Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Sifat Fisikokimia Pati Sagu Termodifikasi dengan Metode Oksidasi Menggunakan Natrium Hipoklorit Erka Fitria; Purwiyatno Hariyadi; Nuri Andarwulan; Ria Noviar Triana
Jurnal Mutu Pangan : Indonesian Journal of Food Quality Vol. 5 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Food Science and Technology (ITP), Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) in collaboration with the Indonesian Food and Beverage Association (GAPMMI), the National Agency of Drug and Food Control, and th

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Indonesia has the largest sago plantation area in the world with sago flour production  up to 6.84 metric ton a year. Based on this data, sago starch has the potential to be utilized as food ingredients. However, some of its physicochemical characteristics have weaknesses and become its limitation in the processing and its application on food products.  Therefore, the modification process of sago starch by oxidation method could be used to change its characteristics. Oxidation was done by adding 1%, 2%, and 3% sodium hypoclorite for 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Physicochemical characteristics of  native and oxidized sago starch were measured for comparing their swelling power, solubility, gel strength, whiteness index, syneresis, and paste viscosity profile. The results showed that the carboxyl content increased and the amylose content decreased by the process. As compared to native sago starch, oxidation decreased swelling power capability, increased solubility, gel strength, whiteness index, also increased syneresis at the beginning of oxidation process but decreased with increasing time of oxidation and NaOCl concentration. Oxidation also affected the paste viscosity profile by increasing the pasting temperature, decreasing the peak viscosity, holding viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, and setback viscosity. These results showed that oxidized sago starch was better physicochemical characteristic than that of native starch in term of increasing the heat and shear resistant and reducing the tendency of retrogradation.
Rendemen Giling dan Mutu Beras pada Beberapa Unit Penggiling Padi Kecil Keliling di Kabupaten Banyuwangi Rosiana Ulfa; Purwiyatno Hariyadi; Tjahja Muhandri
Jurnal Mutu Pangan : Indonesian Journal of Food Quality Vol. 1 No. 1 (2014): Jurnal Mutu Pangan
Publisher : Department of Food Science and Technology (ITP), Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) in collaboration with the Indonesian Food and Beverage Association (GAPMMI), the National Agency of Drug and Food Control, and th

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Rice is the staple food for Indonesians. Consequently, rice milling services are in great demand by the rice farmers. The need of rice milling service has increased the number of mobile small scale rice milling units (PPK-keliling), especially at the rice production area. The objective of this research was to determine and compare the yield of milling and quality of the resulted rice due to milling process at mobile small scale rice milling (PPK-keliling) and large milling units (PPB) operating in Banyuwangi Regency. About 12 kg of rice grain each were milled at 12 different PPK units. The resulted white rice (milled and polished rice) were weighted and analyzed for its composition with respect to head rice, broken rice, small broken rice, rice chaffs (rice hulls) and rice brans. The yield and quality of the resulted milled rice were then compared with that of rice resulted from large rice milling units (PPB). There was no signi cant differ- ence in the yield of milling between PPK-keliling (62.40±3.23%) and PPB (64.54±1.21%). However, rice quality resulted from PPK-keliling (containing 28.87±8.76% and 26.34±9.28% of broken rice and small broken rice, respectively) was signi cantly lower than that from PPB (13.50±3.04% and 11.83±6.45% of broken rice and small broken rice, respectively. Overall, even though there was no signi cant different in term of yield between PPB and PPK-keliling, rice resulted from PPK-keliling has lower quality as com- pared with those of PPB. 
Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Tepung Kedelai dan Konsentrasi Glukono Delta Lakton (GDL) terhadap Sifat Fisik Tahu Instan Siti Fauziyyah Masykur; Dede Robiatul Adawiyah; Hoerudin Hoerudin; Purwiyatno Hariyadi
Jurnal Mutu Pangan : Indonesian Journal of Food Quality Vol. 3 No. 1 (2016): Jurnal Mutu Pangan
Publisher : Department of Food Science and Technology (ITP), Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) in collaboration with the Indonesian Food and Beverage Association (GAPMMI), the National Agency of Drug and Food Control, and th

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

New process for making instant tofu was developed. Effects of soy flour particle size and GDL concentration on physical properties of instant tofu were studied. Soy beans were ground using a disc mill to produce defatted and undefatted soy flours, and then both were ground using planetary ball mill (PBM) to further reduce their particle sizes. Only defatted soy flour was able to be ground using PBM for 10, 20 and 30 min. Particle sizes were analyzed with laser diffraction technique. Instant tofu was made by adding soy flour to boiling water (15% w/v) and GDL (0.3% and 0.5% of the total mixture), mixed well, followed by stove heating without stirring for 10 min. Physical properties of instant tofu were analyzed using texture profile analyzer, chromameter and scanning electron microscope. Particle size of soy flour had effect on textural properties and microstructure, but not on colour of tofu. Smaller particle size of deffated soy flour (D50= 36.4; 23.8; and 16.1 μm) improved several textural characteristics of the resulting instant tofu; i.e. would increase hardness, chewiness and cohesiveness (with addition of 0.3% GDL) and would increase springiness and chewiness (with addition of 0.5% GDL). 
Karakteristik Pati Sagu (Metroxylon sp.) Hasil Modifikasi Ikat Silang Dwi Karmila Syafriyanti; Nuri Andarwulan; Purwiyatno Hariyadi; Andri J. Laksana
Jurnal Mutu Pangan : Indonesian Journal of Food Quality Vol. 5 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Food Science and Technology (ITP), Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) in collaboration with the Indonesian Food and Beverage Association (GAPMMI), the National Agency of Drug and Food Control, and th

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The utilization of sago starch is very low in Indonesia while sago is the starch producing plant which grows abundantly in Indonesia. In order to increase sago starch applications, such modification is needed. This research was aimed to conduct cross-linked modification upon the sago starch, thus evaluate its physicochemical characteristics. Cross-linked modifications included by varying phosphoryl chloride (POCl3) concentrations (i.e., 0–0.050%) and the reacting times (i.e, 0–60 minutes). Cross-linked modifi-cation yielded in a lower paste clarity, solubility, and swelling power and could increase peak viscosity, holding viscosity, final viscosity, setback, breakdown, gelatinization temperature, gel strength, amylose content, and gelatinization enthalpy. It is found that some granules of cross-linked starch lost its maltose cross property. Concentration of POCl3 was very influential to the change of modified starch characteristics, and the highest level of modification was achieved by 0.050% POCl3.
Keragaman Karakteristik Fisik Buah, tanaman dan Rendemen Minyak dari 9 Klon Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus) Zita Letviany Sarungallo; Purwiyatno Hariyadi; Nuri Andarwulan; Eko Hari Purnomo
Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan Vol 12, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Sangia Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (842.977 KB) | DOI: 10.29239/j.agrikan.12.1.70-82

Abstract

Buah merah (Pandanus conoideus) merupakan tanaman endemik Papua, sebagai sumber minyak makan yang kaya karotenoid dengan keragaman klon yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan keragaman sifat fisik buah dan tanaman dari 9 klon buah merah, serta rendemen minyaknya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa buah utuh atau cepallum dari buah merah terdiri atas empulur/pedicel (51-61%), bulir/drupa (39-49%), biji (27-36%) dan daging buah (10-17%).  Keragaman sifat fisik cepallum antar klon terutama terlihat pada warna kuning-oranye atau merah-merah tua, berbentuk silinder meruncing, terdiri dari ukuran pendek (<50 cm), sedang (40-60 cm) dan panjang (>60 cm). Empulur setiap klon buah merah bervariasi pada warna (putih atau kuning), berbentuk silinder meruncing dengan ukuran yang bervariasi. Bulir berwarna kuning-oranye atau merah-merah tua, berbentuk persegi banyak dengan ukuran yang bervariasi. Sedangkan sifat fisik tanaman bervariasi antara klon, terutama pada tinggi tanaman dan batang utama, serta panjang cabang tanaman dan jarak antar cabang. Penentuan rendemen minyak buah merah berbasis berat total bulir (5,7-8,7% berat basah, bb atau 7,7-18,3% berat kering, bk) lebih rendah dari basis berat total daging buah (19,7-27,4% bb atau 31,9-54,5% bk). Hasil Principle component analysis berdasarkan karakteristik fisik buah dan tanamannya, ke-9 klon buah merah terdistribusi dalam empat kuadran menurut lokasi budidaya yaitu Distrik Minyambou (dataran tinggi) di kuadran I, Distrik Koya, Jayapura (dataran rendah) di kuadran II, dan Kebun Percobaan UNIPA, Manokwari (dataran rendah) kuadran III dan IV.
Metode Pembuatan Sorgum Sosoh Rendah Tanin pada Pembuatan Nasi Sorgum (Sorghum Bicolor L) Instan Wiwit Amrinola; Sri Widowati; Purwiyatno Hariyadi
ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications Vol. 6 No. 1 (2015): ComTech
Publisher : Bina Nusantara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21512/comtech.v6i1.2280

Abstract

Sorghum is one of the non-rice commodities which have a relatively high content of nutrients, especially protein and carbohydrate. However, the nutritional value is to be down and relatively low due to the relatively high tannin content as an anti-nutrient. Fairly high tannin content in sorghum is also causing sorghumhas unpleasant taste and slightly bitter or "Sepet". Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the content of tannins in sorghum that is expected to improve the quality of nutrition, especially the increase in protein and starch digestibility and palatability or the flavor of sorghum products. The purpose of this study is to obtain the best method to lower tannin content in the manufacture of low-tannin sorghum milling, which will be used in the manufacture of instant rice sorghum. This research was done in two stages, namely 1) the timing of the millingstage and 2) the development stage of a method of making low-tannin sorghum milling by comparing the content of tannin reduction method with the immersion process in alkaline solution (NaOH 0.3% and 0.3% Na2CO3) and distilled water with the method of reducing tannin content without immersion process. The results of this study indicate that the best milling time that can produce milled sorghum with good physical sorghum is five minutes and the best immersion treatment that can lower the optimum tannin content is by immersing in 0.3%Na2CO3 solution for 24 hours. This method can reduce up to 77.46% tannin content.
Protokol Penanggulangan dan Penyelamatan Krisis Pangan dan Gizi pada Kelompok Rawan (Protocol for Recovery and Prevention of Food and Nutrition Crises on Vurnerable Group) Dodik Briawan; Purwiyatno Hariyadi; Eko Hari Purnomo Hari Purnomo; Fahim M. Taqi
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 24 No. 2 (2015): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v24i2.32

Abstract

Krisis pangan dan gizi merupakan permasalahan yang berdampak terhadap pembangunan di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan protokol pencegahan dan penanggulangan krisis pangan dan gizi. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari data sekunder dan primer. Protokol krisis pangan dan gizi dikembangkan dengan melibatkan ahli dan narasumber dari pemerintah daerah di Sukabumi, Situbondo dan Bogor. Kondisi krisis pangan dan gizi dapat ditetapkan dengan sistem survailan menggunakan indikator yang valid, sensitif, dan mudah dikumpulkan. Model yang sudah ada yaitu “Sistem Kewaspadaan Pangan dan Gizi” dapat digunakan dengan beberapa modifikasi tertutama pada komponen indikator. Protokol pencegahan dan penanggulangan dikembangkan untuk kelompok rumah tangga rawan di masyarakat. Kelompok ini dapat ditetapkan berdasarkan 14 indikator nonmoneter yang dikembangkan oleh BPS, dengan prioritas yang mempunyai anak di bawah usia lima tahun dan atau ibu hamil. Upaya penyelamatan terutama dilakukan dengan memberikan makanan tambahan pada kelompok rawan ini. Penanggulangan diarahkan melalui bantuan ekonomi kepada rumah tangga sasaran. Pemerintah daerahperlu membentuk tim manajemen krisis pangan dan gizi yang disertai peran dan tanggungjawab yang jelas. Disarankan, pemerintah daerah mempunyai kewenangan dalam menetapkan kondisi krisis, yang disertai anggaran pelaksanaan protokol tersebut. Selain itu, dalam jangka panjang program seperti SKPG, Posyandu dan UPGK perlu diperbaiki dan ditingkatkan.Food and nutrition crises affect Indonesian development. This study aims to develop general protocol for prevention and recovery of food and nutrition crises. The data comprises of secondary and primary data. The crisis protocol is developed by involving experts and resource persons from Sukabumi, Situbondo and Bogor local governments. The crisis condition could be determined using mechanism of surveillances, valid, sensitive, and easy to generate indicators. The existing “Sistem Kewaspadaan Pangan dan Gizi” model could be applied with some modification on its components. The recovery and prevention protocolshould specifically be developed for vulnerable groups which can be determined using 14 non-monetary indicators developed by CBS, with special priority given to households with children under 5 years and/or pregnant mothers. The recovery is focused on feeding program for those groups. Prevention program is designed for the development of economic activities for the targeted households. The local government need to establish a crisis management team with well defined roles and responsibilities. It is proposed that Head of Local Governments should have authority to determine, declare crisis condition, and allocate budget to execute the protocol. In the long run, existing food and nutrition programs; especially SKPG, Posyandu and UPGKshall be up-graded and improved.
Pengaruh Dua Siklus Autoclaving-Cooling Terhadap Kadar Pati Resisten Tepung Beras dan Bihun yang Dihasilkannya Effects of Two-Cycle Autoclaving-Cooling on Resistant Starch Content of Rice Flour and the Resulted Rice Noodle Fahma Yuliwardi; Elvira Syamsira; Purwiyatno Hariyadi; Sri Widowati
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 23 No. 1 (2014): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v23i1.49

Abstract

Beras merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan terpenting di Indonesia karena merupakan makanan pokok sebagian besar penduduk Indonesia. Namun sampai saat ini produktivitas tanaman padi masih rendah dan belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan secara keseluruhan. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya nyata untuk meningkatkan hasil panen tanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian unsur hara silika (Si) dalam ukuran nano yang diisolasi dari sekam padi terhadap pertumbuhan, respon morfologi dan fisiologi serta produktivitas tanaman padi sawah. Perlakuan yang diberikan terdiri atas pemberian pupuk SiP 300 kg/ha (S2), pemberian nano silika koloid 10 ppm (S3), 20 ppm (S4), 30 ppm (S5) dan kontrol/tanpa silika (S1). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pemberian nano silika koloid 20 ppm dan 30 ppm secara umum memberikan pengaruh yang terbaik pada pertumbuhan, respon morfologi, fisiologi dan produktivitas tanaman padi kecuali pada jumlah stomata.Rice is one of the most important staple food commodities in Indonesia. So far, however, the productivity of rice is still low and has not been able to meet the overall domestic needs. Therefore, a real effort to improve the harvest rice crops is urgently needed. This research aims to investigate the influence of silica (Si) nutrient elements, to be applied in nano size isolated from rice husk, on the growth, morphology and physiology responses as well as the productivity of the wet land rice. The treatment consists of the application of fertilizer SiP 300 kg/ha (S2), the colloid nano silica 10 ppm (S3), 20 ppm (S4), 30 ppm (S5) and kontrol/with no silica (S1). The results showed that the application of colloid nano silica 20 ppm and 30 ppm generally resulted in the best growth, morphological, physiological responses and productivity of the rice plant except for the number of stomata.
Kajian Proses Perumusan Standar dan Peraturan Keamanan Pangan di Indonesia Formulation Process Assessment on Food Safety Standards and Regulations in Indonesia Purwiyatno Hariyadi; Sumarto Sumarto; Eko Hari Purnomo
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 23 No. 2 (2014): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v23i2.55

Abstract

Standar dan peraturan keamanan pangan tidak saja bertujuan untuk melindungi kesehatan publik, tetapi juga menjamin perdagangan yang adil dan meningkatkan daya saing bangsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesenjangan antara prinsip-prinsip baik dan kenyataan penerapannya pada pengembangan standar dan peraturan keamanan pangan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei dan diskusi kelompok terarah (focus group discussion/FGD) melibatkan pemangku kepentingan keamanan pangan. Hasil survei dan FGD menunjukkan bahwa banyak standar dan peraturan keamanan pangan yang mengalami hambatan dalam penerapannya disebabkan karena telah terjadi kesenjangan antara prinsip-prinsip baik dan kenyataan penerapannya. Kesenjangan tersebut adalah dalam hal (i) rendahnya informasi tentang proses dan perkembangan perumusan, (ii) kurangnya pembahasan yang mempertimbangkan kepentingan dan keterlibatan pemangku kepentingan, (iii) rendahnya relevansi antara tujuan perlindungan kesehatan publik dengan kondisi nyata produk dan industri pangan Indonesia, dan (iv) kurangnya kesiapan pelaku usaha dan unsur penunjangnya. Diidentifikasi pula adanya perbedaan persepsi antara pemerintah dan industri pangan tentang prinsipprinsip (i) transparansi, dan (ii) efektifitas dan relevansi. Hal ini perlu diatasi dengan perbaikan (i) sistem informasi, (ii) akses kepada pemangku kepentingan, (iii) kesiapan infrastruktur, dan (iv) kesepakatan mengenai dimensi pengembangan nasional, khususnya untuk (a) kepentingan UMKM, (b) pengembangan bahan baku lokal, dan (c) peningkatan daya saing.Food safety standards and regulations are developed not only for protecting public health but also for facilitating fair trade and nation competitiveness. The objectives of this research are to identify gap between good principles and their implementation in the development of food safety standards and regulations. Survey and focus group discussion (FGD) are used in this research. We find that gaps between good principles and actual development of food safety standard and regulation are the most frequently cited by stakeholders as the main factor hindering standard implementation. Gaps identified are lack of (i) information, (ii) intensive discussions among stakeholders, (iii) relevancy in term of consumer protection objective, and (iv) readiness of business community and its supporting system. Our results suggest that there is also a perception gap between food industry and government regulatory agencies on aspects of (i) transparency and (ii) effectiveness and relevancy. Improvement should be done by (i) improving the information system, (ii) providing access to stakeholders, (iii) making the infrastructures ready, and (iv)streamlining the consensus on national development dimensions; especially those associated with (a) interest for SMEs development, (b) development of local foods and food ingredients, and (c) improvement of competitiveness of Indonesian food products.
Antisipasi terhadap Isu-Isu Baru Keamanan Pangan (The Anticipation of New Issues Food safety) Ratih Dewanti Hariyadi; Purwiyatno Hariyadi
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 21 No. 1 (2012): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v21i1.97

Abstract

Kemunculan emerging dan kontaminan baru yang berkaitan dengan keamananpangan merupakan isu yang tidak bisa dihindari. E. coli enterohemoragik misalnya,merupakan contoh emerging baru yang menyebabkan kematian dan kerugian ekonomi di Eropa, sedangkan di Cina melamin adalah contoh mutakhir kontaminan pada susu formula bayi yang telah menyebabkan kematian dan kerugian perdagangan di dunia. Paper ini mengulas berbagai potensi emerging dan kontaminan baru yang mungkin muncul dalam sistem pangan. Tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai emerging dan kontaminan baru tersebut sehingga kemunculannya bisa diantisipasi dengan tepat, baik oleh pemerintah emerging pangan maupun konsumen. Penggunaan kerangka kerja analisis risiko merupakan pendekatan logis yang perlu ditempuh oleh pemerintah untuk melahirkan kebijakan dan tindakan keamanan panganyang tepat untuk keperluan antisipasi tersebut. Sementara itu, emerging pangan perlu secara cermat mengkaji ulang praktek dan tindakan keamanan pangan, termasuk program dan rencana HACCP yang ada. Beberapa hal yang perlu dilakukan oleh emerging antara lain, mengevaluasi kembali spesifikasi ingriedien dan titik-titik kendali kritis, mengembangkan program pengambilan contoh dan pemantauan lingkungan, serta menyesuaikan program pengambilan contoh produk. Dalam kaitannya dengan pengendalian kontaminan yang sengaja ditambahkan (intentional contamination), rencana HACCP perlu mencakup juga bahaya-bahaya yang telah diidentifikasi pernah secara sengaja dimasukkan dalam sistem produksi, serta mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi bahaya-bahaya lain yang diketahui atau yang diduga bisa secara sengaja dimasukkan sistem produksi.Emerging pathogens and food contaminants important for food safety are inevitable issues. Enterohemorhagic E. coli, for example, is the latest one to cause fatality and economic loss in Europe while in China melamine is a very important adulaterant in powdered infant formula that has cost life and trade worldwide. This paper discusses the emergence of foodborne pathogens and contaminants in food system. The objective is to provide better understanding regarding the emerging foodborne pathogens and contaminants so that their emergence should be well anticipated by government, food industries as well as consumers. Use of risk analysis framework is the logical approach for government to produceappropriate food safety measures and policies. Meanwhile,food industry should take into precaution their existing food safety measures and revisit their HACCP plan. The most likely aspects to be reconsidered include re-evaluation of the specification for ingredients and critical control points, establishment of environmental monitoring and sampling, and adjustment of sampling plan. With respect to preventing intentional contaminations, HACCP plan should include hazards that may be intentionally introduced, identify and evaluate known or reasonably foreseeable hazards that may be associated with the facility. 
Co-Authors - Mursalin -, Sugiyono . Mursalin A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Afifah Z. Agista Agus Setiyono Agus Supryadi Andarwulan, Nuri Andri J. Laksana Anton Apriyantono Arief Mulyawan Arief Rakhman Affandi Ario Damar Atjeng M. Syarief Ayu C. Wulan Ayu Cahyaning Wulan Azis B. Sitanggang Azis Boing Sitanggang C Hanny Wijaya DAHRUL SYAH Dahrul Syah DAHRUL SYAH Daisy Irawan Darniadi , Sandi Dede R. Adawiyah Dede Robiatul Adawiyah Dedi Fardiaz Denny S. Agustin Desty G. Pratiwi Desty Gitapratiwi Desty Gitapratiwi Dewi Fortuna Ayu Dodik Briawan Drajat Martianto Drajat Martianto Dwi Fitriani Dwi Fitriani Dwi Karmila Syafriyanti Eko Hari Purnomo Elisa Julianti Elvira Syamsir Erka Fitria Erka Fitria Evy Damayanthi Fahim M. Taqi Fahma Yuliwardi Fahma Yuliwardi, Fahma Fajriyati Mas’ud Faleh Setia Budi Feri Kusnandar Firdaus, Safira Fitri Hasrini, Reno Friska Citra Agustia Gema Noor Muhammad Gina Nur Rahmasari Hasim Hendra Wijaya Hendri Hermawan Adinugraha Hoerudin Hoerudin Hoerudin Hoerudin Hunaefi, Dase Idqan Fahmi Indah Epriliati IPB, DGB Iyus Hendrawan Jaka Rukmana Joni Munarso Joni Munarso, Joni Khoerul Bariyah Krisna Margaretta Malau Laksana, Andri J. Lala M Kolopaking Leonardus B. Raditya Prabowo Lilis Nuraida Lisa Norisza Sjahwil M Agus Setiadi M. Taqi, Fahim Ma'mun Sarma Masykur, Siti Fauziyyah Munarso, S. Joni Mursalin . Mursalin Mursalin MURSALIN MURSALIN Muslim, Nizar Saeful Nahrowi Nur Aini Nur Aini . Nur Fitriana Dewi Nur Richana Nur Wulandari Nur Wulandari Nurhasanah, Siti Nuri Andarwulan Nuri Andarwulan Oktariza, Wawan Policybrief, Submission Puspo Edi Giriwono Putra, Imam Perdana Rahmawati Rahmawati Ratih Dewanti -Hariyadi Reno Fitri Hasrini Ria Noviar Triana Rindy Panca Tanhindarto Rokhani Hasbullah Rosiana Ulfa Rosulva, Indah S. Joni Munarso Salsabila, Unik Hanifah Santi Dwi Astuti Santi Dwi Astuti Satiti Kawuri Putri Satrya Dharmawan Selvi Marcellia Siti Fauziyyah Masykur Siti Madanijah Siti Nurhasanah Siti Nurhasanah Slamet Budijanto Soewarno T Soekarto Soewarno T. Soekarto Sri Purwaningsih, Sri Sri Widowati Stefani Hartono Subarna - Sudradjat Sugiyono - Sugiyono . Sumarto Sumarto Sumarto Sumarto Sumiati Suria Darma Tarigan Sutrisno Sutrisno Syafriyanti, Dwi Karmila Tanti Lanovia1,2)* Tien R. Muchtadi Tjahja Muhandri Tri Haryati Ulfah Juniarti Siregar Widhiasmoro, Ashari Winiati P. Rahayu Wiwit Amrinola Wulandari, Nur Yundari, Yundari Zita L. Sarungallo Zubaidah Irawati Zulaikhah Zulaikhah