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All Journal Masalah-Masalah Hukum LAW REFORM Jurnal Hukum Progresif Diponegoro Law Journal Wacana Hukum Lentera Hukum Arena Hukum Jurnal Hukum Novelty Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Jurnal Daulat Hukum Sriwijaya Law Review Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Pendas : Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Administrative Law & Governance Journal Awang Long Law Review Jurnal Yudisial JUSTISI JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM INDONESIA Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences KADARKUM: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan Scientia Business Law Review Journal of Constitutional Law Society (JCLS) Prosiding Seminar Hukum Aktual Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia Discourse on Law and Society Journal of Civil Criminal Law
Retno Saraswati
Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Diponegoro
Religion Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences Other

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MENINGKATKAN SELF EFFICACY PADA ANAK MULTIKEKHUSUSAN TUNADAKSA DAN TUNAGRAHITA SDLB PANCABAKTI KEC. WONOASRI MADIUN Dian Agestingsih; Mutin Kartika Dewi; Suprihadi; Heny Sulistyo Rini; Retno Saraswati; Sulasih; Anna Tridiyanto; Endang Pudjiastuti Sartinah; Murtadlo
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 01 (2025): Volume 10 Nomor 1, Maret 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i01.20980

Abstract

This study aims to describe and improve self-efficacy in children with multiple physical and mental disabilities at SLB Panca Bakti Wonoasri. The background of the problem raised is the challenges faced by children with special needs in the learning process, especially in terms of participation and understanding of the material. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the use of basic number flash card media significantly improves the cognitive abilities and self-confidence of children with physical disabilities  and mental disabilities in understanding basic number concepts.
KAJIAN YURIDIS MATERI MUATAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 24 TAHUN 2009 TERHADAP NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA Amalia Diamantina; Fifiana Wisnaeni; Retno Saraswati; Ratna Herawati; Sekar Anggun
Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan 2021: VOLUME 1 ISSUE 1, APRIL 2021
Publisher : Badan Pembinaan Ideologi Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52738/pjk.v1i1.24

Abstract

Keberadaan Pancasila sebagai sumber dari segala sumber hukum dalam praktiknya masih sajamendapat pertentangan, baik oleh masyarakat maupun penyelenggara negara itu sendiri.Penghinaan terhadap lambang-lambang negara masih banyak dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, perludilakukan pengkajian apakah materi muatan dalam UU Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 tentang Bendera,Bahasa, dan Lambang Negara, serta Lagu Kebangsaan sudah selaras dengan nilai-nilai yangterkandung dalam Pancasila atau belum, mengingat undang-undang ini merupakan saranapemersatu, identitas, dan eksistensi bangsa yang menjadi simbol kedaulatan dan kehormatannegara sebagaimana yang diatur dalam konstitusi Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalahmetode yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis konsep dan peraturan perundang-undangan yangterkait dengan topik. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang didapat melalui studipustaka dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa materi muatan UUNomor 24 Tahun 2009 banyak mengalami tabrakan dengan peraturan lainnya dan kurang sesuaidengan asas-asas pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang baik. Selain itu, jugaterdapat beberapa pasal dan ayat yang kurang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila sehingga perlu adanya upaya harmonisasi dari badan negara yang memiliki kewenangan untuk itu terhadapperaturan perundang-undangan lainnya yang terkait dan terhadap nilai-nilai Pancasila itu sendiri.
Reconceptualizing Digital Governance and Social Justice: Legal Implications of Algorithmic Decision-Making in Emerging Democratic Societies Satriya Nugraha; Retno Saraswati; Nikmah Fitriah
Discourse Journal on Law and Society Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): May: Discourse on Law and Society
Publisher : International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70062/djls.v1i2.149

Abstract

The rapid adoption of algorithmic systems in public governance has transformed decision-making and service delivery, offering promises of efficiency and transparency. Yet, these technologies raise pressing concerns regarding fairness, bias, and social justice. This study investigates the intersection of digital governance, algorithmic decision-making, and social justice, with particular emphasis on emerging democracies. Employing a qualitative socio-legal approach, the research combines normative analysis of governance regulations, case studies of algorithmic applications in public administration, and interviews with policymakers and technology law experts. Comparative analysis across emerging democracies highlights diverse strategies for addressing equity concerns in algorithmic systems. Findings reveal that while algorithmic systems enhance efficiency, they often reinforce existing inequalities due to insufficient safeguards against bias and discrimination. Moreover, regulatory frameworks remain fragmented and inadequate to ensure fairness and accountability. The study proposes the development of adaptive legal frameworks that integrate transparency, accountability, and citizen engagement into AI governance. By embedding social justice principles into algorithmic regulation, governments can foster inclusive policy design and equitable outcomes. This research contributes to ongoing debates on balancing technological innovation with democratic values, emphasizing the need for governance models that prioritize fairness alongside efficiency.
Balancing Individual Rights and State Authority in Criminal Justice Reform: A Comparative Analysis of Procedural Fairness and Legal Accountability Rengga Kusuma Putra; Retno Saraswati; Edvardas Juchnevicius; Aulia Rahman
Journal of Civil Criminal Law Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): December : International Journal of Civil Criminal Law
Publisher : International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70062/jccl.v1i3.142

Abstract

Background: Criminal justice reform has become a crucial global issue in maintaining the balance between the protection of individual rights and state authority, particularly amid the increasing complexity of law enforcement and the risk of abuse of power. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the principles of due process of law, legal accountability, and the rule of law within criminal justice systems, as well as to compare their implementation in common law and civil law systems. Methods: This research employs a normative and comparative approach through the analysis of legal regulations, criminal justice practices, case studies of procedural violations, and cross-country comparisons, supported by interviews with academics and legal practitioners. Results: The findings indicate that although the principles of due process, legal accountability, and the rule of law are widely recognized, their implementation still faces significant challenges, including weak oversight, procedural inconsistencies, and limited institutional capacity. The comparative analysis also reveals a growing convergence between common law and civil law systems in adopting human rights-based standards, despite differences in procedural approaches. This study concludes that the holistic integration of these three principles is essential to establish a fair, transparent, and accountable criminal justice system.
Restoration of Property Rights over Destroyed Land: Comparative Legal Analysis of Indonesia and the Philippines Adya Nurnisa; Retno Saraswati; Ana Silviana
JUSTISI Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): JUSTISI
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33506/js.v12i2.5505

Abstract

This study aims to identify and analyze a comparison of the models for restoring property rights over land affected by destruction implemented by Indonesia and the Philippines, with a view to improving the legal system governing destroyed land in Indonesia in the future. This study employs a doctrinal research method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. This study involves the collection and inventory of regulations regarding destroyed land in both Indonesia and the Philippines, followed by a descriptive analysis. The novelty of this study lies in the conclusion that Indonesia needs to adopt a legal certainty framework for destroyed land using a hybrid model namely, judicial reconstruction and administrative reconstruction The results of this study indicate that current regulations on lost land in Indonesia provide an opportunity for original titleholders to reclaim lost land within a one-year period; if they cannot prove ownership, it is not recognized as such. In contrast, unlike the Philippines, which uses a hybrid model to guarantee and recognize its citizens’ property rights through judicial and administrative reconstruction, provided they possess “legal title” registered with the Land Registration Authority. The conclusion of this study indicate that the current policy framework for land loss in Indonesia should take into account models for restoring property rights following land loss or damage that exist in other countries, such as the Philippines. This is to ensure that property rights
RECONSTRUCTION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT THROUGH CAMPAIGN FINANCE TRANSPARENCY BY UTILIZING MACHINE LEARNING TO SUPPORT THE ACCOUNTABILITY OF GENERAL ELECTIONS AND REGIONAL HEAD ELECTIONS IN INDONESIA Arya Seto Sutopo; Retno Saraswati
Awang Long Law Review Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Awang Long Law Review
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/awl.v8i4.2092

Abstract

General elections and regional elections constitute a political constellation involving various actors, including political parties, election participants, election management bodies, as well as public participation. This is constitutionally guaranteed under the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, particularly the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD NRI 1945). However, this does not imply that the conduct of general elections and regional elections is free from problems. Numerous practices of corruption, vote manipulation, bribery, and the lack of transparency in campaign finance demonstrate a long-standing series of intertwined issues in electoral implementation. The preparation of this scientific paper aims to identify, analyze, and understand the problems related to campaign finance transparency and to seek ideal solutions by integrating technology through the utilization of machine learning as a decision support system. The research method employed is doctrinal legal research, with the research outcome in the form of an ideal legal formulation through legal reconceptualization. The recommendations proposed by the author include the necessity of conducting careful legal scrutiny in the form of an analysis of regulatory scope, regulatory direction, and substantive content of the proposed regulations in a comprehensive, precise, and in-depth manner. In addition, complementary synergy and coordination are required to support the supervision of campaign financing in Indonesia.
SYMBOLS, EVIDENCE, AND POLICY: INTEGRATING LEGAL SEMIOTICS FOR SUSTAINABLE CRIME PREVENTION Debby Ekowati; Retno Saraswati; Nabitatus Sa'adah
Masalah-Masalah Hukum Vol 54, No 3 (2025): MASALAH-MASALAH HUKUM
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/mmh.54.3.2025.328-352

Abstract

This study explores crime prevention using legal semiotics, applying a doctrinal approach grounded in an extensive literature review and critical text analysis. The discussion is initiated by delineating the core principles of legal semiotics and examining legal norms and practices as sign systems that communicate cultural meanings and influence behaviour. The study examines forensic semiotics, emphasising the role of sign analysis in enhancing investigative procedures and expert linguistic testimony within criminal and civil frameworks, including authorship attribution, identification of falsified texts, and the interpretation of linguistic evidence. Additionally, courtroom discourse and decision-making are also examined, illustrating various semiotic resources (such as text design, layout, and language) influencing the authority and legitimacy of judicial outcomes. Police interactions, interpreting interview dynamics and power negotiations through semiotic frameworks are examined to enhance understanding of witness communication and investigative effectiveness. Furthermore, it examines the framing of crime narratives in the media, highlighting the impact of mediated signs on public perception and the possibility of judicial biases. The research advocates for comprehensive crime prevention policies combining penal and non-penal strategies, emphasizing the importance of symbols and meanings that underpin criminal behaviour to promote collaborative, culturally informed, and sustainable responses.
CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW OF THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NO. 3/PUU-XXII/2024: TINJAUAN KONSTITUSIONAL TENTANG HAK ATAS PENDIDIKAN: ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSIONAL NOMOR 3/PUU-XXII/2024 Rengga Kusuma Putra; Retno Saraswati; Bagus Hermanto; Lita Tyesta Addy Listya Wardhani; Satriya Nugraha
Constitutional Law Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Pusat Studi Konstitusi dan Perundang-undangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36448/jcls.v5i1.136

Abstract

Decision No. 3/PUU-XXII/2024 of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia represents a significant development in the trajectory of Indonesian legal politics, particularly in relation to right to education as the constitutional protection enshrined in the 1945 Constitution. Although the ruling carries substantial implications for the interpretation of state obligations in the education sector, scholarly discussion has largely focused on the doctrinal aspects of constitutional adjudication, leaving limited attention to the broader fiscal and political implications of the decision within Indonesia’s governance framework. This study therefore seeks to examine the constitutional meaning and policy consequences of the ruling through a descriptive qualitative approach, with particular attention to the normative structure of the Court’s reasoning and the social justice values underlying its interpretation. The analysis focuses on how the Constitutional Court articulates the relationship between constitutional mandates, state responsibility, and the protection of individual educational rights within the broader framework of Indonesia’s welfare-oriented constitutionalism. The findings indicate that Decision No. 3/PUU-XXII/2024 strengthens the constitutional status of education as a positive right that requires active state intervention. At the same time, the ruling clarifies the scope of governmental obligations in ensuring equitable access to education while implicitly raising questions regarding fiscal allocation, institutional capacity, and policy prioritisation in the implementation of constitutional guarantees. By situating the decision within the broader discourse on the political theory of education law and the adjudication of socio-economic rights, this article contributes to the development of a normative framework that understands education not purely as a matter of public policy but as a constitutionally mandated instrument for achieving social justice. Ultimately, the study argues that the decision reflects a more responsive orientation in Indonesian legal politics, one that seeks to align constitutional interpretation with the pursuit of substantive equality in the national education system.
FROM LEX TO IUS: REORIENTING INDONESIAN LEGAL REFORM TOWARD INSTITUTIONALISATION AND SOCIAL LEGITIMACY Ilham Yuli Isdiyanto; Retno Saraswati; Ratna Herawati
Jurnal Hukum Progresif Vol 14, No 2 (2026): October 2026
Publisher : Doctoral of Law Program, Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jhp.14.2.373-420

Abstract

This study examines the tension between institutionalised law and coercive law within Indonesia’s national legal system. It addresses the persistent divide between formally valid rules and socially legitimate norms in a plural legal order shaped by state law, customary law, religious law, and colonial legal legacies. Employing a doctrinal and conceptual methodology, supported by socio-legal, philosophical, hermeneutic, critical, and comparative approaches, the study analyses legislation, judicial principles, legal theory, and Indonesia’s legal experience. The findings indicate that excessive reliance on coercion produces only superficial compliance while generating institutional distrust, legal alienation, selective enforcement, and social resistance. Conversely, law that is internalised by society is more likely to secure enduring legitimacy and voluntary obedience. Indonesia’s legal crisis, therefore, does not primarily arise from a shortage of legal rules, but from a failure of institutionalisation caused by the disconnection between formal law, living law, and public values. The study also identifies an emerging legislative shift towards mediation, restorative justice, alternative dispute resolution, and community-based settlement, including reforms introduced through the 2023 Criminal Code and the 2025 Criminal Procedure Code. Nevertheless, these developments remain vulnerable to formalistic implementation and an entrenched coercive institutional culture. This study argues that authentic legal institutionalisation requires a transition from a lex-centred paradigm to an ius-oriented legal order grounded in Pancasila, legal pluralism, procedural justice, meaningful public participation, and progressive legal thought. Accordingly, legal reform must extend beyond statutory amendment to encompass legal education, institutional culture, access to justice, recognition of customary law, and restorative mechanisms. The study contributes a conceptual framework in which Indonesian legal legitimacy is understood as the product of internalisation, social recognition, institutional responsiveness, and democratic participation, rather than coercive authority alone. This framework offers a normative basis for assessing whether legal institutions command genuine public acceptance and sustain justice in practice over time.
Does the Reform of the Parliamentary and Presidential Threshold Strengthen the Presidential System in Indonesia? Mahesa Rannie; Retno Saraswati; Fifiana Wisnaeni
Sriwijaya Law Review Volume 8 Issue 1, January 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28946/slrev.Vol8.Iss1.3157.pp133-151

Abstract

The attempt to purify Indonesia's multiparty presidential system was only reflected after the Third Amendment to the 1945 Constitution. However, it took work to implement it. In practice. Various measures have been taken, including party alliances and introducing voting barriers in parliamentary elections. Therefore, analysing the relationship between electoral thresholds and their ideal proportions in the form of legal-political reforms to strengthen the Indonesian presidential system is interesting. This is in line with the purpose of this study, which is to uncover and analyse the legal politics of electoral thresholds in an attempt to strengthen the presidential system of government in Indonesia. The approach adopted in this study is a theoretical approach with legal, conceptual, comparative and historical approaches. This study concludes that the legitimate political renewal of the electoral vote threshold is not closely related to efforts to strengthen Indonesia's system of multiparty presidential government. The ideal way to reform the legal, political threshold for electoral votes would be to set the parliamentary threshold at 2.5%, but at the same time tighten controls over the parties participating in the election, and the 2.5% threshold serves as President to maintain a balance between the parliamentary and presidential thresholds. In addition, it is also important to strengthen consensus (consensus democracy) among coalition political parties. There is still a desire to abolish the presidential threshold through the People's Representative Council (DPR) instead of the Constitutional Court (MK).
Co-Authors Adinda Dwi Meilian Aditya Wirawan Adya Nurnisa Aju Putrijanti Aldi Rivai Amalia Diamantina Amalia Diamantina Aminuyati Ana Silviana Anna Tridiyanto Arya Seto Sutopo Aulia Rahman Azis Andriansyah Bagus Hermanto Cahya Samekta Jati Cicilia Debby*, Indarja, Fifiana Wisnaeni, Cicilia Debby*, Debby Ekowati Delfi Suganda Devina Ayu Dayang Ruby Dian Agestingsih Dita Nora Yolandani Dumaria Simanjuntak Edvardas Juchnevicius Endang Pudjiastuti Sartinah Esmi Warassih Pujirahayu F.C. Susila Adiyanta Fajar Prima Julian Faqih Himawan Fifiana Wisnaeni Gholibuddin Zuhairmanto Gita Amanda Aldirensa Heny Sulistyo Rini Ilham Yuli Isdiyanto Irma Cahyaningtyas Kartika Widya Utama Kholifatul Maghfiroh Kornelius Benuf Lita Tyesta A.L.W Lita Tyesta Addy Listya Wardhani Lita Tyesta Addy Listya Wardhani Lita Tyesta Addy Listya Wardhani Lita Tyesta ALW Mahesa Rannie Marjo Muhamad Nafi Uz Zaman Muhammad Anwar Tanjung Muhammad Anwar Tanjung Muhammad Anwar Tanjung Muhammad Haidar Fakhri Allam Muhyidin Muhyidin MURTADLO Mutin Kartika Dewi Nabitatus Sa’adah Nabitatus Sa’dah Nikmah Fitriah R. Suharto R. Suharto Raden Mohamad Herdian Bhakti Rahmanto Putra Ratna Herawati Rengga Kusuma Putra Rengga Kusuma Putra Reny Yemimalina Sinaga Rico Septian Noor Rico Yodi Tri Utama Salsabilla Akbar Satriya Nugraha Sekar Anggun Sekar Anggun Gading Pinilih, Sekar Anggun Siti Malikhatun Badriyah, Siti Sukirno Sukirno Sulasih Sylvester Enricho Mahardika Untung Sri Hardjanto Untung Sri Hardjanto*), Anni Kurniawati Ratna Herawati Yohanes Nafta Irawan Yudhitiya Dyah Sukmadewi, Yudhitiya Dyah