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All Journal ASPIRATOR Bestuur Bioedukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi BIOEDUSCIENCE Pharmasipha ad-Dawaa : Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jurnal Abdi Insani Bubungan Tinggi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Borneo Journal Of Pharmascientech Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia Jurnal Ilmiah Global Farmasi Parapemikir Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Jurnal Abdimas Kesehatan ASPIRATOR - Journal of Vector-Borne Diseases Studies
Solikah Ana Estikomah
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Journal : BIOEDUSCIENCE

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Formulation and Inhibiting Activity of Paper Soap Yogurt Whey with Natural Dye of Hylocereus polyrhizus Skin Against Staphylococcus aureus Estikomah, Solikah Ana; Kautsar, Alfia Manda Putri; Widyaratna, Indri; Muryani, Eni; Ardiyanti, Dwi
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 9 No 2 (2025): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/18330

Abstract

Background: Yogurt is a product of fermented cheese liquid waste, which is known to contain lactoferrin, which functions as an antimicrobial. Whey-based yogurt has not been used as an ingredient in making paper soap. This study aims to determine the formula and evaluation of paper soap with the addition of whey yogurt with natural dyes from Hylocereus polyrhizus skin. Methods: This study is an experimental study. The preparation of liquid soap from whey yogurt with natural dyes from red dragon fruit skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus) was made into four whey yogurt formulas with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Product quality includes organoleptic values, pH values, foam height, and alkali antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus aureus using the Disk Disk method. Results: The results showed that all formulas of Paper soap whey yogurt with dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) skin dye showed good physicochemical characteristics, pH 9.0–11 (ASTM 9-11 requirements), foam content 41.7–52.5, and free alkali content 0.02–0.04. Paper soap whey yogurt formula with dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) skin dye produced an inhibitory power of 11.27–29.6, including the medium and strong categories. Conclusions: The best formula for Paper soap whey yogurt with dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) skin dye is soap with raw material whey yogurt of 75% whey 25% fresh cow's milk. The results of this study indicate that Paper soap whey yogurt with dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) skin dye has the potential as a natural antiseptic soap.
Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Test Liquid Soap with Eugenol Variant from Clove Leaf Oil (Eugenia aromaticum) Against Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus Estikomah, Solikah Ana; Azzahra , Adhinda Eugenia; Yulisa; Anugrah, Anugrah
BIOEDUSCIENCE Vol 9 No 2 (2025): BIOEDUSCIENCE
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jbes/18513

Abstract

Background: The skin, as the largest organ of the body, hosts various types of bacteria. Excessive sebum production combined with bacterial infections can lead to skin issues such as irritation. Although chemical-based antiseptic soaps are effective, they may negatively impact both the environment and skin health. This has increased public interest in natural alternatives, such as cloves (Eugenia aromaticum), which contain eugenol an active compound with antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. This study aimed to formulate a clove leaf oil-based liquid soap with varying concentrations of clove leaf oil: F1 (0%), F2 (4%), F3 (6%), and F4 (8%), and to evaluate its physical properties and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: The disc diffusion method was employed to assess antibacterial activity. Results: The organoleptic test showed that the soap had a distinctive clove aroma, yellow color, and a liquid to thick homogeneous consistency. The pH values ranged from 8.97 to 9.14, foam stability ranged between 84.37% and 88.18%, viscosity ranged from 2510.72 to 6190.57 cP, and spreadability varied from 3.39 to 6.42 cm. Antibacterial testing revealed inhibition zones of 2.87 mm (F1), 7 mm (F2), 10 mm (F3), and 15.25 mm (F4), indicating increasing antibacterial activity with higher clove oil concentrations. Conclusions: The F2 formula was identified as the most balanced, with acceptable pH, optimal foam stability, moderate viscosity, and a 7 mm inhibition zone classified in the medium category. This study highlights the potential of clove leaf oil as a natural antibacterial agent in liquid soap formulations.
Co-Authors Aisyah Muthmainnah Aisyah Muthmainnah Al Hasanah, Fauziyyah Amal Fadholah Andi Sri Suriati Amal Annisa, Firstiyani Anugerah Suciati Anugrah, Anugrah Ardiyanti, Dwi ARI SUSILOWATI Asfy Nurany Awaluddin, Rizki Azzahra , Adhinda Eugenia Desta Astarina Saputri Toasa Desta Astarina Saputri Toasa Endang Endang Eni Muryani Fauziyyah, Khansa Fitrian, Ahyana Haryanto, Qurrah A'yuniyyah iaisragen, iaisragen Iftitahul Farihah Jiarti Kusbandiyah K Kurniawan K Kurniawan Kautsar, Alfia Manda Putri Kurniawan Kurniawan Kurniawan Kurniawan, Kurniawan Kusumasary, Dhiyah Ayu Lija Oktya Artanti Lilla Puji Lestari Maemunah Maemunah Marfu'ah, Nurul Marniati Marniati Mohammad Masykuri Muthiah Rabbaniyyah Nadia Iha Fatihah Nadia Saptarina Qurrah A'yuniyyah Haryanto Rizki Awaluddin Rizki Awaluddin Rizky Dila Khairunnisa Rohmah Madya Ayu Fitriana Rohmah, Nilna Alfa Ruskiah Octavia Satwika Budi Sawitri Sawitri, Satwika Budi Sholihatin, Binti Sri Fathiyah Safaatsih Sri Wahyuni Sri Wahyuni Sri Wahyuni Suranto Suranto Surya Amal Tsalsabila, Zaviera Vita Kaunia Wahyu Kumil Laila Widyaratna, Indri Widyaratna, Indriyanti Yulisa Zahron, Maulida Lutfia