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All Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Jurnal Zarah Orbital: Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) SAP (Susunan Artikel Pendidikan) Bivalen: Chemical Studies Journal UNESA Journal of Chemical Education Prosiding Seminar Nasional PPG Universitas Mulawarman Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Mukhamad Nurhadi, Mukhamad
Program Magister Pendidikan Kimia, Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Mulawarman
Religion Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Education Other

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Effective TiO2-Sulfonated Carbon-derived from Eichhornia crassipes in The Removal of Methylene Blue and Congo Red Dyes from Aqueous Solution Iis Intan Widiyowati; Mukhamad Nurhadi; Muhammad Hatami; Lai Sin Yuan
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 2 Year 2020 (August 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.2.6997.476-489

Abstract

The study of TiO2-sulfonated carbon-derived from Eichhornia crassipes (TiO2/SCEC), as an effective adsorbent to remove Methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) dyes from aqueous solution, has been conducted. The preparation steps of TiO2/SCEC adsorbent involved the carbonisation of E. crassipes powder at 600 °C for 1 h, followed by sulfonation of carbon for 3 h and impregnation through titanium(IV) isopropoxide (500 µmol). The physical properties of the adsorbents were characterized by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption studies. The dye removal study using TiO2/SCEC adsorbent was carried out by varying of contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH, particles size of adsorbent and temperature. The kinetics models were determined by the effects of contact time and the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG), which were calculated by the effects of temperature. The results showed that the maximum dye removal capacity of TiO2/SCEC were 18.8 mg.g-1 for MB and 36.5 mg.g-1 for CR. The removal of MB and CR dyes using TiO2/SCEC adsorbent performed a pseudo-second order kinetic models with spontaneity. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Kinetic Study of Styrene Oxidation over Titania Catalyst Supported on Sulfonated Fish Bone-derived Carbon Ratna Kusumawardani; Mukhamad Nurhadi; Teguh Wirawan; Anton Prasetyo; Nabila Nur Agusti; Sin Yuan Lai; Hadi Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 1 Year 2022 (March 2022)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.1.13133.194-204

Abstract

The kinetic evaluation of titania supported sulfonated fish bone-derived carbon (TiO2/SFBC) as a catalyst in styrene oxidation by aqueous hydrogen peroxide was carried out. The catalysts were prepared by carbonation of fishbone powder at varying temperatures 500, 600 and 700 °C, respectively for 2 h, followed by sulfonation with sulfuric acid (1M) for 24 h and impregnated by varied titania concentration 500, 1000 and 1500 µmol. The physical properties of catalysts were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) and the nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The catalytic activity result showed that TiO2/SFBC can be used as a potential catalyst in styrene oxidation. Worth noting that the sulfonation process has not only transformed the TiO2/FBC particulates (without sulfonation) to cuboid-shaped TiO2/SFBC (with sulfonation) but also contributed to the high selectivity of benzaldehyde. On the other hand, carbonization at different temperatures has an indistinct effect on catalytic performance due to their similar surface areas. The styrene conversion rate responded positively with the increasing amount of titania in the functionalized composites. The styrene oxidation by aqueous H2O2 unraveled the first-order reaction with the activation energy of ⁓63.5 kJ. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
One Pot Synthesis of Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate from Fishbone-derived Carbon Teguh Wirawan; Mukhamad Nurhadi; Agung Rahmadani; Yuniar Ponco Prananto; Zhiying Zhu; Sin Yuan Lai; Hadi Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2023: BCREC Volume 18 Issue 3 Year 2023 (October 2023)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.19515

Abstract

Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate (CSH) with uniform morphology and high crystallinity were successfully prepared by a precipitation-hydrolysis method in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution containing fishbone-derived carbon. The CSH was produced by carbonization of fishbone powder at 500 °C for 2 h, followed by sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid for 3 h. The solid mixture was washed until the pH of 2, then left at room temperature for 3 days. Physical properties of synthesized CSH were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, and melting point test. It is concluded that the CSH were formed due to hydrolysis of fishbone-derived carbon in a moderately concentrated sulfuric acid solution of carbon-derived fishbone and crystallization into a fibrous octa calcium phosphate (OCP) form. In this research, effect of crystal growth time, effect of pH during the crystal growth, and effect of volume of the solution were also investigated. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Carbon-containing Hydroxyapatite Obtained from Fish Bone as Low-cost Mesoporous Material for Methylene Blue Adsorption Mukhamad Nurhadi; Ratna Kusumawardani; Wirhanuddin Wirhanuddin; Rahmat Gunawan; Hadi Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.3.5365.660-671

Abstract

The carbon-containing hydroxyapatite has been synthesized using the fish bone obtained from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The synthesis was conducted at varying calcination temperature (300-700 °C) and duration time (1-5 h). The carbon-containing hydroxyapatite were characterized by using Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA). The carbon-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles consisted of the mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of 159 m2.g-1 and pore size of 44 Å. The carbon-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue by varying the contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The maximum amount of adsorption capacity was 56.49 mg.g-1. The adsorption was well fitted with the Langmuir adsorption model (R2 ~ 0.998) and the pseudo-second-order model. This indicated that the dye molecules were adsorbed on the surface-active site of carbon-containing hydroxyapatite via chemical binding, forming an adsorbate monolayer. Hence, the adsorption capability corresponds to the physical properties such as the surface area and pore volume of hydroxyapatite because the larger surface area consists of higher binding sites for the adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters, including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS), indicated that the adsorption of methylene blue onto the carbon-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was spontaneous. Thus, carbon-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles can be applied as a low-cost adsorbent for the treatment of industrial effluents that are contaminated with the methylene blue.  
Catalytic Performance of TiO2–Carbon Mesoporous-Derived from Fish Bones in Styrene Oxidation with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide as an Oxidant Mukhamad Nurhadi; Ratna Kusumawardani; Teguh Wirawan; Sumari Sumari; Sin Yuan Lai; Hadi Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2021 (March 2021)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.1.9729.88-96

Abstract

The catalytic performance of titania-supported carbon mesoporous-derived from fish bones (TiO2/CFB) has been investigated in styrene oxidation with aqueous H2O2. The preparation steps of (TiO2/CFB) catalyst involved the carbonization of fish bones powder at 500 °C for 2 h. followed by impregnation of titania using titanium(IV) isopropoxide (500 µmol) precursor, and calcined at 350 °C for 3 h. The physical properties of the adsorbents were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption studies. The catalytic test was carried out using styrene oxidation with H2O2 as an oxidant at room temperature for 24 h. Its catalytic activity was compared with Fe2O3/CFB, CuO/CFB, TiO2, and CFB catalysts. It is demonstrated that the catalytic activity of TiO2/CFB catalyst has the highest compared to Fe2O3/CFB, CuO/CFB, TiO2, and CFB catalysts in the oxidation of styrene with styrene conversion ~23% and benzaldehyde selectivity ~90%. Kinetics of TiO2/CFB catalyzed oxidation of styrene has been investigated and mechanism for oxidation of styrene has been proposed. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA   License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Activated Bledug Kuwu’s Clay as Adsorbent Potential for Synthetic Dye Adsorption: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies Sri Lestari; Muflihah Muflihah; Ratna Kusumawardani; Mukhamad Nurhadi; Yuniati Mangesa; Fathur Insani Ridho; Robbiatul Adawiyah; Pristiningtyas Ambarwati; Siti Rahma; Sin Yuan Lai; Hadi Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 1 Year 2022 (March 2022)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.1.12473.22-31

Abstract

Bledug Kuwu is one of the geological phenomena as a mud volcano that occurs in Kuwu, Purwodadi, Grobogan, Central Java, Indonesia. The evaluation of Bledug Kuwu’s clay as one of the adsorbents for synthetic dyes has been carried out. The preparation of the adsorbent started with washing the clay with distilled water, followed by activation with a solution of hydrochloric acid (1 M) under mechanistic stirring for overnight. The C−H and O−H groups found on the clay adsorbent could attract methylene blue by dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrocloric acid activation process for clay can increase surface area from 49 to 70 m2.g−1, meanwhile, reducing the average crystal size from 48.3 to 43.4 nm. The dye removal capacity increased from 34 to 40 mg.g−1 in corresponding to the increase of the temperature from 30 to 50 °C. The results showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of activated Bledug Kuwu’s clay reached 99% in an adsorption time of 20 min. The kinetic models of methylene blue adsorption onto BKC and ABKC adsorbents follow the pseudo-second order and the adsorption process is spontaneous with free energy (ΔG) as −23.519 kJ.mol−1. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Comparative Adsorption Performance of Carbon-containing Hydroxyapatite Derived Tenggiri (Scomberomorini) and Belida (Chitala) Fish Bone for Methylene Blue Sri Lestari; Mukhamad Nurhadi; Ratna Kusuma Wardani; Eko Saputro; Retno Pujisupiati; Nova Sukmawati Muskita; Nezalsa Fortuna; A’an Suri Purwandari; Fahria Aryani; Sin Yuan Lai; Hadi Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 3 Year 2022 (September 2022)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.3.15303.565-576

Abstract

The utilization of fishbone as the carbon source for methylene blue adsorption has been successfully studied. Fishbone was prepared from two kinds of fish such as marine fisheries (ex. Tenggiri) and freshwater fisheries (ex. Belida). The carbons were prepared by carbonation of fishbone powder at  500 °C for 2 h. Physical properties of carbons were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and hydrophobicity. The carbons were utilized as the adsorbent for removing methylene blue by varying the contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature. It is concluded that both carbons can very good adsorb the methylene blue. The adsorption performance of carbon (TFC) from Tenggiri fish is better than carbon (BFC) from Belida fish. The adsorption was well fitted with the Langmuir adsorption model (R2 ~ 0.998) and the pseudo-second-order model. This indicated that the dye molecules were adsorbed on the surface-active site of carbon via chemical binding, forming an adsorbate monolayer. Thermodynamic parameters, including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS), indicated that the adsorption of methylene blue onto the carbon from fishbone was spontaneous. Thus, carbon from fishbone can be applied as a low-cost adsorbent to treat industrial effluents contaminated with methylene blue. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Oxidation of Styrene to Benzaldehyde Using Environmentally Friendly Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate-Supported Titania Catalysts Koesnarpadi, Soerja; Wirawan, Teguh; Nurhadi, Mukhamad; Wirhanuddin, Wirhanuddin; Prananto, Yuniar Ponco; Nazarudin, Nazarudin; Degirmenci, Volkan; Lai, Sin Yuan; Nur, Hadi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 4 Year 2024 (December 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20224

Abstract

This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH)-supported titania (TiO2) catalysts and their application in the environmentally friendly oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxidant. The study explores the catalyst's structure-activity relationship, emphasizing the importance of mesoporous materials for enhanced catalytic performance. The CSH-Titania catalysts were synthesized using fish bone-derived CSH as a support, which aligns with green chemistry principles. Characterization techniques such as Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis confirmed the successful impregnation of titania and its catalytic efficiency. The catalysts exhibited high selectivity for benzaldehyde, achieving up to 49.45% conversion of styrene, with benzaldehyde as being the main product. The research highlights that the catalyst’s performance decreased after calcination due to a reduced surface area and pore volume, yet it maintained recyclability across three cycles with minimal  lose  in selectivity loss. Overall, this study introduces a cost-effective and sustainable approach to styrene oxidation, demonstrating the potential for industrial application in producing high-value chemicals with minimal environmental impact. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Visible-light Degradation of Methylene Blue using Energy-Efficient Carbon-Doped TiO2: Kinetic Study and Mechanism Lau, Alysa; Goh, Chien Yong; Guo, Yubei; Alsultan, Abdulkareem Ghassan; Yun Hin, Taufiq-Yap; Nurhadi, Mukhamad; Lai, Sin Yuan
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20347

Abstract

Wastewater pollution is mainly produced from the dye textile industry and the most widely used photocatalyst to degrade dye textile is TiO2 due to its photostability, low toxicity, and low production cost. However, TiO2 is only responsive under UV light; thus, our study is to extend the TiO2 absorption light to visible region via doping of bio-based carbon source, viz. ascorbic acid, to produce carbon-doped TiO2. The carbon-doped TiO2 were solvothermally synthesized with varying carbon loadings (10, 30, and 50 wt%) and calcination temperatures (250, 300, and 400 oC). The functional groups of carbon-doped TiO2 were determined, which the carbonyl groups (C=O) at 1700 cm-1, alkenyl groups (C=C) at 1630-1670 cm-1, hydroxyl groups at 3380-3390 cm-1, and TiO2 appeared at 450 cm-1. The absorption spectra shifted from UV to visible-light region and the band gap was reduced compared to undoped TiO2. The photoluminescence results showed that the surface oxygen vacancies (SOVs) are generated for carbon-doped TiO2. The Ti–C bond formation was proved through diffractogram peak shifting, while the crystallite sizes decrease with increasing carbon amount and decreasing calcination temperature. The highest methylene blue photodegradation of 89.53% was achieved by 30 wt%C-TiO2-250 photocatalyst at pH 10 under 2 h visible light irradiation. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran guided discovery learning berbasis indigenous knowledge di SMA Negeri 5 Samarinda Octavia A., Anjelica; Erika, Farah; Nurhadi, Mukhamad
Bivalen: Chemical Studies Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Bachelor Degree Program of Chemical Education - Mulawarman University | Program Studi S-1 Pendidikan Kimia - Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/bcsj.v4i2.731

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran kimia secara daring menggunakan model guided discovery learning (GDL) berbasis indigenous knowledge di SMA Negeri 5 Samarinda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survei. Pembelajaran dilaksanakan sebanyak 2 pertemuan selama 2 pekan menggunakan aplikasi Google Classroom dan WhatsApp. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 108 siswa kelas XI IPA di SMAN 5 Samarinda yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Respon siswa yang disurvei adalah kemudahan memahami materi, keaktifan dalam pembelajaran, penggunaan model GDL berbasis indigenous knowledge, LKPD yang digunakan, dan ketertarikan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner (angket) tertutup. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan rerata respon siswa diperoleh sebesar 80% dengan interpretasi tergolong kriteria kuat. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa memberikan tanggapan yang baik terhadap penggunaan model GDL berbasis indigenous knowledge pada pembelajaran kimia secara daring dimasa pandemi Covid-19.
Co-Authors Abdul Majid Abdul Majid Alsultan, Abdulkareem Ghassan Anjelica Octavia Arung Anton Prasetyo Arpiana, Devi A’an Suri Purwandari Cheng Loong Ngan Darna Yunita Degirmenci, Volkan Eko Saputro Fahria Aryani Farah Erika Fathur Insani Ridho Goh, Chien Yong Guo, Yubei Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Haiyan Li Hartati, Yuli Herman, Heri Iis Intan Widiyowati Jefi Jefi Kelvert Kong Lai Sin Yuan Lai, Sin Yuan Lau, Alysa Lik Quan Lau Maasje C. Watulingas Mahashanon Arumugam Maria Ulfah Maulidina Rizki Medita Hermawanti Muhammad Hatami Munik Endang Rizkiana Mursyidah Mursyidah Nabila Nur Agusti Nazarudin Nazihah, Diyani Septihadi Nezalsa Fortuna Nova Sukmawati Muskita Nur Anisa, Nela Octavia A., Anjelica Pintaka Kusumaningtyas Pristiningtyas Ambarwati Rahmadani, Agung Rahmat Gunawan RAHMAT GUNAWAN Ratna Kusuma Wardani Ratna Kusumawardani, Ratna Retno Pujisupiati Rezky Oktafiani Rinda Angghita Putri Rizky Handayani Robbiatul Adawiyah Rony, Zahara Tussoleha Sekar Sulistyaningwarni Sheela Chandren Sheela Chandren Siew Fan Wong Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Siti Mutmainah Siti Rahma Soerja Koesnarpadi Sri Lestari Suciyanti Jufri Sulastria Marsuki Sumari Sumari Syaiful Bahri Teguh Wirawan Teguh Wirawan, Teguh Usman Sain Watulingas, Maasje C. Wirhanuddin Wirhanuddin Wirhanuddin, Wirhanuddin Yun Hin, Taufiq-Yap Yuniar Ponco Prananto Yuniati Mangesa Zhiying Zhu Zhiying Zhu