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PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI SABUT KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN BAHAN PENGAKTIF NH4HCO3 DAN (NH4)2C03 DOSIS RENDAH 1) Gustan Pari; Ilah Sailah
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 19, No 4 (2001): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2001.19.4.231-244

Abstract

This report deals with experimental study on the utilization of palm-tree bast as raw material for activated charcoal. In this regard, the main aim was to study the effect of concentrations of vaporized  NH4HCO3and (NH4)2C03 solutions as activating agents (in persentages) on properties of activated charcoal, and to evaluate its use for purifying ground waler In this regard. the vapors might consist of NH3, CO2, and H2O. The manufacture of activated charcoal involved two consecutive stages, i.e. charcoaling and activation. The charcoaling was performed on the palm-tree bast in a retort equipped with electrical heater, followed by the activation stage where by the inside retort temperature was increased to 850ºC. At this temperature, the vapors of both NH4HCO3and (NH4)2C03 were each passed into the retort al several concentrations (i.e. 0.0 %; 0.01%; 0.025%; 0.075%. and 0.1% of either vapor) for 90 minutes at pressure of 0.05 kg/cm2 and on completion the resulting activated charcoal was examined of their inherent properties.It was found out that the activated charcoal with NH4HCO3vapor at 0.01% revealed the most satisfactory properties with respect to its selection for purifying the ground water. The yield of activated charcoal at this vapor percentage was 15.99%, moisture content 0.10%, ash content 31.85%, volatile matter 24.85%, carbon content 43.21%, adsorptive capacity of benzene 13.33 %, of CHCl3  16.28%, of NH3 26.65%. of CCl4 26.64%, of iodine 799.5 mg/g, of methylene blue 136.10 mg/g and surface area 463.41 m2/g.           ·The ground water afler being purified with this selected activated charcoal revealed the improvement on its qualities. as shown by the decreases in Fe from 4.919 mg/l; to 0.00 mg/I, Zn from 0.031 mg/I to 0.00 mg/I, Mn from 7.780 mg/I to 6.16 mg/I; the increase in pH from 6.99 to 8.00 on and the more transparent in its color.
ANALISIS KIMIA 6 JENIS KAYU UNTUK HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI Gustan Pari; Nurmala Hudaya
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 1 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1992.10.1.7-11

Abstract

This paper  deals with  a  chemical  analysis  of  six wood  species  obtained   from  industrial plantation Forest. The  analysis  comprises  of  the  determination    of  holocellulose.  lignin, pentosan,  moisture  content,   ash content, silica content  and  solubility  in cold water  hot  water,  sodium  hydroxide and ethanol  benzene   content. The result  shows  that  holocellulose  content  ranges  from  50.2  -   63.2 percent,    cellulose from  42.6  -   56.2 percent. The  high. celloluse content  are Dipterocarpus  haseltii,   Diryobalanops     lanceollata,  Shorea    and Agathis  ]orantifo1ia. Lignin   '(rom  .24. 7  -    3'2.4  percent,    pentosan   from   15.2  -    19.0  percent.   ash cotent  from   0. 4 - 1. 8 percent.   Silica content from 0.1 -    a. 2 percent,   moisture   content from    10.2 -   32.0 percent.   Solubility  in cold water  from  2. 0 - 5.1 percent,    hot  water  from  3.5 -   5.8 percent,  in one percent   sodium  hydroxide  from  12.9 -   17. 6 percent   and so lubility in  ethano1-benzene   (1:2)  from   5.2 - 13.2 percent.Based  on  chemical  analysis, especially  the  cellulose  contants  the ,six  wood species for  timber  estate  are suitable  as raw material  for pulp  and paper  industry.
KUALITAS ARANG AKTIF DARI 5 JENIS KAYU (Activated charcoal quality from 5 wood species) Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 2 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.2.60-68

Abstract

Experimental study on several HTI wood species to produce activated charcoal is reported in this paper. The result showed that the yield  of activated charcoal range from 30,35  - 43,25 %,  moisture content from 9,23 - 13,34  %, ash content from 1,62  - 6,76 %, volatile matter from 4,94 - 6,65%, fixed  carbon from  88,30-   91,73   %, adsorptive capacity of iodine from 1002 - 1130 mg/g and adsorptive  capacity  of benzene from 33,50 - 44,02 %. Based on adsorptive capacity of iodine, good  quality  of  the  activated  charcoal  was produce from  sengon  (Paraserienthes falcataria) wood species, this  criteria  has  met the commercial standard  requirement of  the Indonesian Industrial Standard and Japanese Standard.The quality  of  the cajeput oil refined with the good quality of activated charcoal experiment shows that the cineol content became 23,17  % from,21,76  %.Key words :  HTI timbers, Activated charcoal, Properties, Quality
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ARANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum) Gusmailina Gusmailina; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 20, No 3 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2002.20.3.217-229

Abstract

The experiment has been conducted on utilizing different types of charcoal as growth-stimulating agents by adding each of them to the growing media (i.e. soil stuff) of red pepper plant; and subsequently evaluating their effects on its growth characteristics/ responses. There were three types of agents used and added to the media, i.e. rice-husk charcoal, bamboo charcoal, and sawdust-mixed charcoal. respectively. For comparative purposes, were also measured the growth responses of the red pepper plant whereby its growing media were added with compost as well as the Bokasi rice-husk charcoal compost, besides the ones in the medium without the addition of any growth agents (as control). This experiment revealed some remarkable results. as follows:•              Additions of 5 % bamboo charcoal or l 0 % rice-husk charcoal could increase the height growth of the red pepper plant, in comparison with the one grown on the control medium:• Additions of 10 % rice-husk charcoal could increase the stem diameter of the plant by 11 % compared to the one on the control medium;•              Likewise, additions of 5 % and 10 % sawdust-mixed charcoal could each increase the stem diameter by consecutively l1 % and 10 %, in comparison with the control;•              Additions of 10 % bamboo charcoal brought about the best effect with respect to the increase in the number as well as the weight in red-pepper fruits in their first harvest (i.e. 3-month age), compared to the control:•              Additions of 10 % rice- husk charcoal, 5 % bamboo charcoal, and 10 % sawdust-mixed charcoal each brought about also the best effect with respect to the increase in the dry weight of the plant, i.e.consecutively 2.0, 2.0, and 1.8 times as such as that of the control;•                              Average amount of C02 absorbed by the red- pepper plants for 3 months was 0.10-0.88 gram per plant. The highest C02 absorption was achieved by the corresponding plants with addition of 10 % sawdust-mixed charcoal (i.e. 1.88 gram C02 per plant), followed in decreasing order by the ones added with 10% rice-husk charcoal and 10 % bamboo charcoal (i.e. 1.67 gram C02per plant and 1.34 gram C02 per plant, respectively).
PEMBUATAN DAN KUALITAS ARANG AKTIF DARI KAYU SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) SEBAGAI BAHAN ADSORBEN Gustan Pari; Buchari Buchari; Aminudin Sulaeman
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 7 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.7.274-289

Abstract

The characterization  of activated charcoal from  steam activation of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) wood is reported in this paper. The purpose of this investigation was to study  the influences  of  temperature  and  concentration  of chemical  activator  on the activated  charcoal yield  and its  quality. The activated  charcoal  was produced  in  a stainless steel  retort  with electrical  heater  at the temperature  of  7000C, 8000C  and  9000C  and  for  activation  used NH4HCO3 with its consentration  0,5; 1,0; 3,0; 5,0 and 10% respectively.The best quality of the activated charcoal produced when the activation temperature  was 9000C with the NH4HCO3 1,0 %. The yield  of  activated  charcoal  was  5,90%,  moisturecontent 6,39  %, ash content 9,15 %, volatile matter 8,81 %, fixed  carbon 82,04 %. Adsorptive capacity of iodine was 1154,4  mg/g, NH3 25,08 %, CHCl3 42,28 %, CCl4 51,74 %, benzene 49,10% and methylene  blue 138,80 - 319,00  mg/g. Surface area was 1143,7 m2/g. The most abundance  of particle  size  was 4,00 - 5,65 micron  and pore volume  16,00 - 22,62  micron. High and diameter pore was 37,49 and 22,52 micron.
KARAKTERISTIK ARANG AKTIF TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT YANG DIMPREGNASI LOGAM NIKEL SEBAGAI KATALIS Rina Novia Yanti; Erliza Hambali; Gustan Pari; Ani Suryani
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 38, No 3 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2020.38.3.129-138

Abstract

Arang aktif yang berasal dari biomassa dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai aplikasi, karena memiliki porositas yang tinggi. Salah satu pemanfaatan arang aktif adalah sebagai bahan baku katalis. Arang aktif dalam penelitian ini berasal dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS ). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik arang aktif yang dimpregnasi logam Nikel (Ni) sebagai bahan baku katalis dalam proses upgrading bio oil. Aktivasi arang TKKS menggunakan larutan asam fosfat (H3PO4) dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% yang direndam selama 24 jam, dilanjutkan dengan kalsinasi pada suhu 750°C dan steam uap selama 60 menit. Aktivasi terbaik dari arang aktif menggunakan asam fosfat 10%, selanjutnya diimpregnasi logam nikel dengan konsentrasi 1%, 2%, 3%. Hasil karakteristik arang aktif impregnasi logam nikel  adalah daya serap iodin554-756 mg/g, daya serap metilen biru 38-90 mg/g dan luas permukaan 96-218 m2/g dengan diameter pori 8,48-16,21 µ.
KOMPOSISI KIMIA DAN KEAWETAN ALAMI 20 JENIS KAYU INDONESIA DENGAN PENGUJIAN DI BAWAH NAUNGAN Jasni Jasni; Gustan Pari; Esti Rini Satiti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 34, No 4 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2016.34.4.323-333

Abstract

Pemanfaatan kayu untuk berbagai produk seperti konstruksi bangunan, mebel, dan barang kerajinan perlu memperhatikan sifatnya, antara lain komponen kimia dan keawetannya, karena sifat ini saling berhubungan. Tulisan ini mempelajari komposisi kimia dan keawetan alami 20 jenis kayu dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Kandungan selulosa dianalisa berdasarkan metode Norman dan Jenkins, lignin berdasarkan SNI 14-0492-1989 dan zat ekstraktif berdasarkan SNI 14-1032-1989. Pengujian keawetan di lapangan dilakukan dengan pengujian kayu di bawah naungan. Pengujian keawetan tersebut dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Cikampek, Jawa Barat. Pengamatan dilakukan setelah satu tahun pengujian, dengan cara menilai persentase kerusakan contoh uji yang disebabkan oleh organisme perusak kayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar selulosa tertinggi pada jenis kayu Jaha (Terminalia arborea K. et. V.) (61,35%) dan terendah kayu bambang lanang (Michelia champaca L. var. pubinervia) (43,30%). Kadar lignin tertinggi 35,80% pada jenis kayu mahang putih (Macaranga hypoleuca Muell. Arg.) dan terendah 23,67% pada jeniskayu cempaka ( Elmerrillia papuana Dandy).Kadar zat ek straktif tertinggi (7,87%) ditemukan pada jenis kayu bawang (Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) M. Jacobs) dan terendah (1,52%) pada jenis kayu kandis (Pentaphalangium pachycarcum A. C. Smith.). Hasil penelitian keawetan alami kayu dari 20 jenis kayu terhadap organisme perusak kayu di lapangan, menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak empat jenis termasuk  awet (kelas II), enam jenis termasuk agak awet (kelas III), tiga jenis termasuk tidak awet (kelas IV) dan tujuh jenis termasuk sangat tidak awet (Kelas V).
PENINGKATAN RENDEMEN DAN DAYA SERAP ARANG AKTIF DENGAN CARA KIMIA DOSIS RENDAH DAN GASIFIKASI (Improvement on recovery and quality of activated charcoal through low dossage chemical and gasification treatment) Hartoyo Hartoyo; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 5 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1993.11.5.205-208

Abstract

Study for improving the recovery and quality of activated charcoal through the combination of chemical and gasification treatments is presented in this paper. The material used in this experiments was charcoal derived from coconut shell. The material was immersed respectively in NaOH, Na2CO3, H3PO4 and ZnCl2 for 24 hours. Charcoal activation was conduted by using steam or combination of steam and mixed C02 and N2. The activated charcoal was produced in a stainless steel retort with electric heater at temperature of 900 - 1000°C.The result shows that the low dossage chemical treatment using NaOH at a concentration of 0,75%, or Na2C03 at a concentration of 0,75%, or ZnCl2 at a concentration of 5%, followed by activation by steam or the combination of steam and mixed C02 and N2.could produce good.quality activated charcoal which fullfils the commercial standard according to JIS. The produced charcoal attained the iodine adsorptive capacity of more than 1050 mg/g. By increasing the concentration of ZnCI2 to 10% or H3P04 to 20 %. followed by steam activation at 900°C - 1000°C, the iodine adsorptive capacity increased to more than 1200 mg/g.
KARAKTERISASI ARANG AKTIF DARI ARANG SERBUK GERGAJIAN SENGON DENGAN BAHAN PENGAKTIF NH4HC03 Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 17, No 2 (1999): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1999.17.2.89-I00

Abstract

Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil penelitian  pembuatan arang aktif dari arang serbuk gergaji kayu sengon dengan cara akttvasi uap.  Penelitian bertujuan  untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan  konsentrasi  bahan pengaktif terhadap hasil dan kualitas  arang aktif  Proses pembuatan arang aktif dilakukan dalam tungku baja tahan karat yang dilengkapi dengan pemanas  listrik pada suhu  700C, 800C dan 900C. Sebagai bahan pengaktif digunakan larutan NH4HCO3 dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 3,0; 5,0 dan 10%.Kondisi optimum untuk membuat arang aktif dengan kualitas terbaik dihasilkan dari arang aktif yang  dibuat pada suhu 800C  dengan konsentrasi  NH4HC03 0,5  %.   Konsentrasi ini dapat menghasilkan rendemen arang aktif sebesar 41,0 %, kodar air 8,64 %,  kadar abu 9,09 %, kadar  zat  mudah  menguap  17,58  %, kadar karbon  terikat 73,33 %, daya  serap  terhadap benzena 24,53% dan daya serap terhadap yodium sebesar 1089,2  mg/g. Angka daya serap yodium ini memenuhi standard Jepang.
ANALISIS KOMPONEN KIMIA DARI KAYU SENGON DAN KAYU KARET PADA BEBERAPA MACAM UMUR Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 8 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.8.321-327

Abstract

This paper reported the result of chemical analysis from sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) with several age groups. The analysis comprise of the determination of holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, pentosan, ash content, silica content and the solubility in cold water, hot water, one percent of sodium hydroxide and alcohol benzene ex-tractives. These analysis were conducted to determine their basic characteristics and ultimate uses of the wood.The result showed that holocellulose content ranges from 66,46 - 70,90 % , cellulose from 46,62 - 49,88 %, lignin from 29,10 - 33,54 %, pentosan from 15,51 - 17,80 %, ash content from 0,45 - 1,25 %, silica content from 0,24 - 0,52 %, The solubility in cold water ranges from 3,12 - 5,40 %, hot water from 3,89 - 5,65 %, in NaOH 1 % from 13,06 - 16,06 % and in alcohol benzena (1:2)from 2,06 - 4,43 %. .Based on chemical analysis, especially the cellulose, lignin and pentosan content sengon and rubber wood are suitable as raw material for pulp and paper industry, except for 20 years old rubber wood.
Co-Authors Adi Santoso Aminudin Sulaeman Ani Suryani Buchari Buchari Dede Hermawan Dian Anggraini Indrawan Djeni Hendra Dudi Tohir Erliza Hambali Esti Rini Satiti Fityani B Lestari Gunawan Trisandi Pasaribu Gusmailina Gusmailina Han Roliadi Hartoyo Hartoyo Hery Widijanto Ignasia Maria Sulastiningsih Ilah Sailah Januar Ferry Jasni Jasni Kurnia Sofyan Lisna Efiyanti M Syachri Mahpudin Mahpudin Mustamu, Sofia Novitri Hastuti Nurmala Hudaya Rina Novia Yanti Rossi Margareth Tampubolon Saepuloh Saepuloh Setyani B Lestari Sri Komarayati Suci Aprianty Wati Tjutju Nurhayati Totok K Waluyo Wasrin Syafii