fathan Mubina Dewadi Ghany Heryana Hananto, Agustia Harmanda, Adi Hasanudin Hasanudin Heryadi, Yadi Hilman Nugraha Husna, Agus Iman Nurshahid Ina, Ina afriani Irawan, Adhi Chandra Jaenudin Jatira Jatira Jatira Jatira Jatira Jatira Jatira Jatira Jatira Jatira Jefri Jafarudin Karyadi Karyadi Karyadi Khoirudin Khoirudin Khoirudin Khoirudin Khoirudin Khoirudin Khoirudin Khoirudin Khoirudin Khoirudin Khoirudin Khoirudin Khoirudin, Khoirudin Kil, Sohn Chang Kurnia, Tata Kusnadi, Akhmad Mardiansyah, Zulfahri Moch Iqbal Zaelani Mutahar Mohamad Rizkiyanto Mudjianto Ramadhan Cahya Muhamad Ardiansyah Muhamad Taufik Ulhakim Muhamad Taufik Ulhakim Muhamad Wisnu Purnama Muhamad Wisnu Purnama Muhammad Ali Akbar Muhammad Ali Akbar, Muhammad Ali Murtalim Murtalim Murtalim Muyladi, Dodi Nana Rahdiana Nana Rahdiana Naufal, Muhammad Fairuz Nazar Fazrin Nefli Yusuf Nizar Fernanta, Yosa Noviani, Vini Nur Alam, Deden Prasetyo, Maulana Kukuh Putra, Ean Deka Rag, Yoon Jung Rahdiana, Nana Rahmanto, R. Hengki Raja Mualtio Panggabean Rajab, Dede Ardi Renaldi Renaldi Renata Lintang Azizah Revi Kusnadi Ricko Valderama Riswandi, Muhammad Andi Rohman Rohman Rohman Rohman Rohman Rohman Rohman Roy Waluyo Saiful Anwar Saputra Sigalingging, Wanri Satria Prayoga setiawan, Dibyo Setiawan, Yuda Shieddieque, Apang Djafar Shieddique, Apang Djafar Shieddique, Apang Djafar Siswanto Sofyan, Muhammad Faizal Sohn Chang Kil Solihin Sri Suhartini Stefanus Bambang Jumawan Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman - Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Sukarman Suriaman, Irwan Suripto, Heri Tarya Taufik Ulhakim, Muhamad TB. Utami Adi Subekhi TB.U. Adi Subekhi Thiyana Thiyana Tomas Irfani Wawan Yoon Jung Rag Yulfian Aminanda Zaidar, Chilfi