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Antibacterial activity of two isolated endophytic extracts assosiated with Indonesian mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata Fareza, Muhamad Salman; Choironi, Nur Amalia; Harwoko, Harwoko; Sunarto, Sunarto
Pharmaciana Vol 8, No 1 (2018): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Endophytic fungi are microorganisms reside in the living tissues of the host plant. This fungi can contribute to provide protection to the host from the infection caused by another microorganism. The one reasonable strategy to discover a new antibacterial agent from endophytic fungi are from the plant which lived in special condition such Rhizophora mucronata. The aim of this research is to determine antibacterial activity of the endophytic fungi extracts assosiated with Rhizophora mucronata from Sagara anakan. The isolated endophytic fungi was identified as Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Peniophora lycii using molecular analysis method. The antibacterial activity was carried out by using microdillution method. The antibacterial properties from mycelium extracts showed moderate to low antibacterial activity with Minimum Inhibitory Consentration (MIC) values of 125-500 Âµg mL-1 against Eshcerichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 bacteria. The n-hexane extract of both endophytic fungi shows the strongest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with MIC values of 125 Âµg mL-1

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Test of Leaf Extract of Canar Susu (Smilax macrocarpa Blume) Against Eschercihia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis Lela Lailatul Khumaisah; Vina Juliana Anggraeni; Muhamad Salman Fareza
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo Vol 7 No 1 (2019): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Smilax adalah salah satu genus Smilacaceae yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai tumbuhan obat karena mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder dengan beberapa bioaktivitas, seperti anti-inflamasi, antirematik, analgentik, antioksidan, antikanker dan antibakteri. Spesies Smilax yang belum pernah dikaji dan hanya tumbuh di Indonesia adalah Smilax macrocarpa Blume (canar susu). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik simplisia, kandungan fitokimia, beserta sifat toktsisitas dan antibakterinya dari ekstrak daun tumbuhan ini. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi menggunakan teknik maserasi dengan pelarut metanol. Selanjutnya terhadap ekstrak S. macrocarpa Blume dilakukan karakteristik simplisia, uji toksisitas dengan metode BSLT, skrining fitokimia menurut metode Harborne, dan uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode mikrodilusi terhadap bakteri Escherihia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh diketahui bahwa ekstrak metanol daun canar susu mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, tanin, terpenoid, saponin dan glikosida. Kadar air, kadar abu, kadar abu tak larut asam, kadar sari air, dan kadar sari alkohol berturut-turut 8,74%; 3,60%; 0,11%; 19,01% dan 5,40%. Hasil toksisitas ekstrak diperoleh nilai LC50 sebesar 680,07 ppm. Pada uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E. coli memiliki nilai MIC 625 ppm, sedangkan pada P. aeruginosa dan S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 masing-masing 1.250 ppm. Adapun nilai MBC untuk E. coli, P. aeruginosa dan S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 masing-masing sebesar 5.000 ppm. Dari hasil ini canar susu tidak berpotensi sebagai antibakteri, tetapi bisa berpotensi sebagai biopestisida dilihat dari nilai toksisitasnya.

Aktivitas Antifungi Esktrak Etanol Daun Kamboja Merah (Plumeria rubra L.) Terhadap Pityrosporum ovale Rizki Akbar Ramadhan; Rehana Rehana; Muhamad Salman Fareza
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo Vol 6 No 2 (2018): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metabolit sekunder dan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak etanol daun kamboja merah (Plumeria rubra L.) terhadap fungi Pityrosporum ovale penyebab ketombe. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan metode maserasi dalam pelarut etanol. Kandungan kimia pada ekstrak diidentifikasi dengan kromatografi lapis tipis. Aktivitas antifungi dilakukan dengan metode dilusi padat untuk memperoleh nilai KHM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun kamboja merah mengandung flavonoid dan terpenoid. KHM yang didapat adalah 1750 ppm.

Antibacterial activity of two isolated endophytic extracts assosiated with Indonesian mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata Muhamad Salman Fareza; Nur Amalia Choironi; Harwoko Harwoko; Sunarto Sunarto
Pharmaciana Vol 8, No 1 (2018): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Endophytic fungi are microorganisms reside in the living tissues of the host plant. This fungi can contribute to provide protection to the host from the infection caused by another microorganism. The one reasonable strategy to discover a new antibacterial agent from endophytic fungi are from the plant which lived in special condition such Rhizophora mucronata. The aim of this research is to determine antibacterial activity of the endophytic fungi extracts assosiated with Rhizophora mucronata from Sagara anakan. The isolated endophytic fungi was identified as Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Peniophora lycii using molecular analysis method. The antibacterial activity was carried out by using microdillution method. The antibacterial properties from mycelium extracts showed moderate to low antibacterial activity with Minimum Inhibitory Consentration (MIC) values of 125-500 Âµg mL-1 against Eshcerichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 bacteria. The n-hexane extract of both endophytic fungi shows the strongest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with MIC values of 125 Âµg mL-1

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Non Fenolik dari Daun Gowok (Syzygium polycephalum Miq.) Nur Amalia Choironi; Kaefiyah Nurul Insani; Dina Parika; Sunarto Sunarto; Ade Martinus; Muhamad Salman Fareza
MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): JUNE
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Surabaya

Syzygium polychepalum (gowok) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang sering digunakan sebagai obat tradisional di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian fitokimia terhadap daun gowok yang berasal dari Purwokerto. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi, sedangkan fraksinasi dan pemurnian dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi vakum cair dan gravitasi. Karakterisasi senyawa hasil isolasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode spektroskopi 1H-NMR dan GC-MS. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa isolat merupakan senyawa asam lemak jenuh yaitu asam heksadekanoat dan 3-etilpropanoat.

Efek antibakteri ekstrak larva Chrysomya megacephala terhadap Enterococcus faecalis sebagai alternatif bahan irigasi saluran akarAntibacterial effect of Chrysomya megacephala larva extract on Enterococcus faecalis as a root canal irrigant alternative Rizka Hidayati; Ari Asnani; Muhamad Salman Fareza; Dwi Utami Anjarwati
Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Vol 32, No 2 (2020): Agustus 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jkg.v32i2.27094

Pendahuluan: Desinfeksi saluran akar dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan bahan irigasi saluran akar pada perawatan endodontik. Selama ini, natrium hipoklorit (NaOCl) menjadi protokol bahan irigasi saluran akar karena bersifat antimikroba. Penggunaan NaOCl memiliki kekurangan karena kurang adekuat dalam mengeliminasi bakteri persisten dalam saluran akar gigi, seperti Enterococcus faecalis. Upaya pengeliminasian E. faecalis yang dapat dilakukan yakni dengan mengkombinasikan NaOCl dengan bahan irigasi lain atau menggunakan bahan alternatif lain. Salah satu bahan alam yang memiliki efek antibakteri adalah ektrak larva dari lalat hijau (Chrysomya megacephala). Produk eksretori dan sekretori larva instar ke-3 C. megacephala mengandung protease serin yang memiliki efek antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis efek antibakteri ekstrak larva C. megacephala dalam menghambat pertumbuhan E. faecalis. Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Ekstrak larva C. megacephala dibuat dengan konsentrasi 0-100%. Efek antibakteri diketahui dengan pengukuran nilai Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Nilai MIC diukur dengan metode pengenceran microbroth dalam cawan microtiter 96-well. Nilai MBC diukur dari hasil pengukuran MIC yang di-plating pada media kultur Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) dengan metode total counting. Hasil: Nilai MIC diperoleh pada ekstrak larva 50% (0,5x106mg/L) (p>0,05) sedangkan nilai MBC tidak ditemukan. Simpulan: Ekstrak larva C. Megacephala tidak memiliki efek yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Enterococcus faecalis.Kata kunci: Antibakteri, natrium hipoklorit, Chrysomya megacephala, Enterococcus faecalis. ABSTRACTIntroduction: In endodontic treatment, the root canal is disinfected by applying root canal irrigant. Commonly, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is used as the protocol of the root canal irrigant due to its antimicrobial effects. The usage of NaOCl has limitation because it is inadequate in eliminating persistent bacteria in the root canal, such as Enterococcus faecalis. The effort to eliminate E. faecalis is by combining NaOCl with other irrigant or using an alternative material. One of the natural products with antibacterial effects is the larva extract of greenfly (Chrysomya megacephala). The excretory and secretory products of the third instar of the larva contain serine protease that has been known for the antibacterial effects. The purpose of this study was to analyse the antibacterial effect of Chrysomya megacephala larva extract in inhibiting the E. faecalis bacteria. Methods: Experimental laboratory research was conducted towards an extract of C. megacephala larva, which was prepared with a concentration of 0-100%. The antibacterial effect was determined by measuring the value of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The MIC values were measured by the micro broth dilution method in a 96-well microtiter dish. The MBC value was measured from the results of the MIC measurement plated on the Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) culture media using the total counting method. Results: The MIC values obtained in 50% larva extract was 0.5x106mg / L (p > 0.05) while the MBC value was not found. Conclusion: Chrysomya megacephala larva extract does not have the effect in inhibiting the Enterococcus faecalis.Keywords: Antibacterial, sodium hypochlorite, Chrysomya megacephala, Enterococcus faecalis.

THE EFFECT OF CIPLUKAN EXTRACT (Physalis angulata L.) TO THE NUMBER OF FIBROBLASTS IN IMIQUIMOD INDUCES PSORIASIS MICE MODEL Irse Priyaganda Bani Musa; Thianti Sylviningrum; Dody Novrial; Muhamad Salman Fareza
Mandala Of Health Vol 14 No 1 (2021): Mandala Of Health
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Imiquimod induces activation of Th17 cells and dendritic cells that play a role in psoriasis. Ciplukan extract ( Physalis angulata L.) contains steroid compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins such as Physalin B, Physalin F, Physalin G which have anti-inflammatory activity in psoriasis pathophysiology. This research is an experimental research with post test only with control group design. Thirty five female mice were divided into 7 groups. Group A: negative control, group B: positive control, group C induced by imiquimod and given with ciplukan extract 400 mg/kg BW for 7 days, group D induced by imiquimod and given with ciplukan extract 800 mg/kg BW for 7 days, group E induced imiquimod and given with ciplukan extract 1,200 mg/kg BW for 7 days, group F induced by imiquimod and given with methotrexate 1 mg/kg BW for 7 days, and group G induced by imiquimod and given with a combination of ciplukan extract 1,200 mg/kgBW and methotrexate 1mg/kgBW for 7 days. 7 days. The number of fibroblast cells was counted on the fifteenth day by taken a sample of mouse skin and made histological preparations and then counted manually used a microscope. The mean number of fibroblast cells in groups A, B, C, D, E, F, and G were 21.6±2.3, respectively; 39.2±5.5; 30.6±1.3; 24.0±2.8; 24.8±2.9; 28,4±3,0;28,2±3,2 . The results of the test One Way ANOVA showed a value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), so that the results are significant. Keywords: ciplukan extract, fibroblast, methotrexate , Physalis angulata

THE EFFECT OF CIPLUKAN EXTRACT (Physalis angulata L.) AS ANTIPSORIATIC AND TO LYMPHOCYTES COUNT OF SKIN TISSUE IN PSORIASIS MICE MODEL Putri Nur'afni Sa'adah; Thianti Sylviningrum; Dody Novrial; Fajar Wahyu Pribadi; Wahyu Dwi Kusdaryanto; Muhamad Salman Fareza
Mandala Of Health Vol 14 No 1 (2021): Mandala Of Health
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

ABSTRACT Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease in form of papule-shaped lesion and erythematous plaques with thick white scales. The pathogenesis of psoriasis involves IL-23/Th-17 cytokine pathway that contributes the activation of T-lymphocytes and proinflammatory cytokines. Treatment of psoriasis using methotrexate has inhibitory effect of the synthesis of nucleic acid towards T-lymphocytes and keratinocytes. Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) has anti-inflammatory potential effect which contains steroid, flavonoid, alkaloid, and physalin that may inhibit lymphocyte activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. The study is used the method of experimental study with post test only with control group design. Thirty five female mices were divided into 7 groups. The parameters of this study is anti-psoriatic (PASI and Baker’s score) and lymphocytes count in psoriasis mice model. The results of Kruskal-Wallis, PASI and Baker’s score showed that p=0,001 (p<0,05) and the result of lymphocytes count using One Way ANOVA showed that p=0,001 (p<0,05). The 800 mg/kgBW dose of ciplukan extract showed the largest decrease on PASI score and lymphocytes count, and the 1200 mg/kgBW dose one showed the largest decrease on the Baker’s score. The present of the 800 mg/kgBW dose of ciplukan extract gives the most optimal effect in reducing PASI score and skin tissue lymphocytes count in psoriasis mice model that were not significantly different with the treatment control group, while 1200 mg/kgBW dose one gives the most optimal effect in reducing Baker’s score that were significantly different with the treatment control group. Keywords: Ciplukan extract, lymphocytes, methotrexate, Physalis angulata L

Free Chlorine Determination in Disinfectant Product using Visible Spectrophotometry based on Prussian Blue Degradation Wasito, Hendri; Siagian, Defi Srium; Fareza, Muhamad Salman
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 9 No 2 (2021): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2021.9.2.5371

Disinfectant products with excessive chlorine could be dangerous for health and need quality control. It is important to develop an analytical method for monitoring product quality. The main objective of this work is to develop an alternative method and evaluate the analytical performance of visible spectrophotometry for determining free chlorine in disinfectant products based on the Prussian blue decomposition process. The capability of chlorine to oxidize ferrous to ferric ions makes the Prussian blue generated by ferrosulfate and potassium ferricyanide is decomposed and measured by spectrophotometer. The formation of Prussian blue was improved by optimizing some reaction conditions and assessing incubation time. Linearity, analytical concentration range, precision, accuracy, detection limit, and quantitation limit parameters were among the examined analytical parameters. The results showed that the optimum concentration of ferrosulfate, potassium ferysianide, and hydrochloric acid for Prussian blue formation was 2.0 mmol L-1, 3.0 mmol L-1, and 0.5 mol L-1, respectively, with 15 minutes incubation time after chlorine addition. Analytical performance parameters seemed appropriate for routine analysis purposes. The developed method can also be applied as an alternative analytical method to determine the free chlorine concentration of disinfection products in the market.

Phytochemical screening and purification of n-hexane fraction of Calophyllum soulattri leaves Sunarto, Sunarto; Yuliasari, Agnes; Susilowati, Sri Sutji; Wasito, Hendri; Wijaya, Triyadi Hendra; Fareza, Muhamad Salman
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 10 No 2 (2022): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2022.10.2.5858

Background: Calophyllum soulattri Burm F. is widely utilized in traditional medicine. It is necessary to identify secondary metabolites from C. soulattri leaves to determine the pharmacologically active chemicals. Objective: This study aimed to screen the phytochemical content and purify the n-hexane fraction of C. soulattri leaves from Banyumas, Indonesia. Methods: The n-hexane fraction was macerated with methanol, followed by liquid-liquid fractionation with n-hexane. The n-hexane fraction was tested for flavonoids, triterpenoids/steroids, saponins, and phenols using the test tube method. In addition, the compounds were purified using column chromatography. The purified compound was identified by the Liebermann-Burchard reagent, which was compared with commercially available steroid drugs as reference. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that the n-hexane fraction of C. soulattri leaves contained secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, steroid, and phenol compounds. Analyses with the Liebermann-Burchard reagent indicated that the purified compound was potentially a steroid. Conclusion: The compound extracted from the n-hexane fraction of C. soulattri leaves was expected as a steroid.

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