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Leaf morphological traits of nine major tropical trees of Shorea species (Dipterocarpaceae) NUR MUFARHATUN; ARIDA SUSILOWATI; IWAN HILWAN; NAWWALL ARROFAHA; KUSUMADEWI SRI YULITA; FIFI GUS DWIYANTI; ASEP HIDAYAT; KOICHI KAMIYA; HENTI HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240344

Abstract

Abstract. Mufarhatun N, Susilowati A, Hilwan I, Arrofaha N, Yulita KS, Dwiyanti FG, Hidayat A, Kamiya K, Rachmat HH. 2023. Leaf morphological traits of nine major tropical trees of Shorea species (Dipterocarpaceae). Biodiversitas 24: 1704-1712. Shorea is the largest genus in the Dipterocarpaceae family and has high leaf morphological variations among its species, which causes difficulties in field identification. Therefore, information on the specific characteristics of the leaf morphology of each species is needed. This study aimed to examine and discriminate leaf morphological traits at both mature and sapling stages of nine Shorea species, namely Shorea balangeran (Korth.) Burck, S. leprosula Miq., S. mecistopteryx Ridl., S. multiflora (Burck) Symington, S. ovalis (Korth.) Blume, S. pinanga Scheff., S. platyclados Slooten ex Endert, S. selanica (Wight & Arn.) Blume, and S. stenoptera Burck. The leaves of 90 mature trees growing in the Dramaga Research Forest (DRF) and Gunung Dahu Research Forest (GDRF) as well as the leaves of 180 saplings growing in the nursery of Forest Research and Development Center (FRDC) were observed. Leaf traits, leaf color, and chlorophyll content were assessed on 3 leaves from each mature tree and 5 from each sapling collected. Furthermore, comparative analysis using F independent test in the one-way analysis variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were used in this study. The results showed that 8 of the 11 measured morphological traits were identified as the quantitative leaves morphological differentiators, namely Leaves Width (LW), Lamina Length (LL), the length between the largest Leaves Point (LP) with the base of the leaves, angle of leaves vein (SD), Petiole Length (PL), number of leaves vein (LB), breadth of the leaves (WL), and the Circumference of the Leaves (CL). In addition, the results of cluster analysis showed the nine Shorea spp. are clustered into two major groups. Group 1 consisted of species, S. stenoptera, and S. mecistopteryx, while the remaining are included in Group 2. Our findings conclude that the eight leaf morphological traits obtained from this study are useful as additional characters to distinguish the nine Shorea species in the field.
Comparative wood anatomy of Rubroshorea leprosula across multiple populations in Sumatra Island, Indonesia AINUN FADILAH; FIFI GUS DWIYANTI; TRIADIATI TRIADIATI; AGUS HIKMAT; LINA KARLINASARI; ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270204

Abstract

Abstract. Fadilah A, Dwiyanti FG, Triadiati, Hikmat A, Karlinasari L, Siregar IZ. 2026. Comparative wood anatomy of Rubroshorea leprosula across multiple populations in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270204. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270204. Red meranti wood (Rubroshorea leprosula) is classified in strength classes II-IV and durability classes III-IV, making it suitable for light and heavy construction due to its high wood quality. This has led to widespread exploitation, illegal logging, and illicit trade, particularly from natural forests. Current conservation strategies lack adequate scientific support, particularly in species and origin identification, which are crucial for wood tracking. Wood anatomy is a simple, rapid, and reliable method for identifying wood species. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the wood anatomy of R. leprosula by examining visual, macroscopic, and microscopic structures to identify key characteristics that differentiate between populations. Visual characteristics were assessed based on wood color, pattern, texture, gloss, and grain orientation. Macroscopic observations were made of growth rings, vessels, intercellular canals, axial parenchyma, and ray parenchyma. Microscopic analysis was performed using a light microscope to observe cellular structures qualitatively and quantitatively. Samples were collected from five populations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Fifty wood samples (ten per population) were analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and post-hoc tests to identify significant differences between populations. The results showed that evaluation of the microscopic structure successfully identified key characteristics, particularly variations in vessel diameter, that consistently differentiated among populations, with significant differences (p-value = 0.00000545) ranging from 105.2-158.7µm, most notably between samples from Bukit Tigapuluh National Park and Harapan Rainforest (p-value<0.025). This anatomical variation, potentially related to hydraulic conductivity and ecological adaptation, indicates population differentiation. This study contributes to forest biology by linking anatomical traits to adaptive functions and traceability, which are essential for the sustainable management of tropical timber resources.
Stand composition and structure of Rubroshorea curtisii in a lowland Dipterocarp remnant forest of Bukit Tiban, Riau Islands, Indonesia ARIDA SUSILOWATI; HENTI HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT; NELLY ANNA; DENI ELFIATI; FIFI GUS DWIYANTI; KOICHI KAMIYA; FAUZAN ALAWI; KESUMA WIJAYA; IDA MALLIA GINTING
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260948

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Abstract. Susilowati A, Rachmat HH, Anna N, Elfiati D, Dwiyanti FG, Kamiya K, Alawi F, Wijaya K, Ginting IM. 2025. Stand composition and structure of Rubroshorea curtisii in a lowland Dipterocarp remnant forest of Bukit Tiban, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4793-4804. Rubroshorea curtisii is an ecologically and commercially valuable Dipterocarpaceae species native to the Malay Peninsula, Peninsular Thailand, and northern Borneo, but in Indonesia its distribution is restricted to the Riau Islands. Habitat disturbances in this area directly threaten the species’ persistence. This study assessed the stand composition, structure, and floristic diversity of R. curtisii in Bukit Tiban Protected Forest, Batam Island, Riau Islands. Vegetation data were collected from 25 nested plots (20×20 m for trees, 10×10 m for poles, 5×5 m for saplings, and 2×2 m for seedlings) along five transects purposefully located in areas where R. curtisii occurs. All individuals were identified and measured to calculate relative density, frequency, basal area, and Importance Value Index (IVI), along with Shannon–Wiener diversity (H?), evenness (E), and species richness (R). A total of 44 species from 13 families were recorded, including seven Dipterocarpaceae species. Rubroshorea curtisii dominated all strata with the highest IVI values in seedlings (21.38%), poles (30.83%), and trees (34.00%), indicating its keystone ecological role. The stand exhibited an inverted J-shaped diameter distribution, characterized by a predominance of small-diameter trees (10-19.9 cm) and a scarcity of large individuals, reflecting regeneration imbalance. Diversity was highest in tree strata (H? = 3.10) and lowest in saplings (H? = 1.70), while evenness remained high (E = 0.91-0.97). Tree strata showed the highest richness (R = 7.05), whereas saplings had the lowest (R = 1.25). Despite ongoing regeneration, reduced mature individuals and disrupted recruitment suggest vulnerability to fragmentation, logging, and limited reproductive events. Conservation priorities should include protection of mature trees, enrichment planting, canopy restoration, and long-term monitoring of reproductive ecology. Integrating community participation and habitat rehabilitation is essential to ensure sustainable management of R. curtisii and the ecological resilience of remnant dipterocarp forests in the Riau Islands.
Assessment of Water Quality and Pollution Load Capacity in a Taluduyunu River, Gorontalo Province: The Impact of Artisanal Gold Mining Activities Sofian Rodiana; Alinda Fitriany Malik Zain; Fifi Gus Dwiyanti
Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) Vol 16 No 4 (2026): Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (JPSL)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup, IPB (PPLH-IPB) dan Program Studi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, IPB (PS. PSL, SPs. IPB)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jpsl.16.4.511

Abstract

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM), locally known as PETI (Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin), has substantially altered the upstream Taluduyunu River in Pohuwato Regency, Gorontalo Province, a reach supplying drinking water to roughly 19,686residents through PDAM Tirta Maleo. To quantify the scale of this degradation, water quality was assessed at four stations across the disturbance gradient during the 2023 dry season, covering 24 physicochemical parameters against Class II standards (PP 22/2021). Among all parameters measured, only total suspended solids (TSS) exceeded regulatory thresholds. At SR3, the most intensively mined station, TSS reached 21,000 mg/L, 420 times the 50 mg/L Class II limit, while BOD and COD remained below detection limits at all locations. The pollution index (PI) placed SR3 in the heavily polluted category (PI = 10.01) and SR2 and SR4 in the moderately polluted range. Actual TSS loads exceeded assimilative capacity (TMDL) by approximately 100-fold: BPA = 5,237,913.6 kg/day againstBPM = 52,272 kg/day, leaving a deficit of roughly 5.2 million kg/day and requiring a 99% load reduction for compliance. Multi-stakeholder analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis ranked TMDL determination (weight 0.341) and river classification (0.264) as themost urgent interventions, ahead of community outreach, monitoring, and law enforcement. The combined TMDL–AHP approach developed here may transfer to other ASGM-impacted watersheds, contributing to SDG 6 and SDG 15 objectives.
Co-Authors Adinugroho, Wahyu Catur Adzkia, Ulfa Agus Hikmat AINUN FADILAH Alfi Hudatul Karomah Alfian Helmi Alim S Slamet Alinda Fitriany Malik Zain Amigunani, Zahra Wajdini Amperanoto, Agus Andi Salamah Ari Sri Windyaswari ARIDA SUSILOWATI ARIDA SUSILOWATI ARIDA SUSILOWATI Arida Susilowati Iswanto Arief Sabdo Yuwono Arrofaha, Nawwall ASEP HIDAYAT ASEP HIDAYAT Aulia Andi Mustika Ayu, Inna Puspa Ayyasy, Yahya Boedi Tjahjono Budi Purwanto Cecep Kusmana Cut Rizlani Kholibrina Deden Derajat Matra DENI ELFIATI Dien Atin Boritnaban Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat Dwi Utami , Anisa Fahrauk Faramayuda FAUZAN ALAWI Febrita, Joana Hana Khoirunisa Handian Purwawangsa HENTI HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT HENTI HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT HENTI HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT Henti Hendalastuti Rachmat Henti Rosdayanti, Henti Heriansyah Putra Heriansyah Putra Hudaya, Aang Husin Alatas IBNUL QAYIM IDA MALLIA GINTING Ida Mallia Ginting IPB, BPKB Irsyad Kamal ISKANDAR Z. SIREGAR Iskandar Z. Siregar ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR Istomo . IWAN HILWAN Jeprianto Manurung KESUMA WIJAYA Khairunnisa, Zayyaan Nabiila Khoirunisa, Hana Ko Harada Ko Harada Ko Harada KOICHI KAMIYA KOICHI KAMIYA Koichi Kamiya Koichi Kamiya Koichi Kamiya Kustiyarini, Nur Fadila KUSUMADEWI SRI YULITA KUSUMADEWI SRI YULITA KUSUMADEWI SRI YULITA Laswi Irmayanti, Laswi Lina Karlinasari Majariana Krisanti Majiidu, Muhammad Maria Tri Miarsih Matra, Deden Derajat Meti Ekayani Mohamad Rafi Muhammad Majiidu Muhammad Majiidu Muharam, Karima Fauziah Mutya Kana Purba NAWWALL ARROFAHA NELLY ANNA Niken Tunjung Murti Pratiwi NUR MUFARHATUN Nyoto Santoso Putra, Heriansyah Rachmat, Henti Hendalastuti Rahadian Pratama Rahman, Mohamad Miftah Rai Sita Rakhmad Fadillah Rifnadhi, Bayu RIKA RAFFIUDIN Rina Mardiana Ritonga, Faujiah Nurhasanah Rukmana, Adi Salsa Rizqyana Billa Sari, Windi Mayang Septaningsih, Dewi Anggraini Siska Nurfajri Slamet, Alim S Sofian Rodiana SUSILA SUSILA Susila, Susila Syaputra, Dhika Triadiati Triadiati Ulfah Juniarti Siregar Utami, Anisa Dwi Utami, Annisa Dwi Wati, Ridha WINDRA PRIAWANDIPUTRA, WINDRA Yosie Syadza Kusuma Zaenal Abidin Zayyaan Nabiila Khairunnisa Zulfikar Malik