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Journal : Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering

Eco-Friendly Photocatalyst from Limestone: ZnO-Hydroxyapatite Composite for Efficient Rhodamine B Removal Sukarta, I Nyoman; Suyasa, I Wayan Budiarsa; Mahardika, I Gede; Suprihatin, Iryanti Eka; Sastrawidana, I Dewa Ketut; Wiratma, I Gusti Lanang; Darmayasa, Dewa Komang
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20426

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize and characterize a limestone-based ZnO-hydroxyapatite (HA/ZnO) composite and evaluate its performance in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under UV irradiation. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized by reacting calcined CaO from limestone with orthophosphoric acid and subsequently combined with ZnO via a co-precipitation–hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) to determine their crystal structure and functional groups. The HA/ZnO composite exhibited the smallest crystallite size (14.86 nm), indicating enhanced surface area and strong interfacial interaction. Photodegradation tests revealed optimal conditions at pH of 9, Rhodamine B concentration of 20 mg/L, and catalyst dosage of 1.5 g, achieving a maximum degradation efficiency of 99.81%. Toxicity assessment using a corn seed germination test showed a significant increase in germination rate from 16% (untreated) to 92% (after photocatalytic treatment). These findings suggest that the limestone-derived HA/ZnO composite is a promising, environmentally friendly, and efficient photocatalyst for textile dye wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Co-Authors A. A. Bawa Putra Adalgisa D.D.G. Alvares AGUS MULIADI PUTRA, AGUS MULIADI Ahmad Zakir Anak Agung Gede Agung Satrya Dwipayana Atita Arli Tiara AWANG ERRY SOFYAR IRAWAN Bejo Slamet Cok Istri Putri Kusuma Kencanawati D. Rizkiyanti Darmayasa, Dewa Komang Desak Putu Risky Vidika Apriyanthi Dewa Nyoman Alit Ardana Dhana J, Ida Bagus Dini Imanniar dody setiawan Esti Arisetya Dewi Febby Hartesa W Gede Adi Wiguna Sudiartha Gede Widihati, Ida Ayu I .G. P. Agus Suryawan I Dewa Ketut Sastrawidana I G. A. K. S. P. Dewi I G. M. A. P. Raharja I Gede Mahardika I Gusti Agung Gede Bawa I Gusti Ayu Kd Ravika Sugianthi I Gusti Ayu Kunti Sri Panca Dewi I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma I Gusti Lanang Wiratma I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Parasara I K. G. Antara i kadek ardi putra I Kadek Sutomo Putra I Kadek Widiantara I Ketut Adi Sugita I Ketut Berata I Ketut Sundra I Komang Gde Bendesa I M. G. Sudyadnyana Sandhika I M. Siaka I Made Adhika I Made Sara Wijana I Made Siaka I MD KARDA I Nengah Simpen I Nengah Wirajana I Nyoman Artabudi I NYOMAN RAI I Nyoman Sudipa I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya I P Sastra Negara I Wayan Arthana I Wayan Diara I Wayan Gede Gunawan I Wayan Jana I Wayan Januariawan I Wayan Kasa I Wayan Nuarsa I Wayan Sandi Adnyana I Wayan Suarna I Wayan Sudiarta I WAYAN WINDIA I WY. G GUNAWAN I. M. S. Negara I.A.M. Trisnawulan I.G.A.M. ARYASIH Ida Ayu Alit Laksmiwati Ida Ayu Ary Pramaswari IDA AYU ASTARINI Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa IK Sudibia IM Suyana Utama IM TAPAYASA IN SUWIRTA Irdhawati Irdhawati Iryanti Eka Suprihatin J. B. Butler James Sibarani K. Swandiyasa K. Yogi Purnamawati K.G. Darma Susila Kadek Diana Harmayani Ketut Gede Suryawan Luh Putri Kriswidatari M. FAIRUZ ABADI, M. FAIRUZ M. Sudiana Mahendra Made Arsawan Made Rahayu Kusumadewi Made Santiari N. NGR. ADISANJAYA N.K. Mardani N.L.P Mahendra Dewi Nakamura, Shingo Ni G. A. M. Dwi Adhi Suastuti Ni Ketut Suwiti Ni Komang Ayu Septiani Ni Komang Lia Wahyuni Ni Luh Gede Sudaryati Ni Luh Putu Mega Priantari NI LUH WIDYASARI Ni M. Indra Wahyuni Ni Made Indra Wahyuni Ni Made Setiari Ni Made Tia Juliasari Ni Putu Diantariani Ni Putu Giyan Adnya Antari Nixon Rammang NPG Suardana P. D. S. Udayani Pradnyadari, I Gusti Ayu Lia Putu Dian Paramitha Dewi Putu Primantari Vikana Suari Putu Sri Juniarta Rosalia Gosal Sang Ayu Sri Satya Laksmi Utari Shinta E. Maharani Siti Helmyati Sophia Maria Oliva Lau Sri Dian Meita Sari Sri Wahjuni Sudiartha, Gede Adi Wiguna Suko Ismi Supardiono Supardiono Syamsul Alam Paturusi Takahiro Osawa Vo, Huy Thanh W. Gina Anggreni Wahyu Dwijani Wahyu Dwijani S. Wahyu Dwijani Sulihingtyas Wayan Trisna Dewi Wirajana, Nengah WIWIK SUSANAH RITA Y. P. Mau Yan Ramona Yenni Ciawi Yohanis Umbu Kaleka, Yohanis Umbu