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All Journal BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL (BMJ) Sport and Fitness Journal Jurnal Ergonomi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Ergonomic) E-Journal Of Cultural Studies INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Indonesia Medicus Veterinus Majalah Ilmiah Fisioterapi Indonesia JURNAL BIOMEDIK Prosiding Seminar Nasional MIPA Jurnal Riset Veteriner Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Veterinary Research) Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan Rekreasi Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico IJAAM (Indonesian Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine) International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management Journal of Global Pharma Technology The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research

J. A. Pangkahila

Department Of Andrology And Sexology, Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar

Author-ID : 339744

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Education Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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Ekstrak Teh Putih (Camellia sinensis) Oral Mencegah Dislipidemia pada Tikus (Rattus novergicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diberi Diet Tinggi Lemak Delly Dahlia; Wimpie I Pangkahila; I Gusti Made Aman; J Alex Pangkahila; N. Tigeh Suryadhi; Ida Sri Iswari
IJAAM (Indonesian Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine) Vol 1 No 1 (2017): Indonesian Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (745.119 KB)

Dislipidemia adalah kelainan metabolisme lipid yang ditandai terjadinya peningkatan kolesterol total, trigliserida, kolesterol LDL dan penurunan kolesterol HDL. Pada saat ini banyak penelitian untuk mencegah dan mengobati dislipidemia dengan bahan alami. Teh putih merupakan teh tanpa proses fermentasi yang berasal dari daun teh (camellia sinensis) yang sangat muda dan masih menggulung serta terlindung dari sinar matahari sehingga mencegah degradasi polifenol. Ekstrak teh putih mengandung derivat katekin tertinggi dibanding teh lainnya , ECGC (Epigalocathecin 3-Gallate) dan kafein ini dapat memperbaiki profil lipid darah dan memiliki efek vasoprotektif, juga memiliki kemampuan untuk menginhibisi (Cholesteryl ester transfer protein) CETP, yang bisa meningkatkan kadar kolesterol HDL dan menurunkan kadar kolesterol total ,trigliserida dan kolesterol LDL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegunaan Ekstrak Teh Putih (camellia sinensis) sebagai alternatif untuk mencegah dislipidemia dan mengetahui dosis pemberian ekstrak teh putih untuk mencegah dislipidemia pada tikus jantan galur wistar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental murni dengan randomized posttest only control group design. Tikus putih jantan dipilih secara random dan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, masing-masing berjumlah 10 ekor tikus, yaitu kelompok kontrol diberikan diet tinggi lemak dan plasebo yang berupa akuades , kelompok perlakuan I diberi diet tinggi lemak dan ekstrak teh putih 14,4 mg, dan kelompok perlakuan II diberi diet tinggi lemak dan ekstrak teh putih 28,8 mg masing-masing 1 kali sehari. Setelah perlakuan selama 28 hari sampel darah diambil dari medial kantus sinus orbitalis, untuk pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, kolesterol LDL dan kolesterol HDL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok pemberian ekstrak teh putih 14,4 mg dan pemberian ekstrak teh putih 28,8 mg terdapat penurunan kolesterol total secara bermakna masing-masing 137,31% dan 156,65% (p < 0,05), penurunan trigliserida secara bermakna masing-masing 77,29% dan 101,01%(p < 0.05) dan penurunan kolesterol LDL masing-masing 53,58 % dan 75,12%(p < 0,05), serta peningkatan kolesterol HDL secara bermakna masing-masing 44,31% dan 66,39% (p < 0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan ekstrak teh putih mencegah peningkatan kolesterol total, trigliserida, kolesterol LDL dan mencegah penurunan kolesterol HDL, jadi ekstrak teh putih mencegah dislipidemia.

Administration of Ashitaba (Angelica Keiskei) leaves extracts prevented Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Reduction and Malondialdehyde (MDA) elevation in overtrained-male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) Ronald Suryaprawira; Alex Pangkahila; Wimpie Pangkahila
IJAAM (Indonesian Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine) Vol 5 No 1 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36675/ijaam.v5i1.63

Introduction: The aging process is caused by several factors, one of which is the accumulation of oxidative damage caused by high free radicals in the body. Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract contains flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and antioxidant capacity. This study aimed to prove that administration of Ashitaba leaves extracts prevent superoxide dismutase (SOD) reduction and malondialdehyde (MDA) elevation in overtraining male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This study was an experimental study with randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects used in this study were 16 male Wistar rats, healthy, aged 6 months, and weighing 180- 200 grams. The control group was given overtraining two hours after aquabidest 2 cc treatment (P0), and the treatment group was given overtraining two hours after administration of Ashitaba leaves extract of 20 mg/kg BW/day (P1). Before and after treatment for 14 days, blood sample were drawn through canthus medial orbital sinus to measure the level of SOD and MDA using the ELISA method. Results: The results showed in control group there was a decrease in SOD levels (from 8.58±0.78 ng/mL to 5.93±1.27 ng/mL; p<0.001) and increased MDA levels (from 2.75±0.19 nmol/mL to 3.28±0.23 nmol/mL; p= 0.001). In treatment group there was no change in SOD levels (from 8.90±0.61 ng/mL to 8.57±0.49 ng/mL; p= 0.217) and there was no change in MDA levels (from 2.67±0.33 nmol/mL to 2.62±0.24 nmol/mL; p= 0.693). Conclusion: It can be concluded that administration of Ashitaba leaves extracts prevented SOD reduction and MDA elevation in overtraining male Wistar rats.

Supplementation of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr leaves extract reduced more body weight and triglyceride in obese male wistar rats with moderate exercise Christine Icasia; Alex Pangkahila; I Wayan Weta
IJAAM (Indonesian Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine) Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36675/ijaam.v4i2.94

Introduction: Moderate exercise is one of the pillars of weight management. Supplementation of ingredients containing bioactive compounds such as Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr leaves extract which contains flavonoids, tannins, and saponins may help obesity management. The purpose of this study was to prove that supplementation of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr leaves extract reduced more body weight and triglyceride in obese male Wistar rats with moderate exercise. Methods: This research was an experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects were 20 rats (Rattus norvegicus). Obesity and hypertriglyceridemia were induced by a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet. Rats were divided into two groups, namely the control group and the treatment group. Results: The control group there was a decrease in body weight (from 284.5±3.17 to 278.3±4.27 grams; p <0.001) and a decrease in triglyceride levels (from 186.7±14.8 to 181.1±13.6; p = 0.047). In the treatment group there was also a decrease in body weight (from 282.1±5.72 to 272.2±3.55 grams; p <0.001) and a decrease in triglyceride levels (from 185.4±9.24 to 160.2±22.5; p = 0.003). The decrease in body weight in the treatment group was more than in control group (-9.90±3.37 vs -6.20±2.74; p = 0.018). Triglyceride levels in treatment group also decreased more than in control group (-25.2±19.3 vs -5.60±8.13; p = 0.008). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that supplementation of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr leaves extract reduced more body weight and triglyceride in obese male Wistar rats with moderate exercise.

Nutrilite green trim® reduced body weight, waist circumference, and body fat percentage in obese men with moderate physical exercise and low-calorie diet Romy Kamaluddin; Wimpie Pangkahila; Alex Pangkahila
IJAAM (Indonesian Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine) Vol 5 No 2 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36675/ijaam.v5i2.75

Introduction: Management of obesity are including consumption of supplements. Nutrilite GreenTrim® Supplement contains green tea extract and EGCG and squalene. This study aimed to prove the effects of Nutrilite GreenTrim® on body weight, waist circumference, and body fats percentage in obese men. Methods: This clinical trial used pretest-posttest control group design in 22 obese men, aged 25-40 years with a BMI 25-35 kg/m2. Subjects were divided into the control group (K) and the treatment group (P). Subjects were given moderate physical exercise and a low-calorie diet. Results: The results showed K group lost weight (from 85.1±8.99 to 82.3±9.21 kg; p<0.001), while the P group lost weight (from 84.1±10.7 to 80.1±10.9 kg; p <0.001) and the difference showed that the P group lost weight greater than the K group (p = 0.007). K group experienced a decrease in waist circumference (from 96.9±7.69 to 93.8±8.84 cm; p <0.001), while the P group (from 96.5±7.78 to 92.2±7.59 cm; p <0.001) the difference showed that the decrease in waist circumference in the P group was better than the K group (p = 0.041). In the K group, body fat percentage decreased (from 27.5±3.31 to 25.8±3.77%; p <0.001), the P group also decreased (from 26.5±3.78 to 23.3±3.67%; p<0.001) the analysis showed that the decrease in body fat percentage in the P group was better than the K group (p <0.001). Conclusion: Supplementation of Nutrilite Green Trim® reduced body weight, waist circumference, and body fats percentage in obese men with moderate physical exercise and low-calorie diet.

PELATIHAN DAYA TAHAN OTOT BERBEBAN ½ KG 20 REPETISI 3 SET MENINGKATKAN FREKUENSI PUKULAN PENDETA TANGAN KIRI DAN KANAN PADA ANGGOTA PENCAK SILAT PERISAI DIRI RANTING SESETAN IKW. Suryawan; J.A. Pangkahila; B.K. Satriyasa; LMIS. Handari Adiputra; IP. Adiartha Griadi; IMA. Wirawan
Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan Rekreasi Vol. 5 No. 2 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi FKIP Universitas PGRI Mahadewa Indonesia bekerjasama dengan Asosiasi Prodi Olahraga Perguruan Tinggi PGRI (APOPI)

Pencak silat adalah seni beladiri yang membutuhkan konsentrasi tinggi. Komponen biomotorik yang terpenting dikembangkan adalah kekuatan, daya tahan otot, kecepatan waktu reaksi dan koordinasi. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menerapkan pelatihan daya tahan otot untuk meningkatkan frekuensi pukulan pendeta dengan dua tipe pelatihan yaitu, Kelompok 1 melakukan pelatihan daya tahan otot dengan beban dumbbell seberat ½ kg sebanyak 20 repetisi 3 set dan Kelompok 2 melakukan pelatihan daya tahan otot berbeban ½ sebanyak 15 repetisi 4 set. Secara keseluruhan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan frekuensi pukulan pendeta. Perbedaan rerata frekuensi pendeta sebelum pelatihan pada Kelompok 1 26,22 ± 1,21 x/30 detik dan sesudah pelatihan 32,28 ± 1,03 x/30 detik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna p = 0,000 (p<0,05). Rerata frekuensi pukulan pendetasebelum pelatihan pada Kelompok 2 adalah sebesar 26,22 ± 1,56x/30 detik dan sesudah pelatihan 29,56 ± 1,23x/30 detik (p<0,05). Perbedaan frekuensi pukulan sesudah pelatihan antara kedua kelompok juga menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna p = 0,000 (p<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan daya tahan otot berbeban ½ kg 20 repetisi 3 set lebih meningkatkan dibandingkan pelatihan daya tahan otot berbeban ½ kg 15 repetisi 4 set.

PELATIHAN PLIOMETRIK JUMP TO BOX LEBIH MENINGKATKAN DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI DARI PADA PELATIHAN PLIOMETRIK BARRIER HOPS PADA PERMAINAN BOLA BASKET MB. Redy Utama; Alex Pangkahila; IN. Adiputra; NW. Tianing; IW. Weta; LMI. Sri Handari Adiputra
Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan Rekreasi Vol. 5 No. 2 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi FKIP Universitas PGRI Mahadewa Indonesia bekerjasama dengan Asosiasi Prodi Olahraga Perguruan Tinggi PGRI (APOPI)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pelatihan jump to box dan barrier hops terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 32 orang siswa SMK Negeri 1 Kuta Selatan yang dipilih secara acak sederhana yang telah memenuhi kriteria insklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel dibagi menjadi dua kelompok sehingga masing-masing kelempok berjumlah 16 orang dan diberikan perlakuan yang berbeda selama enam minggu. Kelompok satu diberikan pelatihan jump to box dan kelompok dua diberikan pelatihan barrier hops. Data yang didapat dianalisis dengan uji t paired untuk mengethui perbedaan antara sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan pada kedua kelompok dan uji t-independent untuk menguji perbedaan daya ledak otot tungkai antar kelompok baik sebelum maupun sesudah pelatihan. Batas kemaknaan di pakai 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rerata daya ledak otot tungkai antar kelompok sesudah pelatihan sebesar 58,00±10,33 cm pada kelompok jump to box dan pada kelompok barrier hops sebesar 50,49±10,19 cm. Rerata daya ledak otot tungkai pelatihan jump to box lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pelatihan barrier hops yang secara statistik berbeda bermakna dengan nilai p=0,036 (p<0,05). Dengan demikian, pelatihan jump to box dan pelatihan barrier hops dapat meningkatkan daya ledak otot tungkai, di mana pelatihan jump to box lebih meningkatkan daripada pelatihan barrier hops.

Oral administration of red rice (Oryza nivara) bran extract reduced weight, visceral fat and liver steatosis amount in obesity male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) Dianika Putri Puspitasari; Alex Pangkahila; Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi
Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico Vol 4 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Indoscholar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36444/nsmc.v4i2.154

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity. Red rice (Oryza nivara) bran known to contain polyphenol and antioxidant that might be potential in reducing body weight and visceral fat in obese mice and preventing liver steatosis. This study was aimed to prove the effect of oral administration of red rice bran (Oryza nivara) extract on body weight, visceral fat, and liver steatosis amount in obese male Wistar rats. Method: In this research, the subjects were 36 male obese (Lee index > 0.3) white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain, 4-5 months old, divided into two groups. The control group received placebo and the treatment group received 460mg/200gram red rice bran extract for 5-weeks. Body weight, visceral fat, and the amount of liver steatosis were observed. Differences between groups in each variable were analyzed. Results: The weight of the control group and the treatment group was 321.17 ± 19.04 grams and 305.72 ± 12.89 grams (p < 0.05). The visceral fat weight was 3.15 ± 0.34 grams in the control group and 2.99 ± 0.34 grams (p > 0.05) in the treatment group. Liver steatosis amount was 41 ± 18 cells per visual field in the control group, and 21 ± 12 (p < 0.05) in the treatment group. Conclusion: Oral administration of red rice bran extract can reduce body weight and liver steatosis amount in obese Wistar rat. The extract of red rice bran was not have a significant effect in reducing visceral fat.

Topical administration of Tamanu Oil (Calophyllum inophyllum) inhibited the increase of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expressions and decrease of collagen dermis amount in male wistar rats exposed to ultraviolet B Yoselyn Gunawan; Alex Pangkahila; Agus Eka Darwinata
Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico Vol 4 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Indoscholar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36444/nsmc.v4i3.186

Background: UV-B irradiation is the major causative factor in photoaging. Photoaging increases MMP-1 significantly and cause damage to collagen by forming ROS. The monounsaturated free fatty acids and antioxidant compounds in Tamanu oil have been studied to inhibit the emergence of MMP-1 and maintain collagen amount. The study aimed to investigate topical Tamanu oil in inhibiting MMP-1 expressions and collagen decrease in male Wistar rats’ skin exposed to UV-B. Methods: A randomized post-test-only control group design was performed on 36 male Wistar rats, aged 2-3 months old with 180-220 grams body weight. They were assigned to two groups: the placebo group and the Tamanu oil group. Both groups were given the same amount of UV-B exposure for four weeks totalling in 840 mJ/cm2 of dosage radiation. Their dermis was examined for MMP-1 using Immunohistochemistry and collagen amount using Picro Sirius Red staining. Results: A comparative analysis was done to show the difference between groups. The mean expression of MMP-1 in the control group was 34,03±2.97 cell/HPF and the Tamanu oil group was lower at 22.73±2.68 cell/HPF. The mean amount of collagen dermis in the control group was 38.90±11.64 % and the Tamanu oil group was higher at 65.66±8.13 %. A significant difference was shown in the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Topical Tamanu oil has proven to hinder the increase of MMP-1 expressions and collagen amount in male Wistar rats’ skin exposed to UV-B.

Pemberian deer placenta secara oral meningkatkan kadar hormon testosteron pada tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan muda I Made Oka Negara; Wimpie Pangkahila; I Gusti Made Aman; Alex Pangkahila; I Wayan Weta; Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 11 No. 2 (2020): (Available online: 1 August 2020)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Men who experience hypogonadal symptoms are increasingly experienced by a younger age. This is due to a decrease in the hormone testosterone. Efforts to increase the hormone testosterone in hypogonadal men are often made to restore sexual function, libido, muscle mass, physical strength, bone density, and feelings of pleasure. This study aims to determine the effect of giving deer placenta orally in increasing levels of the hormone testosterone in young male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: The experimental study was conducted using a pretest and posttest control group design involving 18 young male Wistar rats aged 2.5-3 months with a bodyweight of 150-180 grams. Wistar rats were divided into two groups, each totaling 9 rats, one group as a control group (giving placebo for 28 days) and the treatment group (giving deer placenta orally as much as 10.5 grams per day for 28 days). The data obtained were analyzed by SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: The results showed that there was a significant increase in testosterone levels both before (3.018Â±0.282 ng/ml) and after (4.516Â±0.796 ng/ml) giving deer placenta orally as much as 10.5 grams for 28 days (p <0.010). However, the results of this study showed that there was no increase in testosterone levels in the control group either before or after the placebo treatment (p> 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the administration of deer placenta orally for 28 days showed an increase in testosterone levels among young male Wistar rats.Â Latar Belakang: Laki-laki yang mengalami gejala-gejala hipogonad semakin dialami oleh usia yang semakin muda. Hal ini dikarenakan terjadi penurunan hormone testosterone. Upaya meningkatkan hormon testosteron pada laki-laki hipogonad kerap dilakukan untuk dapat mengembalikan fungsi seksual, libido, masa otot, kekuatan fisik, densitas tulang, dan perasaan senang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian deer placenta secara oral dalam meningkatkan kadar hormon testosteron pada tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan muda.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dilakukan dengan menggunakan pretest and posttest control group design yang melibatkan 18 ekor tikus putih Wistar jantan muda berusia 2,5-3 bulan dengan berat badan 150-180 gram. Tikus Wistar terbagi menjadi dua kelompok masing-masing berjumlah 9 ekor tikus dimana satu kelompok sebagai kelompok kontrol (pemberian plasebo selama 28 hari) dan kelompok perlakuan (pemberian deer placenta secara oral sebanyak 10,5 gram per hari selama 28 hari).Â Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 20 untuk Windows.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan kadar testostesteron secara bermakna baik sebelum (3,018Â±0,282 ng/ml) maupun setelah (4,516Â±0,796 ng/ml) pemberian deer placenta secara oral sebanyak 10,5 gram selama 28 hari (p<0,010). Akan tetapi hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat peningkatan kadar testosteron pada kelompok kontrol baik sebelum atau setelah perlakuan yang diberikan plasebo (p>0,05).Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian deer placenta secara oral selama 28 hari menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan kadar testosteron pada tikus Wistar jantan muda.

The Addition of Caffeine in EBSS Media by Sperm Swim-up Washing Method Increased the Human Sperm Motility and Acrosomal Reaction Bagus Komang Satriyasa; J. Alex Pangkahila
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 10 Issue 08: (2018) August 2018
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Background: Caffeine, a methylxanthine derivate, had a role as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, thereby inhibiting the break down of cAMP and increasing its concentration inside the cell. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of caffeine in EBSS and evaluated the increase in motility and the acrosomal reaction of spermatozoa using the swim-up method. Method: This was an experimental study using a pre-post test control group design. This study was carried out at the Sexology and Andrology Clinic, Sanglah Hospital in Denpasar Bali. The samples were sperm specimens of eighteen infertile male or volunteers aged 20-40 years. They were divided into two groups: treatment group (caffeine + EBSS) and control group (EBSS). The data were analyzed statistically by normality test (Kolmogorov – Smirnov Goodness of Fit Test), homogeneity test and paired student’s t test. Result: The caffeine addition in EBSS medium increased the sperm motility significantly from 71.94% to 80.28% (p<0.05) and the acrosomal reaction from 83.33% to 88.89% (p<0.05). Conclusion: The addition of caffeine in EBSS medium increased the motility and the acrosomal reaction of the human sperm.Keywords: Caffeine, EBSS, Sperm motility, Acrosomal reaction, Spermatozoa.

Co-Authors - Yuniar ., Zenitalia A Bagiada A.A.G.P. Wiraguna adiartha g Adiputra, IN. Adiputra, LMI. Sri Handari Adiputra, LMIS. Handari Adnyana Manuaba Agus Eka Darwinata AL UM ANISWATUN KHASANAH Alprodit Galatang Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara and I. B. Putra-Manuaba Ariati, N.N. Bagus Komang Satriyasa Bambang Widayanto Benediktus Nahak Boedi Prihatini Yenniastoeti Catarina Budi P Chandra, Aji B. Christine Icasia Cornalius O. Lenati D A inten Delly Dahlia Dian Andrieany Husodo Dian Damayanti Dianika Putri Puspitasari Edelweishia, Melissa Eko Wibowo Emiliana Mariyah F. W Wagey Fatqur Rochman Ferbian M. Siswanto, Ferbian M. Ferbian Milas Siswanto Gimbar Adiputra Griadi, IP. Adiartha Hapy Ardiaviandaru Siamy HARA, MARIA KARERI Hening Laswati Heny Widiyowati S I Dewa Ayu Inten Dwi Primayanti I Dewa Putu Sutjana I Gede Widhiantara I Gede Widjanegara I Gusti M. Aman I Gusti Made Aman I Gusti Ngurah Nala I Ketut Suada I Made Ady Wirawan I Made Bakta I Made Jawi I Made Krisna Dinata I MADE MULIARTA . I Nengah Sandi I Nyoman Adi Putra I Nyoman Adiputra I Nyoman Arsana I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya I Nyoman Nuada I Putu Adiartha Griadhi I Putu Agus Budi Sudarsana I Putu Gede Adiatmika I Wayan Rasmen Adikusuma I Wayan Sugianta I Wayan Suryawan I Wayan Weta I.B. Adnyana Manuaba I.G.P Surya Ida Bagus Ngurah Ida Sri Iswari IKW. Suryawan Imam Subadi, Imam IN. Adiputra indah adiputra Indah Pramita Indra Lesmana IP. Adiartha Griadi Irtanto, Okky Iswita Ariestianti Jasmine Kartiko Pertiwi K tirtayasa Kadek Tresna Adhi Ketut Tirtayasa Klaudius H. M. Meti Komang Ayu Tri Widhiyanti La Ode Muhammad Gustrin Syah Leandra Erdina Usmany LMI. Sri Handari Adiputra LMIS. Handari Adiputra Luh Made Indah Luh Made Indah Sri Handari Adiputra Luh Putu Ratna Sundari M Sarapung M. Ali Imron M. Irfan Made Oka Negara Mangestuti Agil Manuaba, I.B.P MB. Redy Utama Meisy Andriana, Meisy Moh Ali Imron Mohammad Syahroni Muh Irfan Muh. Ali Imron Muh. Irfan Muh. Irfan Muhammad Irfan Muhammad Irfan Muhammad Irfan Mutiah Munawarah N. Adiputra N. Adiputra N. Sandi, N. Ni Ketut Dewita Putri Ni Komang Ayu Juni Antari Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi Ni Putu Widarini Ni Putu Widya Astuti Ni Wayan Tianing Nurmalia Fitria Ningrum NW. Tianing Nyoman Suarjana Oktovianus Fufu Oktovianus Fufu Pamella Haryanto Pangkahila, Evangelista Maria Patricia Maria Kurniawati Periskila Abigail Prof. Dr. I Nyoman MS SH. Sirtha Putri Mariani, Putri R. A.T. Kuswardhani Regina Sesilia Noy Retno Widyowati Risha Catra Pradhany Rita Maria Rolles Palilingan Romy Kamaluddin Ronald Suryaprawira S. Indra Lesmana S. Indra Lesmana S. Indra Lesmana Santi Bery Hastuti Sugijanto - Sugijanto - Suryawan, IKW. Susy Purnawati Sutajaya, I.M. Syahmirza Indra Lesmana Tarnajaya, Karnia Taufan Hendra Wirawan Tianing, NW. Tirtayasa, K. Ursula Sulistiani Utama, MB. Redy Valentine Retny Shiajanto Weta, IW. Widianti, I Gusti Ayu Wijaya Surya, I Gede Ngurah Harry Wimpie I Pangkahila Wirawan, IMA. Yoselyn Gunawan Yuliana Ratmawati

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