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Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tuberculosis Multidrug Resistance (TB MDR) Bawonte, Trivianto G.; Mambo, Christi D.; Masengi, Angelina S. R.
eBiomedik Vol 9, No 1 (2021): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.9.1.2021.31949

Abstract

Abstract: Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR TB) is Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to the first line of antituberculosis drugs are rifampicin and isoniazid. Globally, in 2017 there were around 558.000 new cases (range, 483.000-639.000) resistant TB rifampicin (TB RR), nearly half of which were in three counties, India (24%), China (13%), and Rusia (10%). WHO estimates that there are 23.000 cases of MDR/RR in Indonesia. In 2017, there were 442.000 TB cases recorded in the program, of which an estimated 8.600-15.000 MDR/RR TB cases. The research to determine the factors that influence Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR TB).this type of research is in the form of literature review with design of case control study and cross sectional study. The results showed that the risk factors were proven to influence the occurrence (MDR TB). The conclusion from 15 articles reviewed, it shows that age, gender, treatment irregularity and medication adherence are the most influencing factors for TB MDR.Keywords: Factors, TB MDR, multidrug resistance tuberculosis  Abstrak: Tuberculosis Multidrug Resistance (TB MDR) merupakan resistensi Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap jenis Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) lini pertama yaitu rifampisin dan isoniazid. Di tingkat global, di tahun 2017 terdapat sekitar 558.000 kasus baru (rentang, 483.000 - 639.000) TB rifampisin (TB RR) resistan di mana hampir separuhnya ada di tiga negara yaitu India (24%), China (13%), dan Rusia (10%). WHO memperkirakan ada 23.000 kasus MDR/RR di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2017 kasus TB yang tercatat di program ada sejumlah 442.000 kasus yang mana dari kasus tersebut diperkirakan ada 8.600-15.000 MDR/RR TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Tuberculosis Multidrug Resistance (TB MDR). Jenis penelitian ini berbentuk literature Review dengan rancangan case control study dan cross sectional study. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko terbukti mempengaruhi terjadinya (TB MDR). simpulan dari 15 artikel yang di review, menunjukkan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, ketidakteraturan berobat, dan kepatuhan minum obat merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi terjadinyaTB MDR.Kata Kunci : Faktor – faktor, TB MDR, factors, multidrug tuberculosis
Peran Vitamin dalam Penanganan Penyakit Parkinson Onibala, Aurelia R.; Mambo, Christi D.; Masengi, Angelina S. R.
Jurnal Biomedik : JBM Vol 13, No 3 (2021): JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/jbm.13.3.2021.31956

Abstract

Abstrak: Penyakit Parkinson atau Parkinson’s disease (PD) merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif yang bersifat kronis, progresif, dan tidak dapat disembuhkan sehingga penyakit ini memiliki dampak sosial yang besar. Pengobatan yang digunakan saat ini tidak dapat menghentikan perjalanan PD dan memiliki efek samping yang merugikan. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan terapi tambahan dengan risiko efek samping yang lebih rendah seperti vitamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui vitamin apa saja yang berperan dan bagaimana mekanisme peran vitamin tersebut dalam membantu penanganan PD. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Literature Review. Berdasarkan artikel yang dianalisis, vitamin memiliki peran dalam penanganan PD. Vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid) bermanfaat melalui mekanisme neuroproteksi pada neuron dopaminergik. Vitamin B3 (niasin) berpotensi dalam mengurangi peradangan saraf. Vitamin B12 dalam penelitian in vitro berperan melalui  mekanisme inhibisi terhadap agregasi α-synuclein, menghambat aktivitas kinase leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), dan mencegah neurotoksisitas. Vitamin C (asam askorbat) efektif untuk menurunkan stres oksidatif. Vitamin E memiliki efek antiinflamasi dan antioksidan serta dapat meningkatkan kapasitas antioksidan total, dan meningkatkan GSH. Penggunaan vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid), vitamin B3, vitamin B12, vitamin C (dalam dosis dan jangka waktu tertentu), dan vitamin E bermanfaat untuk agen terapeutik PD. Vitamin B12, berdasarkan literature review perlu penelitian lebih lanjut namun tampaknya dapat menjadi terapi pendukung PD.Kata kunci: Vitamin, Penyakit Parkinson, Stres Oksidatif, Peradangan Saraf  Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, and incurable neurodegenerative disease that has a major social impact. The medications currently used cannot stop the course of PD and have adverse side effects. Therefore additional therapy with a lower risk of side effects such as vitamins is needed. This study aims to determine which vitamins play a role and how the mechanism of the role of these vitamins in helping treat PD. This research was conducted using the Literature Review method. Based on the articles analyzed, vitamins have a role in the management of PD. Vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid) is beneficial through neuroprotection in dopaminergic neurons. Vitamin B3 (niacin) has the potential to reduce nerve inflammation. Vitamin B12 in in vitro studies plays a role through inhibitory mechanisms of α-synuclein aggregation, inhibits the activity of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and prevents neurotoxicity. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is effective for reducing oxidative stress. Vitamin E has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and can increase the total antioxidant capacity and increase GSH. The use of vitamin A (9-cis-retinoic acid), vitamin B3, vitamin B12, vitamin C (in certain doses and for a certain time), and vitamin E are beneficial for the therapeutic agent of PD. For vitamin B12, based on the literature review, further research is needed but seems to be a supportive therapy for PD.Keywords: Vitamins, Parkinson's Disease, Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation
Mixed-type Variables Clustering for Learners’ Behavior in Flipped Classroom Implementation Daniel Febrian Sengkey; Angelina Stevany Regina Masengi
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 11, No 1: March 2023
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v11i1.4376

Abstract

Numerous approaches have been developed to group learners’ behavior in an online/blended learning environment. However, most clustering analyses in this particular field only consider numeric features despite the existence of categoric features that are found important in other studies. In this study, we compare K-Means and K-Prototypes algorithms to cluster learners’ behavior in a flipped classroom implementation. From the model selection, we found that the model produced by the K-Prototypes algorithm — which included categoric features — is a better one. The statistical analysis of the clustering results of the selected K-Prototypes model shows significant differences in most of the inter-cluster comparisons, implying a good separation of the data. More importantly, we can identify the behavior in each cluster which then can be used to help learners in achieving better results in learning.
Do the Informatics Freshmen Satisfied with Information Technology-assisted Learning? A Study During the Pandemic Era Daniel Febrian Sengkey; Feisy Diane Kambey; Pinrolinvic Duadelfri Kurnialimki Manembu; Heilbert Armando Mapaly; Kenneth Yosua Rumawas Palilingan; Arthur Morits Rumagit; Salvius Paulus Lengkong; Rizal Sengkey; Angelina Stevany Regina Masengi
Jurnal Teknik Informatika Vol. 17 No. 3 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Informatika
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35793/jti.17.3.2022.44220

Abstract

Over three years after Patient 0 was identified, COVID-19 is still a scourge for the world. It has taken its toll in various aspects, including altering human day-to-day routines. Its impact on education forces classes to be held online in a synchronous virtual meeting or through asynchronous learning that utilizes a Learning Management System (LMS). This study addressed the satisfaction issue of freshmen, who just entered college and must be facing online learning held through an LMS.
PERSEPSI DAN KESIAPAN DIRI MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION DI UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI MANADO Mario Esau Katuuk; Angelina Stevany Regina Masengi; Ollivia Enggelina Supit
Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan IMELDA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan IMELDA
Publisher : Program Studi S1/DIII-Keperawatan Universitas Imelda Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52943/jikeperawatan.v9i1.1249

Abstract

The need for an interprofessional education learning system started from the complexity of health services and social services. It requires the effective coordination and collaboration of health professions. Higher education institutions providing health education are encouraged to implement interprofessional education system by conducting an assessment of student readiness and perceptions regarding interprofessional education system. The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions and self-readiness of undergraduate students at the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University regarding the implementation of interprofessional education system. This research method uses a descriptive research design using a questionnaire distributed using an online form. Univariate data analysis was performed and results are presented in a frequency distribution table. The results showed that most of the respondents had a good perception of interprofessional education (97.9%), while 3% had an adequate perception. A relatively similar picture is found for self-readiness where 75.9% of respondents have good self-readiness, the rest are in the sufficient category (24.1%). It can be concluded that according to students' perceptions and self-readiness, shows that there are excellent opportunities for educational institutions to develop and implement interprofessional learning systems, especially in the health sector to improve communication and collaboration as well as health services quality.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Jangka Panjang terhadap Kanker Lambung Christi D. Mambo; Anglina S. R. Masengi; Fellery W. R. Onibala
e-CliniC Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): e-CliniC
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ecl.v12i1.45428

Abstract

Abstract: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most commonly used group of drugs for the treatment of acid-related disorders, such as gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and dyspepsia. In Indonesia overall, in recent years there has been a reported increase in the use of PPIs and the associated side effects of long-term use including gastric cancer. This study aimed to determine the effect the long-term use of PPIs on the occurrence of gastric cancer. This was a literature review study. Journal searching was conducted through two online journal databases, namely, PubMed and ScienceDirect. The results obtained 11 research articles about the duration of PPIs’s use as a cause of gastric cancer. Long-term use of PPIs was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, which was also associated with the duration of use. Gastric cancer due to long-term use of PPIs could also occur in patients after H. pylori eradication, patients with GERD, and patients after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). In conclusion, long-term use of PPIs can affect the occurrence of gastric cancer. Keywords: proton pump inhibitors; gastric cancer; long-term use of drug    Abstrak: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) merupakan golongan obat yang paling umum digunakan untuk pengobatan terkait gangguan yang berhubungan dengan asam lambung seperti gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), dan dyspepsia. Di Indonesia secara keseluruhan beberapa tahun terakhir dilaporkan terjadi peningkatan penggunaan PPIs yang memunculkan efek samping terkait penggunaan jangka panjang termasuk kanker lambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jangka waktu penggunaan PPIs pada kejadian kanker lambung. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review dengan pencarian jurnal melalui dua database journal online, yaitu PubMed dan ScienceDirect. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 11 artikel penelitian yang memiliki informasi terkait jangka waktu penggunaan PPIs sebagai penyebab kanker lambung. Penggunaan PPIs jangka panjang berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kanker lambung, yang juga berhubungan dengan durasi penggunaan. Kanker lambung akibat penggunaan PPIs jangka panjang juga dapat terjadi pada pasien setelah eradikasi H. pylori, pasien dengan GERD, dan pasien setelah percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat pengaruh penggunaan PPIs jangka panjang terhadap terjadinya kanker lambung. Kata kunci: proton pump inhibitors; kanker lambung; penggunaan obat jangka panjang
Rasionalitas Penggunaan Antibiotik untuk Pengobatan Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Anak Christi D. Mambo; Angelina S. R. Masengi; Deffianie A. Thomas
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i1.45431

Abstract

Abstract: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is caused by transmission of pathogens that infect the upper or lower respiratory tract. Worldwide, including Indonesia, ARI is one of the causes of high morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics are the most commonly used drugs to treat infections in the respiratory tract, however, the use of antibiotics is often irrationally; therefore, it needs special attention. This study aimed to determine the rationality of using antibiotics for the treatment of ARI in children. This was a literature study with data searching from Pubmed and Research Gate using the PICOS criteria. The results showed that the most widely used antibiotic was amoxicillin of penicillin class (64%). The Gyssens flow assessment obtained Category V (30%), Category IIA (20%), Category 0 (15%), Category IIB (10%), Category IIIA (10%), Category IVD (5%), Category IVA (5%), and Category IIC (5%) which showed irrational use of antibiotics. In conclusion, according to Gyssens assessment of antibiotics use, 65% are irrational and 35% are rational. Irrational cases are due to incorrect/inaccurate diagnosis and doses, followed by inaccuracy in duration, interval, and route of administration. Antibiotic resistance tends to increase since the irrational use is not well managed. Keywords: rational use of antibiotics; prescription; antibiotics; antimicrobials; acute respiratory tract infection; children   Abstrak: Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) disebabkan oleh penularan patogen yang menginfeksi saluran pernapasan atas atau bawah. Di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia, ISPA menjadi salah satu penyebab tingginya angka kesakitan dan kematian pada anak. Antibiotik merupakan salah satu obat paling umum digunakan untuk mengatasi infeksi saluran pernapasan namun seringkali digunakan secara tidak rasional sehingga perlu mendapat perhatian khusus Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik terhadap pengobatan ISPA pada anak. Desain penelitian yang digunakan ialah suatu literature review. Pencarian data melalui database Pubmed dan ScienceDirect dengan menggunakan kriteria PICOS. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan jenis antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan ialah golongan penisilin jenis amoksisilin (64%). Hasil tinjauan literatur dengan penilaian alur Gyssens mendapatkan Kategori V (30%), Kategori IIA (20%), Kategori 0 (15%), Kategori IIB (10%), Kategori IIIA (10%), Kategori IVD (5%), Kategori IVA (5%), dan Kategori IIC (5%) yang menunjukan penggunaan antibiotik secara tidak rasional. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah hasil seleksi alur Gyssens mendapatkan 65% irasional dan 35% rasional dalam penggunaan antibiotik. Kasus irasional banyak ditemukan dari ketidaktepatan diagnosis dan pemberian dosis diikuti ketidaktepatan durasi, interval dan rute pemberian antibiotik pada anak. Kejadian resistensi antibiotik akan terus meningkat bila penggunan secara irasional tidak tertangani. Kata kunci: rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik; peresepan antibiotik; antimikroba; infeksi saluran pernapasan akut; anak
HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA, INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES : A SCOPING REVIEW Angelina Stevany Regina Masengi; Elvira Yunita
Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): JUNI 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jkt.v5i2.28765

Abstract

Aktivitas pekerjaan di lingkungan dataran tinggi membuat individu mengalami hipoksia hipobarik dan tekanan atmosfer rendah, yang menyebabkan risiko kesehatan yang unik. Memahami dampak fisiologis dari tenaga kerja di ketinggian sangat penting untuk keselamatan pekerja. Ulasan cakupan ini melihat sifat bervariasi dari penelitian hipoksia hipobarik, menyoroti pentingnya dalam memahami respons fisiologis terhadap keadaan hipoksia. Dari 2019 hingga 2024, ekstensi Item Pelaporan Pilihan untuk Tinjauan Sistematis dan Meta-Analisis untuk Tinjauan Pelingkupan (PRISMA-ScR) digunakan untuk melakukan pencarian literatur di PubMed, Perpustakaan Online Wiley, dan publikasi terpilih. Enam puluh lima makalah yang berpotensi relevan ditemukan, 24 di antaranya memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Investigasi yang disertakan, yang diterbitkan antara 2020 dan 2023, mencakup 15 penelitian pada hewan dan dua studi pada manusia. Hipoksia hipobarik intermiten memiliki efek perlindungan pada tingkat molekuler dan fungsional pada 88,24% penyelidikan, terutama dalam hal penurunan indikator stres oksidatif. Penelitian pada manusia telah menunjukkan pelatihan hipoksia intermiten meningkatkan kinerja atletik dan fungsi hemodinamik. Penelitian pada hewan menunjukkan perubahan dalam karakteristik genetik, histologis, dan fungsional di bawah situasi hipoksia hipobarik yang berbeda. Sementara hipoksia hipobarik intermiten tampaknya melindungi fungsi tubuh, efek pada fungsi kognitif tetap tidak diketahui.
Regression Algorithms in Predicting the SARS-CoV-2 Replicase Polyprotein 1ab Inhibitor: A Comparative Study Sengkey, Daniel Febrian; Masengi, Angelina
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 6 No 1 (2024): January
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v6i1.338

Abstract

Due to its extensive steps and trials, drug discovery is a long and expensive process. In the last decade, as also hard pressed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the screening process could be assisted with the advancement in computational technology including the application of Machine Learning. The classification task in Machine Learning has become one of the major approaches for drug discovery. Unfortunately, this practice uses discretized labels that might lead to the loss of quantitative properties that could be meaningful. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to compare various Machine Learning regression algorithms in predicting inhibitory bioactivity, specifically the IC50 value, with the SARS-CoV-2 Replicase Polyprotein 1ab as the target. With 1,138 non-duplicated data downloaded from the ChEMBL database that was engineered into four dataset variances, 42 regression algorithms were utilized for the prediction. We found that there are computational challenges to the use of regression algorithms in predicting bioactivity, for only a handful and a specific dataset variance that returned valid performance parameters upon testing. The three that yielded the highest counts of valid performance parameters are the Histogram Gradient Boosting Regressor (HGBR), Light Gradient Boosting Machine Regressor (LGBR), and Random Forest Regression (RFR). Further statistical analyses show that there is no significant difference between these three algorithms, except for the time taken for training and testing the model, where the LGBR excels. Therefore, these three algorithms should be primarily considered for the study with the same nature.
Comparative Analysis of Hepatitis C virus Genotype 1a (Isolate 1) using Multiple Regression Algorithms and Fingerprinting Techniques Nur Fiat, Daffa; Suratinoyo, Syifabela; Kolang, Indri Claudia; Ticoalu, Injilia Tirza; Purnomo, Nadira Tri Ardianti; Mawara, Reza Michelly Cantika; Sengkey, Daniel; Masengi, Angelina Stevany Regina; Sambul, Alwin Melkie
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 6 No 4 (2024): October
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v6i4.506

Abstract

Approximately 70 million people worldwide have been infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV), presenting a critical global health challenge. As a member of the Flaviviridae family, HCV can cause severe liver diseases such as cirrhosis, acute hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis. The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome encodes a single polyprotein consisting of 3010 amino acids, which when processed contains 10 polypeptides derived from cellular and viral proteases. These include structural proteins such as core protein, E1 and E2 envelope glycoproteins, and nonstructural proteins such as NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B. Nonstructural proteins will be released by HCV NS2-3 and NS3-4A proteases, however, structural proteins will be released by host ER signaling peptidases. co-translationally and post-translationally form 10 individual structural proteins: 5'-C-E1-E2-p7-NS2-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B-3'. Despite extensive research, there are significant gaps in predictive and analytical approaches to managing HCV, particularly in understanding the polyprotein structure and its implications for drug discovery. This study addresses these gaps by employing machine learning techniques to analyze HCV polyprotein using various fingerprinting methods and regression algorithms. The data was sourced from the ChEMBL database, and fingerprinting techniques such as PubChem, MACCS, and E-State were utilized. Regression algorithms, including Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), AdaBoost Regression (ABR), and Hist Gradient Boosting Regression (HSR), were applied. Model performance was evaluated using R² and Adjusted R² metrics, comparing default models with those enhanced by hyperparameter tuning. Feature importance analysis was conducted to identify key features influencing model performance, aiding in model simplification. The results show that although hyperparameter tuning does not significantly improve the predictive power of a model, it can provide an insight into model optimization. In particular, the default model showed higher R² and Adjusted R² values across different fingerprinting techniques compared to models with hyperparameterized features. Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) consistently performed well, with GBR showing the highest R² values when using PubChem fingerprints. Although there was no significant improvement through hyperparameter tuning, this study was able to find out the features that strongly influenced the model performance by conducting a feature importance analysis. This analysis helped simplify the model and highlighted the potential of machine learning in improving the understanding of HCV polyprotein structure. This research identifies optimal regression models and fingerprinting techniques, providing a strong framework for future drug discovery efforts aimed at improving global health outcomes. The research also shows that it is important to date to advance drug discovery using machine learning.