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All Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Jurnal Zarah Orbital: Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Pendas : Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) SAP (Susunan Artikel Pendidikan) Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Bivalen: Chemical Studies Journal UNESA Journal of Chemical Education Prosiding Seminar Nasional PPG Universitas Mulawarman Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis al Kimiya : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Profesi Guru
Mukhamad Nurhadi, Mukhamad
Program Magister Pendidikan Kimia, Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Mulawarman
Religion Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Education Environmental Science Social Sciences Other

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Catalytic Performance of Environmentally Friendly Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate-supported Metals (Ti, Fe, Cu or Ag) for Oxidation Styrene to Benzaldehyde Rahmadani, Agung; Nurhadi, Mukhamad; Wirawan, Teguh; Wirhanuddin, Wirhanuddin; Agusti, Nabila Nur; Lai, Sin Yuan; Nur, Hadi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20508

Abstract

This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH)-supported Metals (Ti, Fe, Cu or Ag) catalysts and their application in the styrene oxidation to benzaldehyde using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. The study explores the catalyst's structure-activity relationship, emphasizing the importance of mesoporous materials for enhanced catalytic performance. The CSH-Metals catalysts were synthesized using fish bone-derived CSH as a support, which aligns with green chemistry principles. Characterization techniques, such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and BET surface area analysis, confirmed the successful impregnation of Metals (Ti, Fe, Cu or Ag) and its catalytic performance. The catalysts exhibited styrene conversion and high selectivity for benzaldehyde, achieving up to 49.5% and 60.2% for CSH-Ti; 12.9% and 84.1% for CSH-Fe, 19.9% and 61.5% for CSH-Cu, and 13.4% and 92.8% for CSH-Ag. The research highlights that the best catalyst’s performance are CSH-Ti for styrene conversion and CSH-Ag for benzaldehyde selectivity. To support performance interpretation, a fuzzy logic analysis was applied to evaluate the influence of seven key parameters on catalytic behavior. The results revealed that ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) formation activity, type of metal, and metal–intermediate interaction were the most dominant factors affecting performance. This data-driven insight reinforces the chemical reactivity as the primary determinant of catalyst effectiveness, above physical attributes such as surface area or pore structure. Overall, this study introduces a cost-effective, sustainable, and selective catalyst system for styrene oxidation, demonstrating high potential for industrial application in the production of value-added chemicals with minimal environmental impact. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
PEMANFAATAN KARBON SISA HASIL PEMBENTUKAN KRISTAL LIMBAH TULANG IKAN TENGGIRI (SCOMBEROMORUS COMMERSON LACEPEDE) DAN IKAN BELIDA (CHITALA LOPIS) UNTUK MENGADSORPSI ZAT WARNA SINTETIK CONGO RED Ramadani, Pino; Fransiska, Firnanda Zuni; Putri, Aisyah Adinda; Maharani, Tiara; Syahputri, Salsabila Dia; Rahmadani, Fitri Nur; Wirhanuddin, Wirhanuddin; Nurhadi, Mukhamad
Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July | INTEKA - Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/inteka.v10i3.13027

Abstract

To date, industrial wastewater treatment efforts have largely relied on conventional methods that are sensitive to environmental changes and less effective in degrading complex dyes such as Congo Red. One promising alternative approach is adsorption using biomass-based activated carbon, including waste derived from fish bones. This study aims to investigate the properties, surface characteristics, and adsorption mechanism of residual carbon obtained from crystal formation processes using waste bones of mackerel and featherback fish for Congo Red removal. The methodology involved carbonization at 500 °C, followed by sulfonation with concentrated H₂SO₄, and adsorption experiments with varying carbon particle size, contact time, and initial Congo Red concentration. The results demonstrate that fish bone waste carbon is highly effective in adsorbing Congo Red, with removal efficiency increasing with contact time and reaching equilibrium within 10 minutes at 99.8%. The optimum particle size was 200 mesh, and the maximum adsorption capacity was observed at Congo Red concentrations below 600 mg L⁻¹. Isotherm analysis revealed that the adsorption process follows the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 16,666.6 mg g⁻¹. Meanwhile, kinetic data indicated that the adsorption behavior conforms to a pseudo-second-order model, with a rate constant of 666.6 g mg⁻¹ h⁻¹ at 25 °C.
Co-Authors Abdul Majid Abdul Majid Agusti, Nabila Nur Akrajas Ali Umar Alfiana Rosyidah, Fani Alsultan, Abdulkareem Ghassan Aman S.Panggabean Anjelica Octavia Arung Anton Prasetyo Arizona, Krishna Arpiana, Devi Atiek Rostika Noviyanti A’an Suri Purwandari Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni Cheng Loong Ngan Darna Yunita Degirmenci, Volkan Dwi Lestari, Etty Eko Saputro Fahria Aryani Farah Erika Fathur Insani Ridho Fitri Nur Rahmadani Fitrianie, Lily Fitriyati, Devi Fransiska, Firnanda Zuni Goh, Chien Yong Guo, Yubei Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Nur Hadi Saleh, Safrulloh Haiyan Li Hartati, Yuli Herman, Heri Iis Intan Widiyowati Jefi Jefi Kelvert Kong Lai Sin Yuan Lai, Sin Yuan Lau, Alysa Lik Quan Lau Maasje C. Watulingas Mahashanon Arumugam Maria Ulfah Maulidina Rizki Medita Hermawanti Muhammad Hatami Munik Endang Rizkiana Mursyidah Mursyidah Nabila Nur Agusti Nazarudin Nazihah, Diyani Septihadi Nezalsa Fortuna Nova Sukmawati Muskita Nur Anisa, Nela Octavia A., Anjelica Pintaka Kusumaningtyas Pristiningtyas Ambarwati Purwati, Widiya Putri, Aisyah Adinda Rahmadani, Agung Rahmat Gunawan RAHMAT GUNAWAN Ramadani, Pino Ratna Kusuma Wardani Ratna Kusumawardani, Ratna Retno Pujisupiati Rezky Oktafiani Rinda Angghita Putri Rita Sianturi Rizky Handayani Robbiatul Adawiyah Rony, Zahara Tussoleha Sari, Anggun Noor Kurnia Sekar Sulistyaningwarni Sheela Chandren Sheela Chandren Siew Fan Wong Simatupang, Bena Septariama Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Sin Yuan Lai Siti Mutmainah Siti Rahma Soerja Koesnarpadi Sri Lestari Suciyanti Jufri Sulastria Marsuki Sumari Sumari Syahputri, Salsabila Dia Syaiful Bahri Teguh Wirawan Teguh Wirawan, Teguh Tiara Maharani, Tiara Tyas, Eka Purwaning Usman Sain Watulingas, Maasje C. Wirhanuddin Wirhanuddin Wirhanuddin, Wirhanuddin Yuliana Yuliana Yun Hin, Taufiq-Yap Yuniar Ponco Prananto Yuniati Mangesa Zhiying Zhu Zhiying Zhu