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Journal : Paediatrica Indonesiana

Host factors related to pneumonia in children under 5 years of age Wiharjo Hadisuwarno; Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Pirlina Umiastuti
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (89.728 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi55.5.2015.248-51

Abstract

Background Pneumonia has been one of the serious problems for children under five in Indonesia. Imbalanced interactions among host factors, agents, and environments influence incidence of pneumonia. Objective To determine the risks of the host related to the incidence of pneumonia in children aged 3-59 months in Pediatrics Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital during 2011-2012. Methods This was a case control study on medical records of patients with respiratory infections in Pediatrics Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. We grouped patients with pneumonia as the case group and patients with other respiratory infections as the control group. The data were statistically processed to calculate odds ratios and P values. Results There were 326 subjects reviewed, 163 in the case group and 163 in the control group. Host factors that increased the risk of pneumonia were: low birth weight (OR=3.10; 95%CI 1.34 to 6.86), inadequate exclusive breastfeeding (OR=1.7; 95%CI 1.09 to 2.64), malnutrition (OR=3.44; 95%CI 2.12 to 5.58) and incomplete immunization in a certain period of age (OR=2.70; 95%CI 1.72 to 4.24). Existed comorbidity was unrelated to the incidence of pneumonia (OR=1.53; 95%CI 0.86 to 2.71). Conclusion Low birth weight, inadequate exclusive breastfeeding, malnutrition, and incomplete immunization in a certain period of age increase the risk of pneumonia.
Risk factors for miliary tuberculosis in children Clarissa Cita Magdalena; Budi Utomo; Retno Asih Setyoningrum
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 57 No 2 (2017): March 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (212.5 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi57.2.2017.63-6

Abstract

Background Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal form of tuberculosis with severe clinical symptoms and complications. The mortality rate from this disease remains high, therefore, it is important to identify the risk factors for miliary TB for early detection and treatment.Objective To identify risk factors for miliary tuberculosis in children.Methods A case-control study of children aged 0-14 years with miliary TB was conducted in Dr. Soetomo Hospital from 2010 to 2015. Data were taken from medical records. Case subjects were children with miliary TB, and control subjects were children with pulmonary TB . Patients with incomplete medical records were excluded. Case subjects were identified from the total patient population; control subjects were included by purposive sampling, with case:control ratio of 1:1. Potential risk factors were age, nutritional status, BCG immunization status, and history of contact with TB patients. Statistical analyses were done with Chi-square and logistic regression tests. P values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.Results A total of 72 children were analyzed, with 36 case and 36 control subjects. Nutritional status had a significant associatation with miliary TB in children (OR 3.182; 95%CI 1.206 to 8.398; P=0.018) in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. The probability of a child with moderate or severe undernutrition developing miliary TB was 76.09%. Other factors were not significantly associated with miliary TB.Conclusion Nutritional status is significantly associated with miliary TB in children, and moderate or severe undernutrition increases the risk for developing miliary TB.
Long term follow-up of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in a pubertal child Andri Kurnia Wahyudhi; Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Ahmad Suryawan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 58 No 4 (2018): July 2018
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1020.653 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi58.4.2018.198-204

Abstract

Increasing awareness of the rising global rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has led to a concerted international effort to confront this disease. Nonetheless, despite cure rates >80% in some programs, MDR-TB patients tend to have chronic disease and require prolonged therapy.1-3 Little is known about the long-term results and follow-up of patients with MDR-TB, include the recurrence rate and chronic disability in patients who have recovered from TB.4 There are many side effects and adverse reactions to drugs can occur during MDR-TB treatment. These could be physical and or psychological, as well as reversible or irreversible. Treatment of MDR-TB requires a combination regimen, consists of second and third-line anti-tuberculosis drugs which more toxic than first-line drugs. Additionally, MDR-TB treatment requires a long duration of treatment (18-24 months) and causes discomfort in the patient.5 In a cohort of 60 patients treated for MDR-TB, the most common side effects included gastritis (100%), dermatological disorders (43%), and peripheral neuropathy (16.7).6 While in a cohort of 75 patients, the incidence of depression, anxiety, and psychosis for MDR-TB treatments was 13.3%, 12.0%, and 12.0%, respectively.7 Aggressive and effective management are needed so the patient can tolerate the treatment and remain adhere the treatment.8 Long-term follow-up is required for the rehabilitation of disorders due to psychosocial sequelae. As such, psychosocial support can be benefit pediatric MDR-TB patients. Here, we present a case report on a two-year follow-up of a pubertal child with MDR-TB, focusing on medical aspects and her development.
The CDC PNU-1 criteria for diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia Hapsari Widya Ningtiar; Dwi Putri Lestari; Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti; Arina Setyaningtyas; Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Ira Dharmawati; Abdul Latief Azis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 59 No 4 (2019): July 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (262.873 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi59.4.2019.195-201

Abstract

Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common nosocomial infections in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), with mortality rates of up to 50%. Post-mortem pulmonary examination is considered to be the gold standard for diagnosis of VAP, but is impossible for routine application. The sensitivity and specificity of Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) are considered to be similar to the those of the gold standard, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PNU-1 (CDC PNU-1) is simpler and not invasive, compared to the CPIS. Objective To evaluate the level of agreement between CDC PNU-1 and CPIS criteria in diagnosing VAP. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the PICU at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya from June to October 2018. Subjects were children aged 1 month–18 years who had been intubated for more than 48 hours. The VAP diagnoses were made by CDC PNU-1 and CPIS criteria. The level of agreement between the two methods was evaluated by Cohen's Kappa test using SPSS Statistics Base 21.0 software. Results hirty-six subjects were evaluated using CDC PNU-1 and CPIS criteria. Subjects' mean age was 3.5 (SD 4.7) years. Amongst 19 patients with VAP, 14 were diagnosed by CPIS criteria and 17 were diagnosed by CDC PNU-1 criteria. The level of agreement between the CDC PNU-1 and CPIS criteria was good (Kappa 0.61; 95%CI 0.31 to 0.83). The CDC PNU-1 had sensitivity 0.85, specificity 0.77, positive predictive value (PPV) 0.70, and negative predictive value (NPV) 0.89. Conclusion The CDC PNU-1 criteria has a good level of agreement with CPIS criteria in diagnosing VAP.
Risk factors of tuberculosis in children with adult household tuberculosis contact Setyoningrum, Retno Asih; Maharani, Rizky Arisanti; Hapsari, Rika; Chafid, Arda Pratama Putra
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 64 No. 4 (2024): July 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi64.4.2024.287-92

Abstract

Background Since children are more likely than adults to become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or suffer from tuberculosis (TB), it is important to identify the risk factors of TB in children with adult household TB contacts. Objective To identify the risk factors of TB in children with adult household TB contacts. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric Respirology Inpatient Ward and Outpatient Clinic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, using medical records of hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2018. Patients were children below 18 years of age who had a history of adult TB household contact(s). We analyzed age at TB diagnosis, nutritional status, BCG vaccination status, and HIV status as possible risk factors of TB. Results A total of 367 children with adult household TB contacts were included in our study. Age of <5 years (OR 8.38; 95%CI 3.78 to 18.21; P<0.001), severe malnutrition (OR 8.88; 95%CI 1.19 to 66.27, P<0.05), absence of BCG scar (OR 2.96; 95%CI 1.32 to 6.62, P<0.05), and positive HIV status (OR 6.72; 95%CI 1.72-38.49, P<0.05) were risk factors for contracting active TB. Conclusion Age of <5 years, severe malnutrition, absence of BCG scar, and positive HIV status are significant risk factors for active TB in children with adult household TB contacts.
Co-Authors Abdul Latief Azis Agoes Boediono Ahmad Suryawan Aida Fahira Rachma Aisah, Nurul Albarok, Muhammad Abdir Rahman Aldise Mareta, Aldise Alpha Fardah Athiyyah Amrina Rosyada Anang Endaryanto Ananto, Muhammad Arif Andri Kurnia Wahyudhi Andy Darma Arda Pratama Putra Chafid Arina Setyaningtyas Budi Utomo Budi Utomo Budi Utomo Chafid, Arda Pratama Putra Clarissa Cita Magdalena Darto Saharso Deasy Fetarayani Deby Kusumaningrum DEWI RAHMAWATI Dharmawati, Ira Didik Didik Handijatmo, Didik Diska Hanifah Nurhayati Djoko Poetranto, Djoko Dominicus Husada Dwi Putri Lestari Dwi Susanti Edith Frederika, Edith Eka Sri Handayani Ergia Latifolia Far-Far, Imanuel Ferry Sandra Gatot Soegiarto Hapsari Widya Ningtiar Hapsari, Rika Hedi Mustiko Hidajat, Boerhan Hubah Asyiroh I Dewa Gede Ugrasena I Gusti Made Reza Gunadi Ranuh I Gusti Ngurah Twi Adnyana Ismoedijanto Khoirunnisa Shafira Deshpande Kristianto, Wigit Laksmi Wulandari Lestari, Sally Rizkita Litiya Parahita Putri Firnadi Lucia Landia Setyowati, Lucia Landia Maharani, Rizky Arisanti Manillaturrochmah Manillaturrochmah Maranatha, Daniel Masaoki Yamaoka, Masaoki Mohammad Yamin Sunaryo Suwandi Muhammad Faris, Muhammad Muhammad Helmi Imaduddin Mustiko MD, Hedi Nabila Annisa Harum Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti Ni Made Mertaniasih Oktaviani, Ranti Dewanti Prananda Surya Airlangga Prasanti, Siva Allysha Pratista Oktafia Pudji Lestari Purwanto, Satiti Palupi Puspamaniar, Vania Ayu Ranti Dewanti Oktaviani Rarome, Berlian Beatrix Ratih Kumala Sari, Ratih Kumala Rebekah Setiabudi, Rebekah Resti Yudhawati Rifah Zafarani Soumena Rika Hapsari Salsabila, Sabila Sembiring, Yan Efrata Shofia Ihtasya SITI NURUL HIDAYATI Sudarmo, Subijanto Marto Syafa'ah, Irmi Tia Harelina Tutwuri Handayani Umiastuti, Pirlina Utariani, Arie Visuddho, Visuddho Widati Fatmaningrum Wigit Kristianto Wiharjo Hadisuwarno Wiweka Merbawani Wungu, Citrawati Dyah Kencono Yuli Astika