Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Melawan Radikalisme di Media Sosial: Kampanye Moderasi Beragama Melalui Media Online di Indonesia Setia, Paelani; Haq, Mochamad Ziaul
FOCUS Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v4i1.6571

This paper will discuss online media sites implementing religious moderation campaigns in Indonesia. The case study in this paper is the online media Harakatuna.com. The research method is qualitative, collecting data through virtual ethnography or online observations of the Harakatuna.com media page and Harakatuna Media's Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook social media accounts. This research found that it is not appropriate if the religious moderation campaign has only been carried out through conventional methods such as seminars, recitations, and workshops. Therefore, Harakatuna.com is present as a campaign agent for religious moderation by taking a role in social media. Consequently, Harakatuna.com carries out counter-narrative radicalism by introducing peaceful religious moderation in Indonesia with digital methods such as webinars, scientific publications, and opinion writing. Furthermore, Harakatuna.com also carries out a counter-ideological role against the Khilafahism ideology that Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) echoes. Harakatuna.com carries out the counter-ideology through the Pancasila ideology campaign as the foundation of the nation and state by the values of religious teachings, including Islam. The roles carried out by Harakatuna.com are the actualization of the concept of a Cyber Islamic Environment, a new virtual world environment that can be used for the benefit of Muslims, one of which is the delivery of messages of religious moderation.

Maintaining Order in Religious Worship: Goffman's Perspective – A Review Article Ziaul Haq, Mochamad; Setia, Paelani
FOCUS Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v5i2.8892

Sociological studies on religion have predominantly focused on macro-sociological approaches, emphasizing structural-functional aspects or conflicts. Consequently, these studies often center on religious movements or organizations and their roles in religious life, neglecting the dynamics of social interaction in everyday religious practices. Such dynamics illustrate how individuals and groups actively shape their religious experiences. However, a different perspective has been offered by Christopher M. Donnelly and Bradley R.E. Wright, who examine religion using a micro-sociological approach, specifically symbolic interactionism. Their study focuses on the dynamics of interruptions during Christian worship services and how congregants respond to such disturbances to uphold the proper conduct of worship. These responses aim to maintain a “self-image” and safeguard the church's reputation, as conceptualized by Erving Goffman. This review aims to inspire similar explorations in other religious contexts.

From Kitab Kuning to Digital Content: The Political Theology of BIWALI Pesantren in the 2024 Regional Elections Ahmad, Ikhsan; Haq, Mochamad Ziaul
FOCUS Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v6i1.9397

This study aims to analyze how the traditional pesantren kobong Bintang Sembilan Wali (BIWALI) in Banten reconstructs Islamic political theology through digital media during the 2024 Simultaneous Regional Elections. The research addresses the urgency of understanding how religious institutions adapt to algorithmic political communication and navigate the blurred boundaries between dakwah and electoral propaganda. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the study combines online observation of BIWALI’s official social media accounts with literature analysis to examine the epistemological, sociological, and practical dimensions of digital dakwah content. The findings reveal three major insights: first, BIWALI transforms the authority of the kitab kuning into algorithmically shaped visual narratives; second, it uses moral dakwah as a strategic medium for political endorsement; and third, it triggers public polarization that challenges the singular authority of pesantren in digital discourse. These results suggest that pesantren have evolved into active political actors capable of shaping public opinion in the digital sphere. The research contributes to the fields of Islamic communication, digital religion, and political theology by showing how pesantren function as producers—not merely preservers—of Islamic discourse. Its originality lies in exploring pesantren kobong as algorithmic agents that reinterpret religious authority and communication ethics in the age of viral politics, offering a fresh theoretical and empirical perspective to the study of Islamic institutions in contemporary democracy.

Melawan Radikalisme di Media Sosial: Kampanye Moderasi Beragama Melalui Media Online di Indonesia Setia, Paelani; Haq, Mochamad Ziaul
FOCUS Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v4i1.6571

This paper will discuss online media sites implementing religious moderation campaigns in Indonesia. The case study in this paper is the online media Harakatuna.com. The research method is qualitative, collecting data through virtual ethnography or online observations of the Harakatuna.com media page and Harakatuna Media's Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook social media accounts. This research found that it is not appropriate if the religious moderation campaign has only been carried out through conventional methods such as seminars, recitations, and workshops. Therefore, Harakatuna.com is present as a campaign agent for religious moderation by taking a role in social media. Consequently, Harakatuna.com carries out counter-narrative radicalism by introducing peaceful religious moderation in Indonesia with digital methods such as webinars, scientific publications, and opinion writing. Furthermore, Harakatuna.com also carries out a counter-ideological role against the Khilafahism ideology that Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) echoes. Harakatuna.com carries out the counter-ideology through the Pancasila ideology campaign as the foundation of the nation and state by the values of religious teachings, including Islam. The roles carried out by Harakatuna.com are the actualization of the concept of a Cyber Islamic Environment, a new virtual world environment that can be used for the benefit of Muslims, one of which is the delivery of messages of religious moderation.

Maintaining Order in Religious Worship: Goffman's Perspective – A Review Article Ziaul Haq, Mochamad; Setia, Paelani
FOCUS Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v5i2.8892

Sociological studies on religion have predominantly focused on macro-sociological approaches, emphasizing structural-functional aspects or conflicts. Consequently, these studies often center on religious movements or organizations and their roles in religious life, neglecting the dynamics of social interaction in everyday religious practices. Such dynamics illustrate how individuals and groups actively shape their religious experiences. However, a different perspective has been offered by Christopher M. Donnelly and Bradley R.E. Wright, who examine religion using a micro-sociological approach, specifically symbolic interactionism. Their study focuses on the dynamics of interruptions during Christian worship services and how congregants respond to such disturbances to uphold the proper conduct of worship. These responses aim to maintain a “self-image” and safeguard the church's reputation, as conceptualized by Erving Goffman. This review aims to inspire similar explorations in other religious contexts.

From Kitab Kuning to Digital Content: The Political Theology of BIWALI Pesantren in the 2024 Regional Elections Ahmad, Ikhsan; Haq, Mochamad Ziaul
FOCUS Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v6i1.9397

This study aims to analyze how the traditional pesantren kobong Bintang Sembilan Wali (BIWALI) in Banten reconstructs Islamic political theology through digital media during the 2024 Simultaneous Regional Elections. The research addresses the urgency of understanding how religious institutions adapt to algorithmic political communication and navigate the blurred boundaries between dakwah and electoral propaganda. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the study combines online observation of BIWALI’s official social media accounts with literature analysis to examine the epistemological, sociological, and practical dimensions of digital dakwah content. The findings reveal three major insights: first, BIWALI transforms the authority of the kitab kuning into algorithmically shaped visual narratives; second, it uses moral dakwah as a strategic medium for political endorsement; and third, it triggers public polarization that challenges the singular authority of pesantren in digital discourse. These results suggest that pesantren have evolved into active political actors capable of shaping public opinion in the digital sphere. The research contributes to the fields of Islamic communication, digital religion, and political theology by showing how pesantren function as producers—not merely preservers—of Islamic discourse. Its originality lies in exploring pesantren kobong as algorithmic agents that reinterpret religious authority and communication ethics in the age of viral politics, offering a fresh theoretical and empirical perspective to the study of Islamic institutions in contemporary democracy.

Ontological–Metaphysical Hatred in Existential Crisis and Modern Conflict Transformation Welem Novi Watunglawar; Mochamad Ziaul Haq
FOCUS Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/qzrd1h79

This study aims to construct an ontological–metaphysical understanding of hatred as an existential wound of modern humanity and to reconstruct John Galtung’s ABC conflict model (Attitude–Behavior–Contradiction) through a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. This study is important because previous studies on hatred have primarily understood it as a psychological, moral, or socio-political phenomenon. Consequently, those studies have not adequately explored the ontological and metaphysical roots that generate hatred in modern life. This study employs a qualitative–interpretive approach grounded in hermeneutic phenomenology. The research data derive from philosophical, metaphysical, and conflict studies texts, which the study analyzes through reflective, interpretive, and dialogical readings of the thoughts of Martin Heidegger, Gabriel Marcel, Søren Kierkegaard, Frithjof Schuon, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Meister Eckhart, and John Galtung. The findings demonstrate that hatred constitutes a manifestation of the fragmentation of consciousness, ego domination, and humanity’s disconnection from the wholeness and sacredness of reality. Hatred operates simultaneously at the levels of existential attitude, social behavior, and structural contradiction, thereby revealing that modern social conflict reflects a crisis of human existence itself. This study argues that sustainable conflict transformation requires the ontological restoration of human beings through relational openness, spiritual awareness, and the recovery of the sacred dimension of life. The implications of this study expand conflict and peace studies from a structural approach toward an ontological–metaphysical perspective. The originality of this study lies in its integration of phenomenology, spiritual metaphysics, and conflict theory in interpreting the essence of hatred as an existential wound of modern humanity.

Islamic Art at the Crossroads of Modernity: Aesthetic and Spiritual Interpretations in the Works of Ahmad Sadali and A.D. Pirous in Indonesia Renatha Aisya Nazwanindya; Mochamad Ziaul Haq; Yacobus Ari Respati; Henrycus Napitsunargo
FOCUS Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/pzpxe735

This study examines how contemporary Indonesian Islamic painting functions as a medium of spiritual reflection and as an intellectual project that negotiates Islamic tradition with global modernity. Focusing on the works of Ahmad Sadali and A.D. Pirous, the study responds to an academic concern regarding the persistent fragmentation in Islamic art scholarship among aesthetic, symbolic, and philosophical approaches, as well as the limited comparative readings of Indonesian Muslim artists within the global discourse of Islamic art. Employing a qualitative approach with an interpretive-analytical research design, the study collects data through direct observation of artworks at the exhibition Seabad Sadali: Menjejak Bumi Menembus Langit at Selasar Sunaryo Art Gallery and through visits to Studio Galeri Serambi Pirous, complemented by a literature review of theoretical works and previous studies on Islamic art, abstraction, calligraphy, and visual theology. The findings demonstrate that Ahmad Sadali and A.D. Pirous represent two distinct yet complementary aesthetic strategies within modern Indonesian Islamic painting. Sadali articulates tawḥīd through a quiet and contemplative mode of symbolic abstraction, whereas Pirous advances the deconstruction of calligraphy and heightened visual intensity as a dialogical expression of spiritual anxiety and faith. Together, their works affirm that Islamic painting does not operate merely as decorative art, but functions as a practice of visual theology—a mode of Islamic thinking enacted through symbols, color, and spatial composition. The implications of this study underscore the importance of visual art as an integral part of contemporary Islamic intellectual tradition, while also opening pathways for the development of more inclusive approaches to Islamic art education, curatorial practice, and public dialogue. The originality of this research lies in its comparative reading of Sadali and Pirous as an intellectual project of Indonesian Islamic art, positioning Indonesia not as a peripheral case but as a reflective and active contributor to the global discourse on Islamic art.

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