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Studi Pengolahan Air Limbah Batik pada Skala Industri Rumah Tangga dan Usaha Kecil Menengah di Cirebon, Indonesia Diyah, Nazuwatussya’; Ratuannisa, Tyar; Ekawati, Estiyanti; Yulia, Elfi; Purwasasmita, Bambang Sunendar; Nugraha, Ashari Budi
Dampak Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.20.1.8-15.2023

Abstract

Since the admission of batik as a world cultural heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the public interest in batik and the batik industry has been increasing. However, the problem arises when the development of the batik industry is not accompanied by batik wastewater treatment that fits the wastewater quality standard. Hence it causes environmental pollution, especially for the aquatic body. This paper discusses the conditions and awareness for batik wastewater treatment in the batik industry on household and small-to-medium scales in Plered District, Cirebon, Indonesia. It examines the pollutant load of batik wastewater in the area, the respondent's knowledge about wastewater processing systems, wastewater impact on the environment, and the need for education about batik wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The examination of wastewater samples showed that batik wastewater did not meet the waste quality standards and potentially harmed the environment. The respondents generally use synthetic dyes, and were unaware of its impact on the surrounding environment. Keyword: batik, WWTPs, batik production process, dye, wastewater impact  ABSTRAK Sejak ditetapkannya batik sebagai warisan budaya dunia oleh United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, minat masyarakat terhadap batik dan industri batik semakin meningkat. Namun permasalahan muncul ketika pengembangan industri batik tidak dibarengi dengan pengolahan air limbah batik yang sesuai dengan baku mutu air limbah. Oleh karena itu menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan, terutama untuk badan air. Tulisan ini membahas tentang kondisi dan kesadaran pengolahan air limbah batik pada industri batik skala rumah tangga dan kecil-menengah di Kecamatan Plered, Cirebon, Indonesia. Kajian ini mengkaji beban polutan air limbah batik di wilayah tersebut, pengetahuan responden tentang sistem pengolahan air limbah, dampak air limbah terhadap lingkungan, dan perlunya penyuluhan tentang Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) batik. Pemeriksaan sampel air limbah menunjukkan bahwa air limbah batik tidak memenuhi baku mutu limbah dan berpotensi merusak lingkungan. Responden umumnya menggunakan pewarna sintetis, dan tidak mengetahui dampaknya terhadap lingkungan sekitar. Kata kunci: COD, elektrokoagulasi, elektroda aluminium, air limbah tahu, monopolar.      
ADDITION OF RICE HUSK NANOCELLULOSE TO THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF RESIN BASE HEAT CURED Hasran, Muhammad Aditya Ramadhan; Imam, Dian Noviyanti Agus; Sunendar, Bambang
Journal of Vocational Health Studies Vol. 4 No. 3 (2021): March 2021 | JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL HEALTH STUDIES
Publisher : Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jvhs.V4.I3.2021.119-124

Abstract

Background: One of the materials for denture bases is heat-cured acrylic resin (PMMA). This material still lacks impact strength as a mechanical strength property. The addition of reinforcing material is known to increase the mechanical strength of PMMA. One of the reinforcing materials added to PMMA is nano cellulose from rice husks, one of the wastes from agricultural products. Purpose: This study aims to determine rice husk nano cellulose's addition to the PMMA denture base's impact strength. Method:  The research sample consisted of six groups, each group consisting of 8 samples selected by simple random. The PI, P2, P3, P4, P5, and K groups were PMMA with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% nano cellulose, and without nano cellulose. Result: Mean impact strength test results were 41.50 x 10-3 ± 3.891 J / mm2 for P1, 44.13 x 10-3 ± 3,980 J / mm2 for P2, 45.63 x 10-3 ± 4,438 J / mm2 for P3, 46.87 x 10-3 ± 4,824 J / mm2 for P4, 49.12 x 10-3 ± 4.016 J / mm2 for P5 and 36.25 x 10-3 ± 1.982 J / mm2 for K. One way Anova test results with p-value of 0.000 indicates differences in the six groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that the impact strength value of PMMA with the addition of rice husk nano cellulose has increased compared to the control group without the addition of rice husk nano cellulose.
Characterization and Drug Release Evaluation of Chlorhexidine-Encapsulated Silica Nanoparticles for Potential Root Canal Disinfection Rakhmawati, Widya; Harmaji, Andrie; Djati, Fanni Kusuma; Sunendar, Bambang
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The failure of root canal treatments is often attributed to bacterial invasion of the dentinal tubules, where pathogens can persist and complicate healing. Chlorhexidine digluconate, a potent antimicrobial agent, has been widely utilized for its broad-spectrum antibacterial effects. However, challenges remain in achieving efficient distribution and sustained release within the root canal system. This study investigates the encapsulation of chlorhexidine digluconate within silica nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery system that is aimed at improving root canal treatment outcomes. Silica nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method and subsequently immersed in a 2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution for 15 to 30 minutes to achieve encapsulation. The resulting materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. SEM analysis revealed particle sizes in the range of 80–150 nm for nanoparticles aged for 15 minutes and in the range of 250–350 nm for those aged for 30 minutes. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups characteristic of silica, chitosan, and sodium alginate, indicating successful encapsulation. The UV–Vis spectrophotometry demonstrated that silica nanoparticles aged for 30 minutes exhibited a more stable and controlled release of chlorhexidine digluconate (0.08 ppm) over a 60-minute period. This study presents a novel approach for enhancing root canal treatment, in which silica nanoparticles are utilized for controlled drug delivery. Additionally, the study shows that longer aging times may offer improved stability and efficacy in sustained antimicrobial action. The findings suggest that the use of silica-encapsulated chlorhexidine nanoparticles is a promising strategy for more effective endodontic treatment because it addresses bacterial invasion and supports long-term therapeutic effects.
Effect of chitosan as a coupling agent and types of stabiliser of zirconia filler on nanocomposite hardness Putri, Tansza Permata Setiana; Manurung, Rosida; Usri, Kosterman; Purwasasmita, Bambang Sunendar
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 30, No 1 (2018): March 2018
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (286.602 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol30no1.16101

Abstract

Introduction: Nanocomposite has been developed as a dental restoration. Nano-scale filler can result in high mechanical properties and good esthetic. Nanofiller materials such as partially stabilised zirconia (PSZ) has been recommended for dental use. This form of zirconia can be stabilised by the addition of several different oxides such as magnesia and calcia. Chitosan as a coupling agent was able to increase the nanocomposite’s mechanical properties. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the nanocomposite’s hardness value with and without the addition of chitosan as a coupling agent as well as a different stabiliser of zirconia filler. Methods: Procedures of this research consisted of several stages which were the fabrication of nanocomposite and mechanical properties measurement using the Vicker’s hardness testing. Results: The nanocomposite’s hardness value (kg/mm2) with zirconia filler stabilised by MgO without the addition of chitosan was as much as 5.09 and with the addition of chitosan was 7.51; the nanocomposite ’s hardness number with zirconia filler stabilised by  CaO without the addition of chitosan was 8.16 and with the addition of chitosan was 13.13.  The results were then analysed statistically using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and showed a significant difference between all of those data groups. Conclusion: The addition of chitosan as well as different stabiliser (MgO and CaO) of Zirconia filler had affected the nanocomposite ’s hardness value.
Synthesis of mesh-shaped calcia partially stabilized zirconia using eggshell membrane template as filler composite Gempita, Gema; Hasratiningsih, Zulia; Subrata, Gantini; Purwasasmita, Bambang Sunendar
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 29, No 2 (2017): July 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (890.837 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol29no2.13603

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Introduction: This experiment was conducted experimentally to synthesize Calcia Partially Stabilized Zirconia (Ca-PSZ) by sol-gel method using eggshell membrane template as a composite filler. The eggshell membrane was used to produce a mesh shaped structure, which hopefully can improve the mechanical properties of the composite. Method: Ca-PSZ filler was synthesized from ZrOCl2 precursor and Ca(NO3)2 stabilizer with a 24 hours immersion time. Ca-PSZ of synthesis then mixed with the resin matrix to test its composite hardness. Result: The EDS characterization results suggested that the sample contained elements of zirconia, calcium, and oxygen. Whereas, the XRD characterization identified that crystal structures that formed in the sample were nano scale tetragonal. Characterization of SEM showed Ca-PSZ with mesh structured. The average composite hardness value was 15.79 VHN. Conclusion: The composites with Ca-PSZ-synthesized filler could be prepared and its hardness value was higher than the composite with Ca-PSZ filler in spherical particles, but the hardness was still below the composite on the market.
Hardness evaluation of dental composites fabricated from the uniform size and well-distributed zirconia-alumina-silica fillers with sol-gel technique Hakim, Muhammad Lukman Nur; Faza, Yanwar; Hasratiningsih, Zulia; Djustiana, Nina; Sunendar, Bambang
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 30, No 2 (2018): July 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (433.347 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol30no2.18319

Abstract

Introduction: Several factor limits of services of dental composite have triggered further improvement. ZrO2-Al2O3-SiO2 system as filler of dental composite had been developed with sol-gel technique. Ultrasonic homogeniser were reported to change the particle size ditribution or shape. Unifom size and distribution of particle is believed to help define the behavior of hardness properties. Methods: The study was an laboratory experimental design. Filler ZrO2-Al2O3-SiO2 system were developed via sol-gel methods. Post calcination process, filler were immerse in ethanol and applied with ultrasonic homogeniser, with various amplitude i.e 50 rpm, 60 rpm and 80 rpm then named sample A, B, and C. XRD, SEM anda PSA were used to characterize of filler system. Subsequent filler were used to fabricate dental composite then evaluate the hardness value using micro-hardness tester. One–way ANOVA was used to analysis the statistical result of hardness value. Results: XRD pattern of three sample were similar in which tetragonal zirconia was prominent (57-61 %) followed by monoclinic zirconia (24-25%) and amorphous (15-17 %). While, SEM and PSA characterization showed amplitude 50 rpm (sample A) produce more uniform size and well-distributed particle filler than the others. In contrary, sample B and C showed higher peak in PSA results. It means there was dominating of filler with particular size.  However, the hardness value did not show significant differences between those filler (p>0,05). Conclusion: Dental composite that contain of different uniformity and distribution of filler ZrO2-Al2O3-SiO2 system has no significantly differences of hardness value.
In vivo histomorphological evaluation of geopolymer-carbonated apatite nanocomposites implanted on rabbit tibia at early bone healing Sutanto, Dahlia; Satari, Mieke Hemiawati; Hernowo, Bethy Suryawathy; Priosoeryanto, Bambang Pontjo; Septawendar, Rifki; Asri, Lia Amelia Tresna Wulan; Purwasasmita, Bambang Sunendar
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 33, No 1 (2021): March 2021
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol33no1.28899

Abstract

Introduction: Dental implants have become a more desirable treatment for replacing missing teeth. The mechanical properties and biocompatibility of titanium and zirconia are excellent, but they are less bioactive. The chemical composition of the carbonate apatite is similar to enamel and dentin. Geopolymers are inorganic polymers, and they are similar to ceramics. They have excellent mechanical properties, bioactivity, biocompatibility. The purpose of this study was to assess histomorphological evaluation of geopolymer-carbonated apatite nanocomposites implanted on rabbit tibia at early bone healing in vivo. Methods: Geopolymer-CHA nanocomposites with a diameter of 3 mm and length of 6 mm was placed in the tibia of eight male New Zealand White rabbit whose body weight is 3 to 3.5 kg and six-month ages. Experimental subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups for assessing the bone healing capability around samples to 14 and 28 days histomorphologically. Wilcoxon test was performed, and p<0.05 was considered significant, using Minitab software version 13. Results: Granulation tissue, woven, and lamellar bone was analysed. A reactive bone formation was revealed in the 14th day. Osteoblasts, osteoids, and osteocytes showed more mature and woven bone became denser on the 28th day. Conclusion: Geopolymer-CHA nanocomposites could be considered a candidate for dental implant material from this histomorphological evaluation.
Impact of Reduced Activator Concentration and Curing Method on Compressive Strength of Metakaolin/Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Mortar Harmaji, Andrie; Haimir, Alexander Syahlendra; Sunendar, Bambang
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri Vol. 14 No. 1 (2023): May
Publisher : Balai Besar Standardisasi dan Pelayanan Jasa Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21771/jrtppi.2023.v14.no1.p19-28

Abstract

The demand for cement is increasing each year, but the manufacture of 1 tonne of cement produces an equal number of carbondioxide (CO2) gas which is directly related to the increase in global warming. Therefore, we need a substitute material, namely geopolymer. This material has relatively superior properties compared to cement. However, one of the drawbacks of geopolymers is that the production costs are relatively more expensive compared to the manufacture of pre-cast cement because it requires chemical solutions such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) to activate the precursor. This research was conducted to replace a specific ratio of alkali activator with water to reduce the use of alkaline hydroxide solutions and sodium silicate while reducing production costs. The experiment was carried out by replacing the activator solution with water at a certain amount with a different curing method. Mechanical properties, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy characterization were used to analyze the effect of additional water in geopolymer. The compressive test result shows that the maximum water content that can replace the activator solution is 20% by activator mass for fly ash-based geopolymers and 30% by activator mass for metakaolin-based geopolymers, with sealed and bare curing conditions before the compressive strength was decreased sharply. Substitution of 10% water in fly ash-based geopolymer increases the compressive strength to 17.20 MPa. Compressive test results and characterization showed that the optimal curing condition for fly ash-based geopolymer was sealed curing and bare curing for metakaolin-based geopolymer. The strength increase is due to O-C-O bonds representing sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), which affects the compressive strength of fly ash-based and metakaolin-based geopolymers.
Perbandingan Tensile Strength, Tear Strength, dan Reproduction Of Detail Bahan Cetak Alginat Sintesis dengan Variasi Jumlah Nanoselulosa dan Metakaolin Terhadap Jeltrate® Rizka Amalina; Dahlia Sutanto; Bambang Sunendar
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018): SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28932/sod.v3i1.1773

Abstract

Bahan cetak gigi terutama alginat digunakan hampir pada semua cabang kedokteran gigi yang berfungsi menghasilkan suatu bentuk cetakan dari hubungan gigi dan jaringan rongga mulut (jaringan keras dan jaringan lunak) untuk mendapat cetakan negatif atau model dari jaringan mulut.Bahan cetak alginat harus memenuhi sifat biologis dan mekanis yang ideal.Kelebihan yang dimiliki alginat yang ada sekarang telah mencakup hampir seluruh sifat idealnya, namun alginat memiliki beberapa kekurangan seperti tensile strength, tear strength, dan reproduction of detail yang kurang baik. Kekurangan sifat mekanis alginat diketahui dapat ditingkatkan dengan filler dengan jumlah yang tepat. Mengetahui perbedaan antara hasil uji tensile strength, tear strength, dan reproduction of detail dari bahan cetak alginat sintesis dengan variasi jumlah filler nanoselulosa dan metakaolin terhadap jeltrate®. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratoris murni dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dengan kelompok uji terbagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Uji statistik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ANOVA. Ini adalah diperoleh p-value sebesar< 0,05 yang menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara hasil uji tensile strength, tear strength, dan reproduction of detail dengan variasi jumlah filler nanoselulosa dan metakaolin terhadap jeltrate®. Penelitian adalah terdapat perbedaan antara hasil uji tensile strength, tear strength, dan reproduction of detail dari bahan cetak alginat sintesis dengan variasi jumlah filler nanoselulosa dan metakaolin terhadap jeltrate®.
Efek Penambahan Nanoselulosa Terhadap Compressive strength Bone cement Berbasis Kalsium Fosfat Cindy Chakornnipit Fadly; Angela Evelyna; Bambang Sunendar
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018): SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28932/sod.v3i2.1786

Abstract

Bone cement kalsium fosfat merupakan generasi terbaru material pengganti tulang. Semen ini menghasilkan hidroksiapatit yang memiliki struktur kimia dan morfologi komponen dasar yang menyerupai tulang sehingga bone cement dapat digunakan untuk memfiksasi implan gigi immediate loading dental implan yang memiliki beberapa keuntungan. Namun sifat mekanisnya rendah sehingga perlu ditambah filler agar sifat mekanisnya meningkat Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental laboratorium dan dilakukan untuk membuat bone cement dengan alginat sebagai matriks yang ditambahkan nanoselulosa kristalin dan kalsium fosfat hidroksiapatit sebagai filler. Filler nanoselulosa kristalin disintesis dengan hidrolisis asam kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan TEM dan XRD. Pengujian sifat mekanis yang dilakukan yaitu uji tekan kompresi. Analisis dilakukan dengan ANOVA one way, dilanjutkan dengan Post Hoc Tuckey. Hasil uji tekan kompresi memperlihatkan kompresi tertinggi pada kelompok V (nanoselulosa 2%) sebesar 8,161 Mpa. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah penambahan filler nanoselulosa kristalin pada bone cement berbasis kalsium fosfat meningkatkan compressive strength.
Co-Authors AA Sudharmawan, AA Abdul Halim Daulay Ahmad Nuruddin Ahmad Nuruddin Ahmad Nuruddin, Ahmad Aminuddin Debataraja Andrie Harmaji Andrie Harmaji Andrie Harmaji Angela Evelyna Angela Evelyna Angela Evelyna Angela Evelyna Angela Evelyna Angga Hudaya Anggreani, Triannisa Julia Dian Arie Wibowo Asri, Lia Asri, Lia Amelia Tresna Wulan Aulia Nur Ariswari Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto Bethy Suryawathy Hernowo Bharata Dewanto Brian Yuliarto Catur Aditya Ramadhany Chriswan Sungkono Cindy Chakornnipit Fadly Claudia Claudia Dahlia Sutanto Denny Nurdin Dian Noviyanti Agus Imam Dicky Juniata Dwi Suprana Didit Nur Rahman Diyah, Nazuwatussya’ Dwifulqi, Hernindya Eka Mulya Alamsyah Ekawati, Estiyanti Elsy Rahimi Chaldun Eneng Maryani Enggar Dwi Kusuma Eva Febrina Evelyna, Angela Evi Oktavia Fanni Kusuma Djati Frank Edwin Frank Edwin - Frank Edwin, Frank Gantini Subrata, Gantini Gema Gempita Gina Mayang Lestari Haimir, Alexander Syahlendra Hakim, Muhammad Lukman Nur Hakim, Muhammad Lukman Nur Hangga Guna Dharma Hapsari Milla Haris Budi Widodo Haris, Luqman Harmaji, Andrie Hasran, Muhammad Aditya Ramadhan Hendra Hermawan Heri Setiawan Hermawan, Hendra Hernawan . Hernawan ., Hernawan Irwan Taufik Hermawan Iswandi Imran Ivindra Pane Khairani, Raisa Kiky Viviani Kosterman Usri Leanddas Nurdiwijayanto Leanddas Nurdiwijayanto Leanddas NurdiWijayanto, Leanddas Lia A.T.W. Asri Lia Asri Lia Asri Lia Asri Lia Asri Luqman Haris Martinus Simatupang Maryani, Eneng Maya Komalasari Maya Komalasari Maya Komalasari Maya Komalasari, Maya Mery Agustina Mery Agustina, Mery Mieke Hemiawati Satari Mirantini Aprilisna Muhamad Nasir Muhammad Ilham Bayquni Muhammad Ilham Bayquni Nalaria Prakusya Niki Prastomo - Nina Djustiana Nugraha Nugraha Nugraha, Ashari Budi Nuruddin, Ahmad Oqy Diadara Putri Partogi H. Simatupang, Partogi H. Raisa Khairani Rakhmawati, Widya Ramdan, Raden Dadan Ramos Samuel Gultom Ratih Resti Astari Ratuannisa, Tyar Riesca Ayu Kusuma Wardhani Rifki Septawendar Rifki Septawendar Rifki Septawendar Rifki Septawendar Riyadi, Wisnu Rizka Amalina Robeth Viktoria Manurung Roland P.H. - Rosida Manurung, Rosida Rudy Octavius Sihombing Ryana Budi Purnama Septawendar, Rifki Setiawan, Heri Siagian, Rivita Subrata Gantini Suhanda , Suhanda . Suhanda ., Suhanda Susanti Nurfadhila Susanto Sigit Rahardi Susanto Sigit Rahardi Susanto Sigit Rahardi Sutrisno Sutrisno Suyatman Suyatman Tansza Setiana Putri Tati Suryati Syamsudin Taufan Hidayat Teuku Fawzul Akbar Teuku Fawzul Akbardan Triannisa Julia Dian Anggreani Weko Abhinimpuno - Yanwar Faza Yanwar Faza Yulia, Elfi Zulia Hasratiningsih Zulia Hasratiningsih, Zulia