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Antihypertensive Effect of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp., Myrtaceae) Sukrasno, Sukrasno; Anggadiredja, Kusnandar; Dudi, Dudi; Suciatmo, Afifah B.
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol 38, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp., Myrtaceae) has been recently widely used as traditional medicine in addition to its conventional use as seasoning in cooking. Ethanol insoluble fraction of water extract has been tested for its antihypertensive activity. Bay leaf extract tested in this experiment significantly decreased systole and diastole of rat after being induced with ephinephrine compared to control at 36 mg/kg bw (p < 0.01). At 9 mg/kg decreased systole significantly (p< 0.05) but the decrease of diastole was not significant (p < 0.05), while at 18 mg/kg bw the decrease of systole and diastole were both not significant (p < 0.05). The major component of the extract has been isolated and partially identified by UV and IR spectrophotometry and GC-MS, and it is more likely to be a substituted catechin monomer.Keywords: Syzygium polyanthum, ethanol insoluble aqueous extract, antihypertensive activity.AbstrakSelain digunakan secara konvensional sebagai bumbu masak, daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp., Myrtaceae) juga banyak digunakan secara luas sebagai tanaman obat tradisional. Telah dilakukan pengujian aktifitas antihipertensi pada fraksi tidak larut etanol dari ekstrak air daun salam. Ekstrak daun salam yang diujikan pada percobaan ini secara signifikan dapat menurunkan tekanan sistol dan diastol dari tikus yang telah diinduksi oleh epinefrin, dibandingkan dengan tikus kontrol pada 36 mg/kg bb (p< 0,01). Pada konsentrasi 9 mg/kg bb terlihat dapat menurunkan tekanan sistol secara signifikan (p> 0,05), namun tidak menurunkan tekanan diastol secara signifikan (p < 0,05). Sedangkan pada konsentrasi 18 mg/kg bb, penurunan tekanan sistol dan diastol tidak menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (p < 0,05). Komponen utama dari ekstrak telah berhasil diisolasi dan dilakukan identifikasi sebagian menggunakan spektrofotometer UV, spektrofotometer inframerah, dan KG-SM. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan kemiripan dengan monomer katekin yang tersubstitusi.Kata kunci: Syzygium polyanthum, ekstrak air tidak larut etanol, aktifitas antihipertensi.

Synthesis of Structured Triglycerides Based on Canarium Oil for Food Application Sitompul, Johnner; Gusdinar, Tutus; Anggadiredja, Kusnandar; Rahman, Hamidah; Tursino, Tursino
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 50, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

This paper concerns the synthesis of structured triglycerides containing different proportions and positions from medium- (M) and long-chain (L) fatty acids on a glycerol backbone. Structured triglycerides of MLM type were synthesized by utilizing canarium oil and incorporating caprylic acid (C8:0) as a source for the medium chain (M) fatty acids. Synthesis was performed through a two-step enzymatic reaction, with ethanolysis as the first step and esterification as the second step. Both reactions use the sn-1,3 specific lipase as a catalyst, which has specific activity at positions sn-1 and sn-3 of the triglyceride structure. The results from high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the stereospecific distribution of fatty acids in the structured triglyceride was 29.52Â±0.59 and 44.28Â±0.88 mol% of caprylic acid in the positions of sn-1,2,3 and sn-1,3, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of the physicochemical properties of both the native canarium oil and the structured triglycerides using an independent-sample t-test at p < 0.05 indicated that the two samples were significantly different for saponification number, iodium number, and average molecular weight. The results of this study showed that canarium oil can be exploited as a starting material for functional food application.

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) DENGAN INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION (IPE) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN TENAGA KESEHATAN TENTANG KONTRASEPSI ORAL DAN SUNTIK DI KOTA BANDUNG Kusuma, Ikhwan Yuda; Nuari, Doni Anshar; Anggadiredja, Kusnandar
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 16, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v16i2.9175

The drop out rate of contraceptive use in Indonesia until 2016 still high at 25.7% of the government's target of 24%, this the optimization of the performance of health personnel should be improved, especially regarding health personnel knowledge about the use of oral and contraceptives which is the largest user in the city of Bandung. One of the efforts to improve the quality of family planning programs, through increasing the competence of health workers called Interprofessional Education (IPE). The purpose of this study was to identify the level of knowledge of health personnel at the health center regarding oral and injection contraceptives between professions with IPE in Bandung. This research used an experimental method with the type of group pre-posttest design. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank test from a questionnaire on health personnel's knowledge about oral and injection contraceptives on IPE before, and after Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results showed there was an increase in the level of knowledge in 152 health personnel, a decrease in the level of knowledge in 5 health personnel, and no change in the four health personnel. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) through Interprofessional Education (IPE) was proven to significantly increase knowledge about oral contraceptives and injections on health personnel at the Health Center.

NICOTINE ALTERS CAFFEINE BEHAVIORAL DEPENDENCE PATTERN: A STUDY OF CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE Pramastya, Hegar; Anggadiredja, Kusnandar
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol 36, No 3 & 4 (2011)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Caffeine and nicotine are widely used addictive substances in the world. Several studies have confirmed that nicotine could increase the caffeine intake. Animal studies also indicated that nicotine could enhance caffeine dependence behavior especially with low doses of caffeine. However, study about the behavioral interaction of caffeine and nicotine with its effect on reinstatement is still limited. This experiment was conducted for studying the interaction between nicotine and caffeine in terms of their dependence behaviors. Conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm was used for establishing the dependence model. Forced swim test (FST) was carried out to observe any effect of caffeine and its combination with nicotine on depressive signs. A lower dose of caffeine (5 mg/kg) induced preference behavior. However, high dose of caffeine (50 mg/kg) stimulated aversive behavior indicated by decreasing preference score. Nicotine injection had no significant effect on the lower dose of caffeine. However at the high dose of caffeine, 0.7 mg/kg of nicotine i.p reduced the aversive behavior and changed the extinction-relapse behavioral pattern resulted from 50 mg/kg of caffeine. Moreover, high dose of caffeine (50 mg/kg i.p) resulted in anxiety behavior and also hyperkinesia shown by lower immobility time in FST. Nicotine injection prior to the high dose of caffeine reduced the anxiety-hyperkinesia manifestation. The result from the current study suggests that nicotine could alter the expression of behavioral manifestation of caffeine, especially with the higher dose of caffeine.

Hubungan Tingkat Kemandirian (Basic dan Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) dengan Pendidikan, Status Marital, dan Demensia pada Lansia di Panti Wredha Fitriana, Lisna Anisa; Ufamy, Nazhifa; Anggadiredja, Kusnandar; Setiawan, Setiawan; Adnyana, I Ketut
JURNAL PENDIDIKAN KEPERAWATAN INDONESIA Vol 5, No 2 (2019): Vol 5, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/jpki.v5i2.21528

ABSTRAKPenurunan daya ingat dan ketidakmampuan dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari menjadi salah satu alasan lansia dikirim ke panti wredha. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor demografi dan demensia dengan kemandirian lansia dalam memenuhi aktivitas dasar dan instrumental di panti wredha. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner BADL (Basic Activities of Daily Living), IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), dan MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination). Sampel penelitian berjumlah 166 lansia berusia 60 tahun yang tinggal di 3 panti wredha Bandung dan Garut. Analisa data menggunakan uji independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lansia yang ada di panti wredha 65,1% mandiri dalam BADL dan 51,8% mandiri dalam IADL, 109 orang (65,7%) mengalami demensia, 118 orang (71,1%) adalah wanita, 142 orang (85,5%) berpendidikan rendah, dan 153 orang (92,2%) tidak menikah. Analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kemandirian (BADL dan IADL) dengan pendidikan, status marital, dan demensia pada lansia di panti wredha (p0,05). Upaya yang komprehensif perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian lansia khususnya yang ada di panti wredha.Â ABSTRACTÂ Cognitive impairment and inability to do activities of daily living being the reasons for elderly to transferring in the nursing homes. The purpose of this study was to determine association of demographic factors and dementia with the independence of the elderly to fulfill basic and instrumental activities in nursing homes. The design of this study was cross-sectional. Data collection tools using BADL (Basic Activities of Daily Living), IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), and MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) questionnaires. The research sample of 166 elderly aged 60 years who live in 3 nursing homes in Bandung and Garut. Data analysis uses an independent sample t-test. The results showed that the elderly in nursing homes 65.1% were independent in BADL and 51.8% were independent in IADL, 109 people (65.7%) suffered dementia, 118 people (71.1%) were women, 142 people (85.5% ) have low education, and 153 people (92.2%) are not married. The analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between BADL and IADL with education, marital status, and dementia in the elderly in nursing homes (p 0.05). Comprehensive treatment needs to improve the independence of the elderly especially in nursing homes.

KAJIAN KOMPOSISI KIMIA, NILAI NUTRISI, DAN ETNOFARMAKOLOGIS TANAMAN GENUS KENARI Hamidah Rahman Rahman; Kusnandar Anggadiredja; Tutus Gusdinar; Johnner P Sitompul; A R Ryadin
Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia Vol 6, No 1 (2019): JURNAL FITOFARMAKA INDONESIA
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

One species of canarium genus is Canarium indicum L which is an original plant from Indonesia. Utilization of some canarium nut species which spread around the world had been recognized, such as a source of nutritious food as well as its potency as raw material of medicine based on evidence-based scientific. In traditional medicine, was reported if canarium nut had been used for diabetes mellitus treatment, angina, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, expectorant, etc. This article aims to review the chemical composition, nutrient values, and potency of canarium nut as the raw material of medicine. Scientific data were obtained from online search results. From the searching was found that at least eight species of canarium nut reported which is related to chemical composition and its nutrition which also provide ethnopharmacological benefits. Overall results, all identified canarium nut species have a favorable chemical composition and nutritional values that can be utilized as functional, nutritional and medicinal food. Therefore, the result of this study also indicates if the canarium nut from Indonesia, C. indicum L., has not been thoroughly studied. That indicates by the lack of scientific paper which presented about C. indicum from Indonesia.

Synthesis of Structured Triglycerides Based on Canarium Oil for Food Application Johnner Sitompul; Tutus Gusdinar; Kusnandar Anggadiredja; Hamidah Rahman; Tursino Tursino
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 50 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2018.50.1.6

This paper concerns the synthesis of structured triglycerides containing different proportions and positions from medium- (M) and long-chain (L) fatty acids on a glycerol backbone. Structured triglycerides of MLM type were synthesized by utilizing canarium oil and incorporating caprylic acid (C8:0) as a source for the medium chain (M) fatty acids. Synthesis was performed through a two-step enzymatic reaction, with ethanolysis as the first step and esterification as the second step. Both reactions use the sn-1,3 specific lipase as a catalyst, which has specific activity at positions sn-1 and sn-3 of the triglyceride structure. The results from high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the stereospecific distribution of fatty acids in the structured triglyceride was 29.52±0.59 and 44.28±0.88 mol% of caprylic acid in the positions of sn-1,2,3 and sn-1,3, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of the physicochemical properties of both the native canarium oil and the structured triglycerides using an independent-sample t-test at p < 0.05 indicated that the two samples were significantly different for saponification number, iodium number, and average molecular weight. The results of this study showed that canarium oil can be exploited as a starting material for functional food application.

Demographic Factors and Disease History Associated with Dementia among Elderly in Nursing Homes Lisna Anisa Fitriana; Nazhifa Ufamy; Kusnandar Anggadiredja; Linda Amalia; Setiawan Setiawan; I Ketut Adnyana
Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran
Publisher : Faculty of Nursing Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jkp.v8i2.1361

Dementia is increasing in the world which is a major cause of disability and dependence in the elderly. This causes the elderly can not do their daily activities so often live in a nursing home. It is important to know the factors associated with dementia to prevent and treat dementia with appropriate interventions. The objective of this study was to identify the demographic factors and disease history associated with dementia among elderly in nursing homes. The research method was cross sectional study. Sample were recruited from three nursing homes located in Bandung and Garut using purposive sampling technique for a-3 month period (n=163). Data were collected using questionnaire consisting of demographic data, disease history, and MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination). The analysis of data was performed using chi-square test, fisher test, and logistic regression analysis. In term of its association with dementia, low education had the higher odd ratio (OR: 5.90, 95% CI: 2.02-17.20, p=0.001) than unmarried status (OR: 4.78, 95% CI: 1.23-18.52, p=0.024) and stroke (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06-0.88, p=0.032). However, diabetes mellitus was identified as confounding variable (OR: 0.10, 95%CI: 0.01-1.01, p=0.051). In conclusion, low education, unmarried status, stroke, and diabetes mellitus were predictor factors of dementia among elderly in nursing homes. It is recommended to include effective treatment could be in the form of health education about management of stroke and diabetes, physical activity, improvement of nutritional adequate, and social activities to prevent loneliness.

Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan Interprofessional Education (IPE) sebagai Alternatif Peningkatan Pengetahuan Tenaga Kesehatan tentang Kontrasepsi Oral dan Suntik di Kota Bandung Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma; Doni Anshar Nuari; Kusnandar Anggadiredja
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 16, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v16i2.9175

The drop out rate of contraceptive use in Indonesia until 2016 still high at 25.7% of the government's target of 24%, this the optimization of the performance of health personnel should be improved, especially regarding health personnel knowledge about the use of oral and contraceptives which is the largest user in the city of Bandung. One of the efforts to improve the quality of family planning programs, through increasing the competence of health workers called Interprofessional Education (IPE). The purpose of this study was to identify the level of knowledge of health personnel at the health center regarding oral and injection contraceptives between professions with IPE in Bandung. This research used an experimental method with the type of group pre-posttest design. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank test from a questionnaire on health personnel's knowledge about oral and injection contraceptives on IPE before, and after Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results showed there was an increase in the level of knowledge in 152 health personnel, a decrease in the level of knowledge in 5 health personnel, and no change in the four health personnel. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) through Interprofessional Education (IPE) was proven to significantly increase knowledge about oral contraceptives and injections on health personnel at the Health Center.

Nicotine Alters Caffeine Behavioral Dependence Pattern: A Study of Conditioned Place Preference Hegar Pramastya; Kusnandar Anggadiredja
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol. 36 No. 3 & 4 (2011)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Caffeine and nicotine are widely used addictive substances in the world. Several studies have confirmed that nicotine could increase the caffeine intake. Animal studies also indicated that nicotine could enhance caffeine dependence behavior especially with low doses of caffeine. However, study about the behavioral interaction of caffeine and nicotine with its effect on reinstatement is still limited. This experiment was conducted for studying the interaction between nicotine and caffeine in terms of their dependence behaviors. Conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm was used for establishing the dependence model. Forced swim test (FST) was carried out to observe any effect of caffeine and its combination with nicotine on depressive signs. A lower dose of caffeine (5 mg/kg) induced preference behavior. However, high dose of caffeine (50 mg/kg) stimulated aversive behavior indicated by decreasing preference score. Nicotine injection had no significant effect on the lower dose of caffeine. However at the high dose of caffeine, 0.7 mg/kg of nicotine i.p reduced the aversive behavior and changed the extinction-relapse behavioral pattern resulted from 50 mg/kg of caffeine. Moreover, high dose of caffeine (50 mg/kg i.p) resulted in anxiety behavior and also hyperkinesia shown by lower immobility time in FST. Nicotine injection prior to the high dose of caffeine reduced the anxiety-hyperkinesia manifestation. The result from the current study suggests that nicotine could alter the expression of behavioral manifestation of caffeine, especially with the higher dose of caffeine.

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