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Effect of nitrogen doses on growth and yield of several varieties of tungro-infected rice plant Achmad Gunawan; Purwono; Iskandar Lubis; I Nyoman Widiarta
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 51 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24831/ija.v51i2.46091

Abstract

Tungro is still a problem in efforts to increase rice production, it can disrupt the stability of rice production if conditions worsen. Plant fertilizer application is an integral part of plant cultivation, especially nitrogen fertilizer. Improper utilization of fertilizers can harm agriculture by increasing plant vulnerability to pests and diseases. Thus, the purpose of the study was to examine the effects of various doses of nitrogen on the agronomic performance of rice plants, as well as their susceptibility to tungro. The research was conducted at the Greenhouse, Sukamandi, and the Muara Experimental Field, Center for Rice Research, Bogor. The experiments, both in the greenhouse and field, used a split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots were variety, while the subplots were nitrogen dosage. The results showed that Inpari 36 Lanrang was better than Ciherang and IR64 in terms of plant height, number of tillers, empty grain per clump, leaf greenness, and yield/pot in the greenhouse. While from the field experiment, varieties have different flowering times, plant heights, number of filled grains, number of empty grains, 1,000-grain weight, net assimilation rate, yield/plot, and tungro incidence. The use of nitrogen fertilizer affected flowering time in the greenhouse and affected productive tillers, yield per plot in the field, and the greenness of the leaves of healthy plants. The optimum dose is 167.5 kg ha-1 nitrogen. As a result, it is recommended that controlling tungro disease should involve the integration of fertilizer application that is balanced with the use of resistant varieties.Keywords: agronomic performance, nitrogen rates, plant diseases, resistant varieties, tungro infection
Keparahan Penyakit Tungro dan Preferensi Wereng Hijau terhadap Berbagai Dosis Pemupukan Nitrogen Achmad Gunawan; Purwono Purwono; Iskandar Lubis; I Nyoman Widiarta
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 29 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.29.1.111

Abstract

The severity of disease symptoms is affected by triangular interactions between pathogens, hosts, and the environment. This study aims to describe the severity of tungro disease symptoms concerning the resistance of rice varieties and various fertilization rates. The research used the potting method in the Center for Rice Research, Sukamandi greenhouse. The experiment was designed using a Randomized Design, with 3 varieties: Ciherang (sensitive), IR 64 (green leafhopper resistance), and Inpari 36 Lanrang (virus resistance) as the main plot, and 4 levels of combination fertilization: (1) compound fertilizer + without urea; (2) compound fertilizer and urea 250 kg/ha; (3) compound fertilizer and urea 350 kg/ha; and (4) compound fertilizer and urea 500 kg/ha, as subplots. The data was processed using Anova and Duncan's multiple distance test. The results showed that rice variety significantly affected vector preference and the severity of tungro symptoms. The dose of nitrogen fertilization does not give different results to the preferences of insects and the severity of tungro in the greenhouse. There is no interaction between the variety and the dose of fertilizing. Resistant varieties are less preferred by green leafhoppers than the sensitive varieties. Keywords: antixenosis, Nephotettix virescens nitrogen fertilizer, preference
Penetuan dosis pupuk nitrogen, fosfor, dan kalium optimum untuk padi sawah varietas bioemas agritan Yati Astuti; Iskandar Lubis; Ahmad Junaedi
Jurnal AGRO Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/23187

Abstract

Fertilizer requirements for each rice variety are different from other varieties. Research on the optimum dosage of fertilization on new superior varieties is needed to obtain optimum growth and yield. This study aims to determine the optimum dosage of N, P, and K fertilizer for the growth and productivity of lowland rice of the Bioemas Agritan variety. The research was conducted at Banten Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, from February 2022 to June 2022 on soils with very low C-organic and total N conditions. The study consisted of three parallel experiments, namely the N, and P, K fertilization experiment using a single factor randomized  complete block design which was repeated three times. Fertilizer dosages consist of five levels, namely 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% of the reference dosage. Determination of the optimum dosage based on the maximum value of the relative yield quadratic equation. The optimum fertilizer dosage for the lowland rice variety Bioemas Agritan is 140,93% of the reference dosage or equivalent to 422,79 kg ha-1 urea, while the optimum dosage of P2O5 and K2O fertilizer cannot be determined.ABSTRAK Kebutuhan pupuk setiap varietas padi berbeda antara varietas satu dengan varietas lainnya. Penelitian dosis optimum pemupukan pada varietas unggul baru diperlukan untuk mendapatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil yang optimum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis optimum pupuk N, P, K untuk pertumbuhan dan produktivitas padi sawah varietas Bioemas Agritan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di BPTP Banten, pada bulan Februari 2022 sampai dengan Juni 2022 pada tanah dengan kondisi C-organik dan N total sangat rendah. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga percobaan paralel yaitu percobaan pemupukan N, P, K menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak faktor tunggal yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Dosis pupuk terdiri atas lima taraf yaitu 0, 50, 100, 150, dan 200 % dari dosis acuan. Penentuan dosis optimum berdasarkan nilai maksimum dari persamaan kuadratik hasil relatif. Dosis pupuk optimum untuk padi sawah varietas Bioemas Agritan adalah 140,93% dari dosis acuan atau setara dengan 422,79 kg ha-1 urea, sedangkan dosis optimum pupuk P2O5 dan K2Otidak dapat ditentukan.
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Empat Genotipe Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril) dengan Cara Pemberian N yang Berbeda Sitta Mujahid; Iskandar Lubis; Ahmad Zamzami
Buletin Agrohorti Vol. 11 No. 3 (2023): Buletin Agrohorti
Publisher : Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/agrob.v11i3.48438

Abstract

Kedelai merupakan komoditas pangan terpenting ketiga setelah jagung dan padi. Sayangnya, produksi kedelai dalam negeri belum mampu mencukupi kebutuhan nasional. Beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi kedelai yaitu pemupukan nitrogen dan penggunaan varietas unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pertumbuhan dan produksi empat genotipe kedelai terhadap perbedaan cara pemupukan nitrogen. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru dan Laboratorium Pascapanen pada bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RLKT) dengan dua faktor percobaan, yakni genotipe (Tanggamus, Anjasmoro, Manshuu Masshokutou, dan SJ4) dan dosis pemupukan nitrogen (0 kg ha-1, 25 kg ha-1 melalui alur, dan pada umur 3,4,5,6 MST (minggu setelah tanam) dengan volume semprot 400 L ha-1). Genotipe kedelai menunjukkan respon yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman pada tinggi tanaman, indeks luas daun, umur tanaman, nilai kehijauan daun, dan jumlah buku produktif. Genotipe juga memiliki respon yang nyata terhadap komponen hasil meliputi jumlah polong per tanaman, jumlah biji per tanaman, bobot 100 butir biji, serta persentase kondisi biji normal dan keriput. Perbedaan pemupukan nitrogen hanya berpengaruh terhadap umur berbunga tanaman. Tanggamus memiliki respon pertumbuhan dan hasil paling baik jika dibandingkan dengan genotipe lainnya berdasarkan tinggi tanaman, indeks luas daun, jumlah cabang dan buku produktif, persentase biji normal, jumlah polong, serta jumlah dan bobot biji per tanaman. Kata kunci: inokulan, komponen hasil, persentase biji normal
Pengaruh Pemberian Amelioran dan Aktinobakteri terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kedelai (Glycine max (L. (Merr)) dengan Budidaya Jenuh Air pada Lahan Pasang Surut Riska Firotul Hidayah; Munif Ghulamahdi; Iskandar Lubis
Buletin Agrohorti Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): Buletin Agrohorti
Publisher : Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/agrob.v12i2.54531

Abstract

Kedelai adalah komoditas utama untuk pangan nasional, dengan lebih dari 70% kebutuhan dipenuhi melalui impor. Hal ini disebabkan rendahnya produksi nasional akibat sentralisasi produksi di lahan sawah, sementara permintaan terus meningkat tiap tahun. Pemanfaatan lahan rawa pasang surut merupakan salah satu langkah untuk meningkatkan produksi kedelai, akan tetapi lahan rawa pasang surut memiliki pH rendah serta kandungan Fe dan Al yang cukup tinggi. Aplikasi amelioran dan aktinobakteri mampu memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah, sehingga mampu meningkatkan produktivitas kedelai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik budidaya jenuh air, dan pemberian amelioran berupa kapur, pupuk kandang, abu sekam, serta aplikasi aktinobakteri terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas kedelai varietas Tanggamus pada lahan pasang surut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tipe lahan pasang surut B di Desa Karya Bakti, Kecamatan Rantau Rasau, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi pada bulan April sampai Agustus 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah (split-plot) dengan faktor utama adalah amelioran (kontrol, 0.5 ton ha-1 kapur, kombinasi antara 0.5 ton ha-1 kapur + 0.5 ton ha-1 pupuk kandang, dan kombinasi lengkap 0.5 ton ha-1 kapur + 0.5 ton ha-1 pupuk kandang + 0.25 ton ha-1 abu sekam), dan aktinobakteri sebagai anak petak (tanpa aktinobakteri, dan dengan penambahan aktinobakteri). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian amelioran dengan kombinasi kapur + pupuk kandang + abu sekam memberikan produktivitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya yaitu mencapai 2.43 ton ha-1. Pemberian aktinobakteri belum mampu meningkatkan produktivitas kedelai. Kata kunci: aktinobakteri, amelioran, budidaya jenuh air, pasang surut, produktivitas
Growth Performance and Productivity of Several Soybean Genotypes (Glycine max L. Merr.) Cultivated at High Altitude Areas in Indonesia. Iskandar Lubis; Ian Surya Fitra Atmaja; Tri Koesoemaningtyas; Munif Ghulamahdi; Heni Purnamawati; Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 8 No. 01 (2021): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.8.01.1-7

Abstract

The low productivity of soybeans (Glycine max) and the impacts of climate change have led to the need for adaptive varieties to high altitude to produce high yields. In this study, nine soybean genotypes from different geographic regions, tropical and subtropical, were tested. The aim of the research was to investigate the growth and productivity of different genotypes of soybean when grown in high-altitude environment. Results showed that the tropical genotypes, “Tanggamus” and “SC-1-8” from Indonesia, “Manshuu-masokutou” from China, and “San Sai” from Thailand, had longer growth duration than the subtropical genotypes, “Enrei” and “Fukuyutaka” from Japan, “Stressland” and “Ht-2” from the United States, and “Hakubi” from China. Tropical genotypes have greater growth values than subtropical genotypes as shown by taller plants, greater number of leaves and dry weight. Among the tropical genotypes, “SC-1-8”, which is a soybean line from IPB, showed the best growth rates and competitive crop yield, making it a potentially good candidate for high yielding soybean in Indonesia.
Evaluation of Source and Sink Capacity of New Cowpea Varieties Faza Yasmin Saidah; Heni Purnamawati; Iskandar Lubis
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 01 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.1.38-45

Abstract

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is a perennial species originating from sub-Saharan Africa. Cowpea has long been cultivated in Indonesia and is classified as a species tolerant of drought and acid soil. Cowpea shows its adaptation to acidic soil (pH = 4.83) by being able to produce 50% to 60% of the seed weight under optimum conditions. This enhances the potential of cowpea to be used and developed as one of the current food options. This research was carried out to optimise of cowpea productivity by studying the relationship between the source and sink of cowpea. This research was conducted from December 2020 to March 2021 at the Cikabayan experimental station, Bogor Agricultural University. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized block design. Four cowpea varieties were evaluated, “Albina”, “Arghavan”, and “Uno”. The measured parameters consisted of photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, plant growth rate, the net assimilation rate of the number of pods, pod weight, number of seeds per pod, dry seed weight, the weight of 100-seeds, and productivity. The cowpea varieties did not show significant differences in the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, plant growth rate, and net assimilation rate. Photosynthesis rate in the three cowpea varieties ranged from 29.20 to 31.77 mol. m⁻².s⁻1 at 50% flowering, and from 17.01 to 19.79 mol.m⁻².s⁻1 at the first harvest. The three cowpea varieties in this study showed no differences in their source-sink capacity and productivity.
Response of Cowpea Growth, Yield and Organic Acid Secretion in Acidic Soil to Variability in Population and Minus One Element Fertilizer Test Dini Gustiningsih; Heni Purnamawati; Iskandar Lubis; Muhamad Syukur; Tomohiro Kondo; Hirokazu Higuchi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 10 No. 03 (2023): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.10.03.196-204

Abstract

Cowpea is a legume with the potential to serve as an alternative food source to replace soybeans in Indonesia; soybeans are primarily used in traditional foods such as tempeh and tofu. Currently, 70% of Indonesia's soybean demand is met through imports. Cowpea exhibits the ability to thrive in suboptimal soils with low fertility levels. One of the major challenges in Indonesian agriculture is the prevalence of acidic soils, which are typically deficient in essential nutrients. Notably, a lack of phosphorus (P) is a significant limiting factor affecting crop productivity in these acidic soils. To address this issue, a study was conducted to investigate how cowpea can adapt and grow in acidic soil conditions. The first experiment aimed to understand the impact of plant density and fertilization methods on the growth and yield of cowpea. The results indicated that planting one cowpea plant per hole resulted in a higher number of leaves and branches. Additionally, the treatment with complete NPK showed a higher number of pods, although this was not significantly different from the treatment with reduced phosphorus (minus P). These findings suggest that cowpea can thrive in acidic soil even under conditions of phosphorus deficiency. Cowpea has developed an external adaptation mechanism through the secretion of organic acids from its roots to survive in low-phosphorus acidic soils. As a follow-up to these findings, a second experiment was conducted to identify the types of organic acids secreted by cowpea roots under conditions of phosphorus deficiency, using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results revealed that the organic acids produced by cowpea root exudates were primarily malic acid and oxalic acid. These research outcomes provide valuable information for growers, indicating that cowpea can be successfully cultivated in acidic soils. Cowpea's ability to produce organic acids allows it to thrive in such environments even when phosphorus levels are low.
Pengaruh pemupukan P dan populasi jagung dengan tumpang sari kedelai pada budidaya jenuh air di lahan pasang surut Faadhilah, Fajar; Lubis, Iskandar; Ghulamahdi, Munif
Journal of Agrosociology and Sustainability Vol. 1 No. 2: (January) 2024
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jassu.v1i2.2024.309

Abstract

Soybean and corn are the main food crops in Indonesia after rice. Currently to fill the needs of national soybeans and corn obtained through imports. That was due to the low productivity of soybeasn and corn in Indonesia compared to other countries like as the United States and China. Iimproving the productivity of corn and soybean is by regulating plant population and fertilizing. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of P fertilizing and corn population on soybean and corn intercropping in tidal swamps. This research was in March to August 2019 in Karyabakti, Rantau Rasau District, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, Jambi Province. The tidal swamps type used was type B. The study was conducted using two factors i.e P fertilization (0 kg P2O5 ha-1, 46 kg P2O5 ha-1, 92 kg P2O5 ha-1, 138 kg P2O5 ha-1) and population maize (50,000, 63,000 and 73,000 plants ha-1). The intercropping system showed the highest results in a population of 63,000 maize ha-1 plants with a fertilizer dosage of  P 46 kg P2O5 ha-1. Land equality ratio highest 2.3 showed that intercropping systems were 130% more effective than monoculture planting.
KERAGAAN MORFO-FISIOLOGI SERTA KOMPONEN HASIL DAN HASIL GENOTIPE PADI PADA METODE BUDIDAYA TANAM BENIH LANGSUNG LAHAN BASAH Rifqi Fauzi, Ahmad; Junaedi, Ahmad; Lubis, Iskandar; Ghulamhdi, Munif; Aswidinnoor, Hajrial
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan Vol 24 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lampung.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25181/jppt.v24i1.2741

Abstract

The direct seeding of rice (DSR) system has been widely practiced in various Asian countries because it is considered more efficient in water and labor and provides better benefits than transplanting systems. However, improvements in the management of this system practice are still needed, especially in cropping patterns and the use of appropriate varieties. This study examines the physiological characteristics, yield components, and yields of rice genotypes in transplanting and DSR systems. This research was carried out in the field with transplanting and DSR cultivation systems (drill and broadcast sowing) and used four superior lines and one national variety. A total of 25 treatment combinations were designed using a split-plot randomized complete block design (Split plot-RCBD) with three replications for each treatment. The results showed that rice grown with DSR had no different level of greenery and photosynthesis rate than rice in transplanting cultivation, but produced lower panicle length, the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled grains, and faster flowering time. Genotype IPB193-F-17-2-3 produced the highest productivity in wet DSR (drill and broadcast sowing) and dry DSR (drill sowing). Genotype IPB193-F-38-2-1 had the highest productivity in transplanting techniques and dry DSR (broadcast method). The productivity of the Ciherang variety in the DSR system (drill method) was not different from the transplanting system. This finding indicates that the direct seeding system using the drill method is promising for further development.
Co-Authors , Yudiwanti , Yudiwanti - Suwarno - Suwarno - Triwidiyati . Suwarno Achmad Gunawan Achmad Gunawan Adi, Defiyanto Djami Adinda Soraya Nasution Afifah, Septi Nur Ahmad Ghozi Manshuri Ahmad Ghozi Mansyuri AHMAD JUNAEDI Ahmad Junaidi Ahmad Junaidi Ahmad Rifqi Fauzi Ahmad Zamzami Aidi Noor Ananda Diah Oktaviani and Koki Homma Andrea Emma Pravitasari, Andrea Emma Arinta, Kistia Asep Hambali Bagus Arrasyid Bambang Sapta Purwoko Boedi Tjahjono Butar Butar, Dewi Valentina Chiharu Hongo, Chiharu dan Yoshinori Yamamoto Danner Sagala Dede Kismantoro Deni Suhendar Desta Wirnas Dewi Valentina Butar Butar Didi Darmadi, Didi Didy Sopandie Dini Gustiningsih Eko Sulistyono Endah Retno Palupi Erika Santi Faadhilah, Fajar Fahmi, Muhammad Rasyid Noor Faisal Faisal Faqih Udin Fathnoer, Veronica Faza Yasmin Saidah Firdaus Puja Santana Fitratunnisah Fitriyah Nurul Ghulamhdi, Munif Gunawan, Achmad HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR Hambali, Asep Harahap, Ade Tika Sari Hirokazu Higuchi Hiroshi Ehara Hiroshi Ehara Hiroshi Ehara Homma, Koki I Nyoman Widiarta I Nyoman Widiarta I Nyoman Widiarta Ian Surya Fitra Atmaja ian Surya Fitra Atmaja Ilham iwan Tona Iswari Saraswati Dewi Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Khairil Anwar Khursatul Munibah Kistia Arinta Koki Homma Kurniawan, Dede Yudo Laili Munawaroh Luh Made Indah Sri Handari Adiputra Luh Putu Ratna Sundari M A Chozin M A Chozin Maisura Maisura Manullang, Frisca Anggriani Marlinda, Barirah Maudy Susanti Maulana, Arlingga Ichwan Megayani Sri Rahayu Miftakhul Bakhrir Rozaq Khamid Muhamad Ahmad Chozin Muhamad Syukur Muhammad Ahmad Chozin Muhammad Firdaus Lubis Muhammad Firdaus Lubis Muhammad Hasjim Bintoro Djoefrie Hasjim Bintoro Djoefrie Mujio Munandar, Arief Munif Ghulamahdi Novita Niken Putri Ulayyah Nur Fa'izah Zainal Ospa Pea Yuanita Meishanti Purwono Purwono Purwono Purwono Rakhman Adhiatma Renica Nurhermawati Riska Firotul Hidayah Roedhy Poerwanto SANTUN R.P SITORUS Septi Nur Afifah Siti Nurhidayah Siti Ria Chaerunisa Sitta Mujahid Sopandie, Didie Sri Astuti Rais Sri Astuti Rais Sri Purwanti Sugiyanta Supijatno Suwarno - Suwarto Suwitono, Bayu Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa Titi Candra Sunarti Titiek S. Yuliani Tomohiro Kondo Tri Koesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas Widiatmaka Willy Bayuardi Suwarno Willy Monika Yohansyah Willy Monika Yohansyah Wira Hadianto, Wira Yartiwi, Yartiwi Yati Astuti Yudi Sastro Yuti Giamerti, Yuti