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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia As-syifaa Jurnal Farmasi Mejuajua Pharmaceutical Reports Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bhinneka Indonesian Research Journal on Education Media Farmasi Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Edubiotik : Jurnal Pendidikan, Biologi dan Terapan

Muammar Fawwaz

Laboratory Of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty Of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar

Author-ID : 2485580

Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Chromatogram Profile of Vigna radiata and Phaseolus vulgaris Related to Chemical Hydrolysis Muammar Fawwaz
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 1, No 1 (2022): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Mungbean (Vigna radiate) and red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a type of food containing isoflavone in the form of glycoside (genistin, daidzin, glycitin). Isoflavones are one type of phytoestrogen which have similar chemical structure with estradiol. Therefore, it can be used not only to inhibit but also to prevent many symptoms related to estrogen deficiency. Human body cannot adsorb isoflavone in the glycoside form. In order to make it absorbable, isoflavone should be hydrolyzed to defuse its glycoside chain to be aglycon (genistein, daidzein, glycitein). The aim of this study was to determine the influence of hydrolysis on chromatogram profile of mungbean and red bean. Hydrolysis was conducted by chemical method using hydrochloride acid (HCl). The chromatogram profile was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography method (HPLC) using C18 reverse phase column, the mobile phase was methanol : water (7:3), the sample injected automatically as much as 10 ml, the flow rate of 1 ml/min with a temperature of 28°C, at a wavelength of 254 nm. This study showed that chemical hydrolysis successes to remove the glycoside chain in both mungbean and red bean extract.

Determination of Acetaminophen in Jamu Pegal Linu by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mamat Pratama; Dian Harisman; Lukman Labasy; Seniwati Seniwati; Muammar Fawwaz
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 1, No 1 (2022): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Traditional medicine is very popular in Indonesia, so it is necessary to do this research to analyze the presence or absence of chemical substances contained in traditional medicine. This research aims to determine acetaminophen content on jamu pegal linu circulating in Makassar city by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The jamu were obtained from several drugs stores near Terong traditional market. Five brands of jamu pegal linu detected their acetaminophen content by HPLC method using a UV-Visible SPD 20A detector with a wavelength of 254 nm. The result showed that chromatogram on jamu pegal linu is the same as the acetaminophen at the retention time of 5.28 minutes. The whole of jamu pegal linu analyzed positively contain acetaminophen and prohibited for consumption in accordance with the regulations of National Agency of Drug and Food Control (POM) Republic Indonesia No.KH.00.01.43.2773/2008.

The Effect of Heating on Ascorbic Acid Levels of Brassica oleracea L. Determined by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry Muzakkir Baits; Riski Mentari Jahri; Asriani Suhaenah; Aminah Aminah; Tadjuddin Naid; Muammar Fawwaz
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 1, No 1 (2022): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Vitamin C is one of the nutrients that act as antioxidants derived from fruits and green vegetables, such as the broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.). This study aims to warming influence on levels of vitamin C in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) with qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis was performed using specific reagents that ammonium molybdate, Fehling Fehling's A and B which have indicated a positive sample containing vitamin C, and vitamin C were analyzed quantitatively using UV- Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 570 nm. The results showed levels of vitamin C in raw broccoli 0.62915 mg/g and steamed broccoli 0.45449 mg/g.

UV-Protection Activities of Labu Siam (Sechium edule) Extract Based on Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Anggraeni, Bella; Aminah, Aminah; Fawwaz, Muammar
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 3, No 1 (2024): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.287

Exposure to sunlight has a negative effect on the skin. Sunscreens are used to protect the skin from the harmful effects caused by UV radiation. The ability of a sunscreen to protect the skin by delaying erythema is expressed by the value of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF). The purpose of this study was to analyze the UV protection activity of chayote (Sechium edule) based on the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value, which was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and calculated using the Mansyur equation. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the SPF value of chayote (Sechium edule) extract has UV protection activity. At concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% there is activity as UV protection with SPF values of 7.487; 11.817; and 16,889. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the higher the concentration, the greater the SPF value obtained.UV-Protection Activities of Labu Siam (Sechium edule) Extract Based on Sun Protection Factor (SPF)

Modulation Imaging Contrast Agent for Cancer Fawwaz, Muammar
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 3, No 1 (2024): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.283

Molecular imaging, also known as molecular imaging, is a medical technique used to visualize and analyze biological molecules in the human or animal body. According to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging's website, "Molecular Imaging" is a type of medical imaging that provides a detailed picture of what is happening in the body at the molecular and cellular levels. This definition refers to the significant advancements researchers have made over the past two decades in applying the principles of molecular imaging in various areas, from basic and translational science to advanced patient diagnosis and therapy. Essentially, molecular imaging allows us to visualize biochemical processes and target localization patterns that are invisible at the level of anatomical imaging. The goal of molecular imaging is to obtain information about molecular activity and function in living tissue. The technologies commonly used in imaging modulation are Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Antioxidant Activity of Red Fruit Juice (Pandanus conoideus L.) Using the CUPRAC Method Arifin, Marina; Pratama, Mamat; Fawwaz, Muammar; Aminah, Aminah
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.356

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.), which belongs to the Pandanaceae family, is widely used by local Papuan people as a source of food, natural dyes, and traditional medicinal ingredients. Red fruit contains several compounds such as tannins, vitamin C, beta carotene, and flavonoids. This research aims to determine the presence of antioxidant activity using the Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) method. Antioxidant capacity using the CUPRAC method is expressed as mg of ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) per g of juice (mgAAE/g). The method is measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the maximum wavelength. Ascorbic acid was used as a comparison to assess the antioxidant ability of red fruit juice. The results showed that the antioxidant activity capacity of red fruit juice was 100.4 mgAAE/g. Thus, red fruit can be developed as a natural antioxidant.

Retrosynthesis Strategy in Organic Chemistry Fawwaz, Muammar
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.354

Retrosynthetic analysis represents a cornerstone of modern organic synthesis, providing a rational and highly systematic framework for the design and planning of complex molecular architectures. This strategy involves the stepwise disconnection of a target molecule into progressively simpler intermediates and ultimately into commercially available or readily accessible starting materials. By focusing on strategic bond disconnections and functional group interconversions, retrosynthesis facilitates the identification of key synthetic transformations, allowing chemists to navigate backward from the desired product to a feasible synthetic route. The integration of this methodology enables the optimization of reaction sequences in terms of step economy, atom economy, stereoselectivity, and overall synthetic efficiency. Furthermore, retrosynthetic planning is indispensable in the synthesis of biologically active compounds, natural products, and pharmaceutical agents, where the construction of complex frameworks demands both creativity and precision. As such, retrosynthesis not only streamlines the synthetic process but also enhances the reliability, scalability, and reproducibility of organic synthesis, making it an essential tool in both academic research and industrial applications.

The Antioxidant Activity of Red Fruit Juice (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Using The FRAP Method Ainunnisa, Mufti; Fawwaz, Muammar; Pratama, Mamat
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.355

Red fruit is a member of the Pandanaceae family which is a type of pandan. Empirically, red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) has been proven to cure various degenerative diseases such as cancer, heart disease, tuberculosis, respiratory tract disorders, external antiseptic and eye and skin diseases. The aim of this research was to determine the antioxidant activity of red fruit juice using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. The juice was tested qualitatively and quantitatively using the FRAP method. The qualitative test results after adding the FRAP reagent were positive for antioxidant activity because the color changed to blue. In quantitative determination of absorbance, antioxidant activity was measured using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Absorbance was measured at a maximum wavelength of 701 nm using ascorbic acid as a reference solution. The equation obtained is y = 0.0103x + 0.3801 with a value of r = 0.9978. The total antioxidant activity value was calculated based on absorption data. The calculation results for the total antioxidant activity value were 173.68 mgAAE/L sample. Therefore, we can conclude that red fruit can be used as a natural antioxidant.

The Role of Iron (Fe) in Health and Medicine: Scientific Interpretation of Surah Al-Hadid Verse 25 Fawwaz, Muammar; Sampurno, Bambang
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 2 (2025): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i2.381

Iron is a vital element for life, playing essential roles in oxygen transport, metabolism, enzymatic activity, and cognitive development. Surah Al-Hadid [57]:25 of the Qur’an references iron, which aligns with its biological, medical, and cosmic significance. This review examines the intersection of Qur’anic references, astrophysical evidence, and biomedical research related to iron, highlighting the numerical correlations between the surah number (57) and Fe-57, and verse 25 with iron’s atomic number (26). Modern astrophysics confirms that iron is synthesized in stars and delivered to Earth via supernovae, echoing the Qur’anic expression “We sent down iron”. Biologically, iron deficiency causes anemia, impaired immunity, and cognitive deficits, while iron-based therapeutics—including oral supplements, parenteral formulations, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems—demonstrate its crucial role in human health. Surah Al-Hadid [57]:25 exemplifies the convergence of divine revelation and scientific knowledge, encouraging ethical and informed utilization of natural elements in medicine and technology, reflecting harmony between spiritual guidance and scientific inquiry.

Revealing the Antioxidant Content in Banana Plants: A Nutritional Perspective and Health Benefits Ummum, Andi; Fawwaz, Muammar; Yuliana, Dewi
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 2 (2025): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i2.380

The banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) is a fruit widely consumed across tropical regions and recognized for its rich nutritional value and diverse bioactive compounds that contribute to human health. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant content of banana plants from both nutritional and pharmacological perspectives through a comprehensive literature review. The review was conducted using scientific articles and official guidelines published between 2015 and 2025. The findings indicate that the banana pulp contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates (27%), proteins (1%), and a variety of vitamins and minerals including calcium, potassium, and iron. In contrast, the banana peel, often considered agricultural waste, is abundant in bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids, which contribute to its antioxidant potential. Antioxidant activity in banana extracts has been reported using various analytical methods, including DPPH (IC₅₀ = 439.12 µg/mL), FRAP (26.5828 mg QE/g extract), ABTS (IC₅₀ = 60.50–95.85 ppm), CUPRAC (EC₅₀ = 101–150 µg/mL), and CAA (397 ± 5 µmol TE/100 g) assays. Moreover, fruit maturity influences antioxidant capacity, with unripe banana peels generally exhibiting higher antioxidant activity than ripe ones. These results highlight that banana plants, particularly their peels, possess considerable potential as natural antioxidant sources for use in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, the valorization of banana peel aligns with the circular economy concept, promoting sustainable agricultural waste management and environmental conservation.

Co-Authors A. Muflihunna A. Muflihunna Ahmad Najib Ahmad, Aktsar Roskiana Ainunnisa, Mufti Akbar, Harul Aminah Aminah Aminah Aminah Aminah Aminah Amula, Andi Tenri Andi Trihadi Kusuma Andika, Yusrianti Anggraeni, Bella Ardin, Nisradhiyah Caesarika Arifin, Marina Asni Amin Asriani Suhaenah Astika, Elvina Audia Triani Olii, Audia Triani Ayu Natalisnawati Bambang Sampurno, Bambang Dewi Yuliana Dian Harisman Diana Syam Muliadi Fairuz Dyah Widowati Faradiba Faradiba Faradiba Feralia, Feralia Hartanto, Nadhifah Riski Harti Widiastuti Indira Wahab Lukman La Basy Mamat Pratama Mamat Pratama Mamat Pratama, Mamat Masdiana Tahir Muhammad Ikhlas Arsul Munawaroh , Rima Musafira Musafira Muzakkir Baits Muzakkir Baits, Muzakkir Nur Alifah Nur Ramadhana Dewi Safitri, Nur Ramadhana Dewi Nurkamilah, Andi Permatasari, Andi Purwono , Bambang Rahayu, Rita Rahayu, Triasuti Rahmawati Rahmawati Rahmawati, Rahmawati Rais Razak Rais Razak, Rais Rina Iriani Ririn Ririn Riski Mentari Jahri Saparuddin Latu Sari , Banuwati Kartika Seniwati Dali Seniwati Seniwati Seniwati Seniwati, Seniwati Siti Nurdiansyah A Tadjuddin Naid Trio Ageng Prayitno, Trio Ageng Ummum, Andi Yasir Sidiq Yulianto, Yuni Zakinah Zainal Abidin Zakinah , Yuni Zulperi, Dzarifah

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