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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

Bioremediation of Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) Wastes using Lipolitic Bacteria (Bacillus cereus) with Variation of Inoculum Volume Maria Lusia; Nuni Gofar; Hary Widjajanti
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (325.782 KB) | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2018.3.1.35-40

Abstract

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is a solid waste was generated from the CPO refining step into cooking oil. SBE that was discharged directly into the environment has the potential to pollute the environment, because in the SBE waste contained oil and acid residues, which are easily to be oxidized and flammable. Therefore, SBE must be processed first before being discharged into the environment. One way to manage SBE is by bioremediation. Bioremediation is a method on cleaning the environment from contaminants by using biological agents, such as bacteria, fungi etc. The bacterial isolates used in this study were Bacillus cereus. This study aims to obtain the best inoculum and to know the ability of Bacillus cereus bacteria in degrading the oil content in SBE waste. This study used Completely Randomized Design with the volume of Bacillus cereus bacteria inoculum as a treatment, consisting of 6 treatment levels of 0 mL kg-1, 25 mL kg-1, 50 mL kg-1, 75 mL kg-1, 100 mL kg-1, 125 mL kg-1. Each treatment level was repeated 3 times, so taht 18 experimental units were obtained. Observation was done once a week, in a month. Parameters observed were bacterial population, percentage of oil degradation, and oil content degradation. The best treatment result for the bacterial population was obtained at the treatment of 100 mL kg-1, at week 4 which was 7,4 x 108 cfu g-1, and for the oil degradation was obtained at 50 mL kg-1 on the treatment at week 4 as big as 90,43%.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Endophytic Fungi Extracts of Syzygium zeylanicum Syarifah; Elfita; Hary Widjajanti; Arum Setiawan; Alfia Rahma Kurniawati
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3153.545 KB) | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2022.7.3.303-312

Abstract

Syzygium zeylanicum, one of the other therapeutic plants found in Indonesia, is used to treat various ailments, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, arthritis, antidiabetic, mosquitocidal, antitumor, and anti-rheumatic agents. The massive use of plant extracts has caused the development of isolation of bioactive compounds thru their endophytic. The present research aimed to obtain endophytic fungal isolates from the stem bark and leaves of Jambu nasi-nasi (S. zeylanicum) and analyze endophytic fungal extracts’ antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Endophyte identification was performed morphologically, and isolates with high biological activity were molecularly characterized. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH method. In total, 10 endophytic fungi were isolated and identified as Phialemonium sp. (Code SZT3), Acremonium sp. (Code SZT4), Trichoderma aureoviridae (Code SZT5), Trichoderma koningi (Code SZT7), Phytium torulosum (Code SZL1), Phytium zingiberum (Code SZL2), Septonema sp. (Code SZL3), Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae (Code SZL4), Volutella cilliata (SZL5), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Code SZL7). Isolate SZL4 gave activity the highest antioxidant (IC50 = 3.30 ????g/mL) and strong antibacterial activity against four pathogens bacterial (S. thypi, B. subtilis, S. aureus, and E. coli). The potential endophytic fungi based on molecular analysis was Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae with accession number OK668257. These endophytic fungi can be developed into new sources of antibacterial and antioxidant bioactive compounds through further studies.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Fruit of Sungkai (Peronema canescens) Oktiansyah, Rian; Widjajanti, Hary; Setiawan, Arum; Elfita
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.1.17-27

Abstract

Peronema canescens, often known as sungkai, is widely used and can be found all around Indonesia. The public believes that the leaves may reduce fever and strengthen the immune system. However, the effectiveness of sungkai fruit has not been thoroughly investigated. In this research, we looked at endophytic fungus extracts from sungkai fruit’s that have antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The study’s results will serve as the foundation for further investigation into the development of potential natural chemicals with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Morphologically, the endophytic fungi isolated from sungkai fruit were identified. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of endophytic fungal extracts were studied using the DPPH technique and the paper disk diffusion method. By employing molecular identification and column chromatography to separate the active compounds, the most likely endophytic fungal isolates were found based on the results of the bioactivity tests. Using 1D NMR spectroscopic methods, the chemical’s structure was determined, and the results were compared to NMR data for the same compound published in the literature. Fruit of sungkai had 8 strains of endophytic fungus (RBH1-RBH8). Strong antibacterial and very strong antioxidant activity were shown by the RBH5 isolate (IC50 < 20 μg/mL). Pythium periplocum was determined to be the RBH5 isolate based on molecular testing. Pure chemical compound extracted from RBH5 isolates shown highly potent and potent antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The chemical compound was identified by spectroscopy as 3-hydroxy-4(hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-γ-butyrolactone. The results of this study serve as the foundation for developing compounds as pharmaceutical raw materials via further research phases.
Combination Effect of Extracts and Pure Compounds of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Sungkai (Peronema canescens) Leaves on Antioxidant Activity Elfita; Oktiansyah, Rian; Mardiyanto; Setiawan, Arum; Widjajanti, Hary
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.1.69-76

Abstract

Endophytic fungi extracts have various biological and pharmacological activities as natural antioxidants which have the potential to be developed in the pharmaceutical. Drugs made from natural substances frequently work best when they are present in large quantities. This may result in unfavorable side effects from using more of one substance at a time. This limitation can be overcome by using a combination of the extracts/pure compounds that allow synergistic interactions with strong antioxidant properties at fairly low concentrations. The purpose of this research was to determine the combined effect of endophytic fungi extracts and its pure compounds on their antioxidant activity. This research was initiated by rejuvenating eight selected endophytic fungal isolates from Sungkai leaves and morphological characterization was carried out. Each fungus was cultivated in PDB medium for 4 weeks under statistical conditions. Ethyl acetate was used to extract the endophytic fungi’s liquid culture, which was then evaporated. Each endophytic fungal extract (PD1-PD8) and their five pure compounds were tested for antioxidant activity by the DPPH method. Then a combination of two and three extracts was carried out with a ratio of 1:1. The results show that the interaction of the mixture of endophytic fungi extracts and their pure compounds can be classified as synergistic (combined effect of the extracts > individual effects), additive (combined effect of the extracts = individual effect), and nothing is antagonistic (combined effect of the extracts < individual effects). The best combination in this study was PD4+PD5+PD6 (1:1:1) which could be used as a formula for further research into in vivo immunostimulant tests. Another conclusion from this research is that the pure compounds contained in the extracts have lower antioxidant activity than the extracts and do not have a synergistic effect on the combination.
Bioactivity of Endophytic Fungi Isolates from Syzygium malaccense Twigs Hapida, Yustina; Widjajanti, Hary; Salni; Habisukan, Ummi Hiras; Alfarado, Daniel; Elfita
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.448-456

Abstract

Searching for medicinal raw materials derived from the isolation of secondary metabolite compounds is still being carried out to cure a range of illnesses, including infections and degenerative diseases caused by bacteria and free radicals. This research used endophytic fungi extract from the twig of Syzygium malaccense. The diffusion method was used for antibacterial activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used for antioxidant activity. Chemical compound was identified by using NMR spectroscopic method. This research found 5 isolate of endophytic fungi from twig of S. malaccense (YR1 – YR5). Strong antibacterial and antioxidant activity were showed by YR5. Based on molecular identification, YR5 was Fusarium verticillioides. Pure compound prodeced by endophytic fungi F. verticilloides was naphthalene (3-methoxy-7 methylnaphthalene-1,6-diol). This finding can be used as a basis for drug development.
Biodiversity and Analysis of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Extracts Isolated from Mangrove Avicennia marina Noviyanto; Widjajanti, Hary; Elfita
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.1.139-151

Abstract

Avicennia marina, a mangrove species commonly found along coastal areas, plays both ecological and pharmacological roles, with its plant parts exhibiting antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of endophytic fungi from various organs of A. marina collected from mangrove ecosystems and to explore and analyze their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots, stems, and fruits of A. marina using PDA medium and were morphologically identified. Each fungal isolate was cultivated in PDB medium for 4 weeks under static conditions, followed by extraction to obtain concentrated extracts. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities were assessed using the DPPH method and disk diffusion assay. A total of 23 fungal isolates were obtained from the roots, stems, and fruits of A. marina. The identification results showed that the root isolates had the highest genus diversity, followed by the stem and fruit isolates. The highest distribution of antioxidant and antibacterial activities was observed in the endophytic fungal extracts from fruits, followed by those from roots and stems. Notably, the majority of the 23 endophytic fungal extracts exhibited strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Isolates AMF3 and AMF6showed the most potent antioxidant activity, classified as very strong, with IC50 values below 20 ug/mL. Morphological identification revealed AMF3 as Neopestalotiopsis sp. and AMF6 as Aspergillus niger. This study highlights the potential of Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Aspergillus niger endophytic fungi from A. marina fruits as sources of natural antioxidant and antibacterial compounds, offering valuable insights for biotechnological applications of mangrove-associated endophytes.
Antidiabetic Activity of Endophytic Fungi Extract from Leaves of Kembang bulan (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray) Through α-Amylase Enzyme Inhibition Putri, Hanindita Alifia; Elisa Nurnawati; Widjajanti, Hary
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.2.350-359

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem with an increasing number of sufferers. In this context, an important method for controlling blood sugar levels is the derivation of α-amylase enzyme inhibitors from natural materials such as endophytic fungi. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the potential of endophytic fungi from Tithonia diversifolia leaves as α-amylase enzyme inhibitors, secondary metabolites, as well as the character and identity of potential endophytic fungi. The stages included isolation and identification of endophytic fungi, extraction of secondary metabolites, α-amylase inhibition tests, analysis of bioactive compounds using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and identification of potential endophytic fungi. The results showed that DT3J1 (67.83 µg/mL), DM3J1 (69.36 µg/mL), DT2J2 (80.42 µg/mL), and DT4J1 (88.64 µg/mL) of the eight endophytic fungi isolates reported high potential as inhibitors of the α-amylase enzyme, with IC50 values ​classified as strong. Potential fungal extracts contain bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids. Meanwhile, molecular identification showed that potential endophytic fungi consisted of Curvularia pseudointermedia, Diaporthe passifloricola, Nodulisporium verrucosum, and Muyocopron laterale species. This research also provided scientific evidence on the potential of the endophytic fungus Tithonia diversifolia as a candidate for antidiabetic drugs.