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Discovery of thymol-fused chalcones as new competitive \(\alpha\)-glucosidase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies Danova, Ade; Hermawati, Elvira; Chavasiri, Warinthorn; Mujahidin, Didin; Alni, Anita; Roswanda, Robby
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.9.2.2024.1497

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize and evaluate the inhibitory activity of thymol derivatives targeting ?-glucosidase using in vitro and in silico studies. Ten thymol derivatives (2-11) including five new thymol-fused chalcones (7-11) were successfully synthesized. Among them, four compounds (4, 8, 9, 11) showed the best inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 18.45, 13.75, 8.86, and 10.67µM compared with acarbose (IC50 = 832.82 µM), respectively. The kinetic study of three new thymol-fused chalcones (8, 9, 11) exhibited a competitive inhibition. Molecular docking demonstrated the predicted interactions between ligand (8, 9, 11) and ?-glucosidase, which are responsible for inhibiting the enzyme's catalytic abilities. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation of the enzyme-ligand 9 complex indicated that this complex was stable in aqueous condition. This research contributes significantly to the understanding of thymol-fused chalcones that may have therapeutic potential and their possible application in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for further study.
In vitro evaluation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies of resorcinol derivatives against yeast α‐glucosidase Danova, Ade; Hermawati, Elvira; Chavasiri, Warinthorn; Mujahidin, Didin; Musthapa, Iqbal; Kurniadewi, Fera
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 30, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.106495

Abstract

Nine resorcinol derivatives were evaluated for their ability to inhibit yeast α‐glucosidase using the in vitro method. Three molecular docking programs (Autodock Vina, Autodock4 and DockThor) were employed to determine the binding energies. The results showed that two resorcinol derivatives possessing butanoyl (1) and butyl (9) groups demonstrated good inhibitory activity against α‐glucosidase, with IC50 values of 75.9 and 33.3 µM respectively, compared with other derivatives (2–8) and acarbose (IC50 = 832.8 µM). Furthermore, molecular docking indicated that compounds 1 and 9 had better binding affinities than acarbose and the native ligand. Both compounds showed similar interactions with Asp349 and Glu408, which were associated with acarbose and the native ligand. Moreover, molecular dynamics analysis indicated that compound 9 exhibited greater stability than compound 1 when complexed with α‐glucosidase. Therefore, compound 9 has the potential for further studies, both in vitro and in vivo, to evaluate its toxicity, side effects and efficacy.
Anti-tyrosinase Activity of 3’,4’,5’-Trimethoxychalcones: Experimental and Computational Studies Danova, Ade; Hermawati, Elvira; Chavasiri, Warinthorn; Mujahidin, Didin; Musthapa, Iqbal; Kurniadewi, Fera
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.4.982-989

Abstract

Tyrosinase inhibitors are utilized as preservatives in the food industry and skin-lightening agents in the medical and cosmetic sectors. However, there has been little progress in clinical trials owing to challenges such as low bioavailability, significant skin irritation, and instability. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of 3’,4’,5’-trimethoxychalcones through in vitro, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies targeting tyrosinase. Five 3’,4’,5’-trimethoxychalcones (1-5) were evaluated their biological activity against tyrosinase for the first time. Compounds 4 and 5 were excellent inhibitory activity against tyrosinase with IC50 values of 1.9 and 1.7 μm compared with kojic acid and ascorbic acid. Isovanillin and catechol moieties are vital in this present study. This result was supported with molecular docking by shaping interaction in the catalytic site with histidine residues and the stability evaluation of the inhibitor-protein complexes using molecular dynamics simulation. The lipinski’s rules showed a fit with two potential inhibitors (4, 5). Therefore, 3’,4’,5’-trimethoxychalcones possessing isovanillin and catechol parts in the B ring are promising candidate for further study as tyrosinase inhibitors by evaluating their efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
Study and Characterization of Nitration of Isovanillic Acid Derivatives using NMR and Mass Spectroscopy Hermawati, Elvira; Sa'adah, Pipih Lutfi; Danova, Ade; Mujahidin, Didin; Musthapa, Iqbal
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n3.62271

Abstract

Isovanillic acid and its derivatives serve as precursors in the synthesis of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which are used to treat cancer cell lines. A crucial step in this process is the nitration of isovanillic acid through nucleophilic aromatic substitution, resulting in 6-nitroisovanilic acid and its derivatives, which act as intermediates for forming a quinazolinone ring. However, this study revealed that direct nitration of isovanillic acid derivatives led to unexpected products, such as 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,6-dinitrobenzoic acid (1) and 4-(3-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)propyl)morpholine (4). Additionally, the optimal conditions for etherification of 2 with N-(3-chloropropyl)morpholine to produce 3 involved using Cs2CO3 in DMF and refluxing for 7 hours, achieving an 89% yield. All synthesized compounds were characterized using NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry was employed for two compounds (3, 4). Compound 1 represents the first report of direct nitration of isovanillic acid. Compound 4 was synthesized for the first time from 3 through a one-pot process involving hydrolysis and decarboxylation, followed by nitration at carbon C-1 without metal catalysis, as confirmed by a NOESY 1D experiment. Moreover, the application of 4 could hold promise for future advancements in medicinal chemistry.
Green Surfactant: Synthesis of Sulfonate Surfactants Using Strecker Modification Techniques and Surfactant Formulation for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (Ceor) Applications Ilham ardatul putra; Yudha Taufantri; Yani F. Alli; Dadan Damayandri; Yohanes B.D. Wangge; Didin Mujahidin
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 48 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v48i2.1779

Abstract

Despite the continuing development of sustainable sources of energy, crude oil and natural gas resources remain crucial elements of the international economy. With global petroleum and liquid fuel demand continually increasing, improving the efficiency of extraction from existing natural reserves of petroleum is of utmost importance as the world gradually transitions away from fossil fuels toward more sustainable sources. Toward that end, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques have been developed and are used to minimize the amount of crude oil and petroleum that is left behind in underground reservoirs from conventional drilling extraction methods. In this study, surfactants were synthesized using a fatty acid derived from palm oil as a hydrophobic group and sulfonat as a hydrophilic group. The use of vegetable oil as the raw material is likely due to its abundance and environmentally friendly. Sulfonation of anionic surfactant was performed by utilizing the Strecker modification technique in which an alkali metal bisulfite (versus sulfite) is used to sulfonate the epoxide group. The preferred sulfonating reagent is a mixture of sodium bisulphite and sodium sulfite (1:1; 1:2; 1:2.5) as well as various time reactions. Product surfactant was characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to determine the optimum condition and reaction conversion. The molecular structure of surfactant was confirmed by 1H NMR. Nonionic surfactant was then analyzed by measuring the interfacial tension (IFT) of oil and water, wettability, and imbibition test. The results showed that the optimum conditions to obtain the hight convertion were achieved by reacting oleil glisidil ether and Sodium Sulfite-Bisulfit at an equivalent mole ratio of 1: 2 and 21 hours’ reaction time. Oleil Glisidil Eter Sulfonat surfactant was able to decrease the IFT of oil and water as 10-2 dyne/cm in brine salinity condition of 18000 ppm and oil 34,39 OAPI. This study also formulated surfactants OGES and OGEP so that the IFT was up to 10-3 and the recovery factor from the imbibition test was up to 75% Rf. The results were then used to design the synthesis of vegetable surfactant oil with various carbon chain lengths and functional groups as an EOR surfactant hydrophobic group.
Transformasi Pembelajaran SMK Dalam Penerapan Deep Learning: Analisis Teoretis dan Bibliometrik Romadin, Achmad; Mujahidin, Didin
Jurnal Profesi Kependidikan Vol 6, No 2 OKT (2025): Jurnal Profesi Kependidikan
Publisher : Jurnal Profesi Kependidikan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Artikel ini membahas transformasi pembelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) sebelum dan sesudah penerapan pendekatan deep learning, baik sebagai strategi pedagogis maupun teknologi kecerdasan buatan. Kajian ini memanfaatkan analisis bibliometrik dan literatur terkini untuk memahami perubahan perilaku belajar siswa, metode pengajaran, evaluasi kompetensi, serta relevansi pembelajaran vokasi terhadap kebutuhan industri modern. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum penerapan deep learning, pembelajaran SMK masih didominasi pola surface learning, hafalan, dan kegiatan praktik yang minim refleksi. Setelah penerapan deep learning, terjadi peningkatan signifikan pada kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi, keterlibatan aktif, analisis data, literasi teknologi, serta kesiapan kerja. Studi ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi pembelajaran mendalam sebagai strategi untuk menjembatani kesenjangan kompetensi antara dunia pendidikan dan kebutuhan industri digital.
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHALCONE DERIVATIVES FROM Kaempferia pandurata RHIZOMES AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATE BACTERIA Marliyana, Soerya Dewi; Syah, Yana Maolana; Mujahidin, Didin -
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 13, No 1 (2017): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.13.1.4232.41-51

Abstract

In vitro antibacterial activity of chalcone derivatives from “temu kunci” (K. pandurta) rhizomes against clinical isolate bacteria has been done. Two chalcone derivatives, panduratin A (1) and 4-hydroxypanduratin A (2) were isolated from Kaempferia pandurata rhizomes. Isolation of the chemical components were done with extraction (maceration), vacuum liquid chromatography and radial chromatography methods. The structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1D and 2D), then compare with data from literatures. Antibacterial activity was carried out with reference to the CLSI microdilution method, against eight clinical isolate bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysentriae and Vibrio cholerae. Compounds 1 and 2 showed significant antibacterial activity with highest activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis with MIC values of 2.4 to 18.8 µg/mL and MBC values of 4.8 to 37.5 µg/mL. These results showed these compounds as potential antibacterial agent for clinical isolate bacteria.
Rapid and Controlled: Microflow Reactor-Assisted Synthesis of Cinnamaldehyde and Ethyl Cinnamate along with Their Cytotoxic Activity Against Several Cell Lines Nindita Fransiska Rahmawati; Muhtadi Muhtadi; Andi Suhendi; Ahmad Fauzi; Didin Mujahidin; Ahwan Ahwan; Agustono Wibowo
Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Borneo Journal of Pharmacy
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v9i2.11781

Abstract

Cinnamaldehyde is a major aromatic compound utilized in the pharmaceutical industry due to its diverse biological activities, including anticancer potential. This study aims to develop a rapid and controlled synthesis method for cinnamaldehyde and ethyl cinnamate using microflow reactor technology, followed by structural elucidation and cytotoxic evaluation against HeLa, MCF-7, and T47D cancer cell lines. The synthesis of cinnamaldehyde was performed via aldol condensation of benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde (1.3:1 molar ratio) at 70°C, while ethyl cinnamate was synthesized through a two-step process involving Pinnick oxidation and Fischer esterification. The results demonstrated that microflow synthesis achieved a cinnamaldehyde yield of 52% with high purity (100% based on HPLC relative area), and ethyl cinnamate with 99% purity. In cytotoxic assays, synthesized cinnamaldehyde exhibited moderate activity, most notably against HeLa cells with an IC₅₀ of 95 µg/mL, whereas ethyl cinnamate showed lower potency (IC₅₀ > 200 µg/mL). Although the synthesized compounds were less potent than the standard cinnamaldehyde (IC₅₀ 1.56 µg/mL) and Doxorubicin control, this study confirms that microflow reactor technology is a highly effective and time-efficient method for producing high-purity cinnamate derivatives.
Co-Authors Abdul Rajab Achmad Romadin Ade Danova Affrida Affrida Agustono Wibowo Ahmad Fauzi Ahwan Ahwan Aisyah Aisyah Aisyah Aisyah Alfhons Daniel Sirampun Aminudin Sulaeman Andi Pawawoi Andi Suhendi Anita Alni Anita Alni Anita Alni, Anita Ari D. Pasek Aryadi Suwono Asep Aripin Asnizar Asnizar Buchari Buchari Chavasiri, Warinthorn Dadan Damayandri Danova, Ade Eliza Eliza Emilia Evi Marlina Emilio L. Ghisalberti Euis Holisotan Hakim Euis Holisotan Hakim Euis Holisotan Hakim Fareza, Muhamad Salman Fera Kurniadewi Hans Martin Rudolf Hoffman Hans Martin Rudolf Hoffman, Hans Martin Rudolf Hermawati, Elvira Hiromitsu Takayama Hiromitsu Takayama Ilham Ardatul Putra Indra Noviandri Iqbal Musthapa Irfansyah Rizal Joko Santoso Kurniadewi, Fera Lia Dewi Juliawati Lukman Makmur Lukman Makmur Lukman Makmur Lukman Makmur Lukman Makmur Lukman Makmur Mariko Kitajima Mariko Kitajima Meilisa Dara Puspita Muhtadi Muhtadi Nila Berghuis Tamaela Nila Berghuis Tamaela, Nila Berghuis Nindita Fransiska Rahmawati Norio Aimi Norio Aimi Nuryanti Nuryanti Pirim Setiarso Pirim Setiarso Rehana Rehana Reny Rosalina Reny Rosalina Rino Rakhmata Mukti Robby Roswanda Rusjdi Tamin Rusjdi Tamin Sa'adah, Pipih Lutfi Shinta Ellisya Fauzia Siti Nurbayti Siti Zubaidah Sjamsul Arifin Achmad Sjamsul Arifin Achmad Sjamsul Arifin Achmad Sjamsul Arifin Achmad Sjamsul Arifin Achmad Sjamsul Arifin Achmad Soerya Dewi Marliyana Soerya Dewi Marliyana Sulaeman, Aminudin Syamsurizal Syamsurizal Tedi Abdul Ghofar Teguh Hafiz Ambarwibawa Tukiran Tukiran Valentina Adimurti Yana M Syah Yana Maolana Syah Yani F. Alli YAYA RUKAYADI Yohanes B.D. Wangge Yoharmus Syamsu Yudha Taufantri Yuli S. Indartono